System Of Local Self-government Research Articles

ФІНАНСОВА СТІЙКІСТЬ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД У ВОЄННИЙ ЧАС: РОЛЬ ПОДАТКОВИХ ДОХОДІВ

Introduction. External aggression has become the backdrop against which the resilience of the local self-government system has manifested as an element of crisis management within the vertical system of public administration. The war has exacerbated territorial disparities and differentiated the challenges for local self-government bodies in various regions due to their distance from combat zones and occupation, leading to the emergence of new functions not typical for local self-government bodies. Problem Statement. These circumstances have precipitated a change in the conditions for the formation of tax revenues for the budgets of territorial communities. Firstly, there has been a transformation in the state's approach to budgetary and tax policy formation, reflected in amendments to budgetary and tax legislation. Secondly, hostilities have resulted in a shift in the spatial concentration of businesses and increased unevenness in population density as a consequence of forced displacement to safe areas. These factors have influenced the process of budgetary revenue accumulation at the local level and, consequently, the financial resilience of territorial communities and their capacity to fulfill their functions. Purpose. To analyze the accumulation of tax revenues for the budgets of territorial communities as a factor in ensuring/preserving their financial resilience. Methods. General scientific and specialized methods were employed, including analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization, and abstract-logical reasoning. Results. Based on five indicators (tax capacity of budgets, tax sufficiency, tax autonomy, local taxes and fees, taxes on economic activity), an analysis of the formation of tax revenues for the budgets of territorial communities in the context of maintaining their financial resilience during the war against Ukraine has been conducted. An increase in disparities in the tax capacity of territorial communities and an increase in the number of administrative-territorial formations in a crisis state have been identified. The impact of two factors on the resilience stability of communities in wartime has been established: distance from combat zones and available economic potential. It has been demonstrated that communities with a high level of economic potential are characterized by higher financial resilience even in conditions of close proximity to the front line, as well as the significant role of large cities in maintaining financial and economic resilience in the region. Conclusions. It is argued that the system of tax revenue formation for territorial communities has become one of the main factors in preserving/ensuring financial resilience of territorial communities during wartime. The influence of high adaptability of economic actors in territorial communities on stabilizing the economy of communities in the second year of the war has been noted.

Constitutional foundations of local self-government in Ukraine

The constitutional foundations of local self­government in Ukraine are norms-principles reflected in more than 20 articles of the Constitution of Ukraine. Norms establishing the legal, organizational, material and financial foundations of local self-government provide for the establishment of a democratic decentralized management system, based on independent territorial communities, local self-government bodies, which are entrusted with the decision of all issues of local importance. Real effective local self-government is possible only in the presence of certain conditions that have objectively developed in society, and which collectively form the basis of local self-government. The basics of local self­government create the foundation, that is, the foundation on which the entire system of local self-government is built. One of the fundamental foundations of local self-government is the participation of citizens in the social and political life of the state. The topicality of the topic is due primarily to the fact that at the current stage of democratic transformation of our country, local self­government is the basis of civil society. Local self-government is one of the most important institutions of a democratic state. Its development is a central scientific problem of municipal law and a "cornerstone” in municipal science for many decades, since its inception. The 1996 Constitution of Ukraine created the legal basis for the development of local self-government as a special type of public power. The article analyzes the constitutional principles that established the status of municipal power, their influence on further legislation and practice of local self­government. The constitutional principles of local self-government are analyzed. The approaches available in modern jurisprudence regarding the definition of the concept of "basics of local self­government” have been considered. Arguments are presented in favor of separating the organizational- legal, territorial, and material-financial bases of the activity of local self-government bodies.

Understanding caregiver burden and quality of life in Kerala’s primary palliative care program: a mixed methods study from caregivers and providers’ perspectives

BackgroundFamily caregivers are vital for long-term care for persons with serious health-related suffering in Kerala. Long-term caregiving and ageing may become burdensome and detrimental to patients and caregivers. We compared the caregiver burden and quality-of-life of ageing caregivers with younger caregivers. We also explored the palliative care nurses’ perceptions of the family caregivers’ issues.MethodsWe did a mixed method study focusing on two groups: (i) three in-depth interviews and a cross-sectional survey among 221 caregivers of palliative care patients in five randomly selected panchayats (most peripheral tier of three-tier local self-government system in India concerned with governance of a village or small town) of Kollam district, Kerala, as part of development and validation of the Achutha Menon Centre Caregiver Burden Inventory; (ii) five in-depth interviews with purposively selected primary palliative care nurses as part of a study on local governments and palliative care. We used a structured interview schedule to collect cross-sectional data on sociodemographic and caregiving-related characteristics, caregiver burden, and health-related quality of life using the EuroQol EQ5D5L and interview guidelines on caregiver issues tailored based on participant type for qualitative interviews.ResultsOlder caregivers comprised 28.1% of the sample and had significantly poorer health and quality-of-life attributes. More senior caregivers experiencing caregiver burden had the lowest mean scores of 0.877 (Standard deviation (SD 0.066, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.854–0.899) followed by younger caregivers with high burden (0.926, SD 0.090, 95% CI 0.907–0.945), older caregivers with low burden (0.935, SD 0.058, 95% CI 0.912–0.958) and younger caregivers with low burden (0.980, SD 0.041, 95% CI 0.970–0.990). Caregivers faced physical, psychological, social, and financial issues, leading to a caregiver burden. The relationships between the palliative care nurses and family caregivers were complex, and nurses perceived caregiver burden, but there were no specific interventions to address this.ConclusionIn our study from Kollam, Kerala, three out of ten caregivers of palliative care patients were 60 years of age or older. They had significantly lower health-related quality of life, particularly if they perceived caregiver burden. Despite being recognized by palliative care nurses, caregiver issues were not systematically addressed. Further research and suitable interventions must be developed to target such problems in the palliative care programme in Kerala.

Civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self-government bodies

The purpose of the article is to determine the specific features of civil-military cooperation and public control over the activities of local self­government bodies.
 The article shows that in the context of a high- intensity armed conflict, the impact of corruption and other risks that have a destructive impact on the local self-government system is growing. Arguments are presented about the existence of risks of violation of human and civil rights as a result of unlawful actions of civilian and military officials. Attention is focused on the decline in economic activity of enterprises and the population living near the contact line as a result of ill-considered provision of humanitarian aid. The article establishes the absence or imperfection of legal mechanisms to influence persons who refuse to evacuate from the areas of hostilities, if such "refuseniks" take care of children, the elderly or persons with disabilities.
 Public control is a complex social entity whose mission is to create preconditions for continuous improvement of the controlled entities' activities by searching for and analyzing errors in their activities and identifying ways to eliminate them. The concept of public control over the activities of local self­government bodies and civil-military cooperation structures is formulated as an analytical and search work of civil society institutions aimed at determining whether the activities of the controlled entities comply with their functions, powers, restrictions and prohibitions established by law.
 The legal framework for civic control over the activities of local self-government bodies and civil- military cooperation structures is currently being developed. Legislation governing the activities of local self-government bodies is largely outdated and does not take into account the realities of the martial law regime. Instead, the legislative basis for civil-military cooperation has not yet been created, which leads to an arbitrary interpretation of the essence of civil-military cooperation by different actors.

Роль органов местного самоуправления в становлении и развитии мировой юстиции в России второй половины XIX века

The main aspects of the influence of local governments represented by district zemstvo assemblies on the organization and functioning of world justice in the post-reform Russian province are considered. Attention is focused on the commonality of the principles of building a system of local self-government and world courts, as well as on the problems that the zemstvo faced in the formation of the world judiciary, in particular, restrictions on the property qualification, difficulties in implementing the provisions of the law on unanimous election, a narrow circle of candidates, the impact of social contradictions, financial opportunities. At the same time, it is recognized that the zemstvo institutions as a whole successfully coped with the responsible task entrusted to them and formed a world court worthy of respect and trust.

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

Instytucjonalne i realizacyjne skutki decentralizacji administracji publicznej w warunkach chorwackiej administracji terenowej

In 2020, the deconcentrated model of the performance of state administration tasks in Croatian territorial units was replaced with the model of administrative decentralization. The new State Administration System Act abolished the county state administration offices as first-instance state administration bodies and transferred their tasks to the delegated scope of competence of counties as second-level self-government units. The paper explores the effects of administrative decentralization. Based on theoretical assumptions on decentralization effects, comparative experience with administrative decentralization ex-ante evaluation of county state administration offices abolition, five hypotheses about the effects of administrative decentralization in Croatian territorial governance setting are formulated. The hypotheses are tested by analysis of the legal and institutional framework of the performance of delegated tasks, empirical data gathered through the questionnaires, nine interviews, and secondary data. The results show that administrative decentralization strengthened the role of Croatian counties, strengthened their administrative role, strengthened the role of county governors, increased the horizontal and weakened vertical coordination, improved some aspects of service delivery but not uniformity in service provision across the state territory, and improved the transparency but not led to the democratization of county government. Five national-specific factors are analyzed as possible explanations for such results: general societal trends, external pressures, characteristics of Croatian public administration, general features of the Croatian local self-government system, and adopted organizational design.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN RURAL DISTRICTS OF KAZAKHSTAN

Issues of decentralization of power, and, consequently, the development of local self-government in Kazakhstan are becoming increasingly relevant. Local self-government plays a special role in solving socio-economic and political problems of rural areas. At the moment, certain results have been achieved in this direction in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Nevertheless, there are still many difficulties and problems that need to be solved on the basis of the whole variety of theoretical and methodological approaches. In the article, based on the use of a complex of theoretical and empirical methods, the issues of formation and development of the local self-government system in rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan are examined. The main approaches to this issue are analyzed, on their basis the need for further study of issues of local self-government in rural districts of Kazakhstan is substantiated. Based on the comparative analysis of the anglo-saxon and continental models of local self-government, the authors characterized the model of local self-government implemented in our country. A PEST-analysis was carried out, which made it possible to identify the main political, economic, social and technological factors influencing the development of the local self-government system. The prospects and directions for modernizing local self-government in rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan are outlined.

MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article examines the current state of organisation of management of the development of territories during military operations in Ukraine at the local, regional and state levels. The legal framework governing the functioning of communities and the creation of territorial communities in the context of decentralisation is defined. In analysing the legislation, attention is focused on the difference between the terms "community" and "territorial community". It is proved that a territorial community, as a subject of regulation of socio-economic development of the territory, is endowed with functions which generally coincide with the scope of functions of the local self-government system. Keywords: territorial community, management, local development, efficiency, united territorial community.

Legal Foundations of the Local Community in the Russian Federation: Concept, Structure, Forms of Interaction with Local Self-Government Bodies

Introduction. In the light of the constitutional innovations of 2020 regarding the legal regulation of civil society as a whole, and in particular of its individual public law institutions, as well as the legal position of the Constitutional Court, formulated in a number of its resolutions and definitions, regarding the recognition of the local community as a source and subject of local self-government, the problem of legalization seems urgent the legal definition of “local community” in the current legislation. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The methodology of the study is largely determined by its goals, the main of which is to formulate a set of scientifically based conclusions about the concept based on a systematic legal analysis of various points of view of researchers, the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation regarding the place and role of the local community in the system of local self-government as its source and subject of implementation, the structure of the local community and the forms of its interaction with local self-government bodies and on their basis to develop practical recommendations for improving legislation in this area. The work uses general scientific methods (system analysis, dialectical, formal-logical) and special research methods (system-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal, formal-legal). The application of these methods of scientific research makes it possible to determine the structure of the local community as an institution of civil society and a subject of local self-government, to identify intra-system connections, forms of interaction of the local community with local self-government bodies, patterns and trends corresponding to this process. Results. The theoretical, methodological, scientific and practical issues of defining the concept and structure of the local community, as well as the requirements imposed in the legislation to its elements in the face of organized associations of the population of the municipality are disclosed. A methodology has been developed for determining the grounds for classifying the forms of interaction of the local community with local self-government bodies depending on the forms of direct implementation of local self-government by the population, forms of participation of the population in the implementation of local self-government and forms of public control defined in the legislation. The criteria for determining the unity of the forms of interaction between the local community and local self-government bodies, enshrined in the Federal Law “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law “On the Basics of Public Control in the Russian Federation” in solving issues of local importance, are analyzed. Discussion and Conclusion. The formation of a local community as a public legal institution of civil society, a subject and source of local self-government is a necessary condition on the path of its development as the basis of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and one of the forms of democracy, which determines the advisability of introducing the legal term “local community” in current federal legislation.

Organisation of local self-government in the Republic of Azerbaijan

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that local self-government is the foundation of the life of the citizens of the Republic of Azerbaijan and one of the main foundations of any democratic system. The purpose of this study is to establish the constitutional and legal content and forms of interaction between the state authorities and local self-government at the present stage of development of the Republic of Azerbaijan. To achieve the research objective, the author used general theoretical and special legal methods. The main result of the study is the argumentation of the position that interaction between public authorities and local self-government should be considered as a joint activity based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, its laws and by-laws, and carried out in certain directions and forms. Achieving this goal involves setting and solving such a research task as analysing the main trends in the development of local self-government at the present stage, forms, and mechanisms of interaction between local self-government bodies and the bodies of the state power structure of a subject of the Republic of Azerbaijan, on the one hand, and the local population at the regional level, on the other. The study used both general scientific methods of research (logical analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and descent from the abstract to the concrete, and the method of identification) and private (so-called traditional) methods of social sciences (the method of structural and functional analysis, and the institutional method). The conclusion of the study is the argumentation of the position that in Azerbaijan, as in other post-Soviet countries, the problem of relations between state and municipal authorities is quite relevant since local self-government has always been an attribute of a democratic society and a form of self-organisation of the population to solve local problems. In addition, local self-government in Azerbaijan is recognised as an equal and independent form of government, which is also confirmed by the results of the study. The study also substantiates specific proposals for improving the functioning of the local self-government system in the Republic of Azerbaijan, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of its implementation at the regional level.

Coordination and complex policy problems – experiences of de-sectorized municipalities in Sweden

The article highlights the growing contradiction in public policies managing complex policy problems in political systems characterized as sectorized. Utilizing a case study, this article analyzes how Swedish municipalities have attempted to introduce alternative organizational models, replacing a sector-based model to improve coordination values. The local self-government in Sweden has traditionally been organized as a sector-based model, i.e., a political organization that consists of standing committees organized functionally with sector-based responsibilities. In the last two decades, several municipalities have introduced de-sectorized models motivated by arguments concerning coordination and producing seamless municipal services. The article aims to describe and analyze the introduction of de-sectorized models in Swedish municipalities. The most significant results of the analysis show: Firstly, 66 out of a total of 290 municipalities in Sweden have created de-sectorized municipal organizations since the end of the 1990s. Secondly, the de-sectorized organizations introduced imply that the number of elected representatives decreases significantly. The interviewed actors regard this as a negative democratic side-effect. Thirdly, the results of conducted interviews also indicate that the de-sectorized model enhances coordination values at an overall level and has the potential to create cost efficiency in administrative expenses. Finally, more research needs to bring forward analyses on how to introduce alternative political organizing to manage complex policy problems vis-a-vis an institutionalized system of local self-government.

Problems and Prospects for Improving the Territorial Organization of Local Self-Government (On the Example of Municipalities of the Republic of Tyva)

The specificity of the socio-economic and ethno-cultural processes developing on the territory of the Republic of Tyva reflects the objective need for expert and scientific analysis of the problems of managing the territories of municipalities in the region in the general context of the transformation of the system of territorial organization of local self-government in Russia. The purpose of this study is to develop practical recommendations for improving the territorial organization of local self-government in the Republic of Tyva. In the article, based on the application of general scientific methods (logical method, comparative analysis and a systematic approach), the features of the territorial structure of local self-government in the Republic of Tuva are investigated, and the main problems of spatial and territorial development of municipalities are identified. A general conclusion is made that the republican government bodies, in cooperation with municipalities, need to jointly develop a draft “road map” for the transition to a single-level system of local self-government, taking into account the opinion of the population and repre-sentatives of the expert community. The author proposes a project of territorial reforms of local self-government in the region and gives a preliminary assessment of possible management decisions to transform the boundaries of the municipalities of the Tyva Republic (projected changes in population, area of municipalities, administrative and managerial effects, etc.).

Scientific views on the role of Starosta (Elder) in the local government system

The article is devoted to describing and analyzing the scientific views of national scientists on the role of starosta in the system of local self-government in Ukraine. The relevance and timeliness of the study is due to the fact that the practical implementation of the idea of decentralization proves to be effective every time, while the introduction of the starosta institute has become a new historical milestone in this process. It is determined that starosta as a form of participatory democracy is an integral part of the development of the modern Ukrainian model of local self-government. The researchers’ vision of who the starosta is for the residents of a particular territorial community is presented. The article reveals the commonality of researchers’ approaches to the role of starosta as the closest representative of local self-government, as well as a communicator between the residents of the respective starosta district and local authorities. He or she also acts as an intermediary between residents and the authorities. In addition, it is believed that the starosta can consult, advise and assist in solving problems arising in the community. The purpose of creating the institution of starostas in local self-government bodies in Ukraine is emphasized. The article presents the powers of starosta as defined by the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine». The author offers one of the scientific approaches to the classification of starosta’s functions formulated on the basis of the analysis of his/her powers. These functions are: representative; budgetary; informational; control; constituent; organizational. The study analyzes the requirements that could be mandatory for a person who plans to be a starosta. For example, age, affiliation (certain connection) with the territorial community, special education, knowledge of the basics of local self-government, experience, etc. The author outlines the areas for further scientific research on the implementation of the starosta institute. These areas include: the definition and method of regulatory consolidation of starosta’s powers, their balance and the reality of their application. It is noted that prevention of corruption is another area of scientific research, without which the implementation of the institute is impossible. It is determined that it is necessary to strengthen the positive features of the modern starosta institution, to reveal its role, to increase productivity and efficiency.

Problems on the path of formation of local self-government in France

The article is devoted to defining the peculiarities of the genesis of local self-government in France. The peculiarities of the formation of local self-government in the countries of continental law, in particular France and Ukraine, are determined. A superficial comparative analysis of the implementation of the powers of local self-government bodies in Ukraine and France at various stages of the countries’ development was conducted. The article states that the then French system of local self-government did not fully implement the principle of electability of all bodies and officials of local self-government, and at the end of the XIX century. this criterion was considered the main characteristic of administrative decentralization and began to be applied even to departmental self-government. It was noted that French society actively discussed the issue of the direction of the further development of the local self-government system. The scientific article contains information about forms of self-government similar to France in Belgium and Italy; in comparison with England, the state system of France should be considered not a democracy, but a bureaucracy. The article mentions the French revolution, the struggle against regionalism, the elimination of provinces and the creation of a new system of districts. The strengthening of the regionalization process, which went into decline only by the middle of the 20th century, is analyzed. The constant interest in the system of local self­government in France, especially the period of the French Republic, when a model of local self-government with broad representation, based on secret, universal, equal suffrage, was first proposed (during the 19th - early 20th centuries in Europe) is emphasized. The article states that the attitude towards the French model of local self-government depended on the perception of France itself, which sometimes led to a distorted perception of its organization of local self-government. The tendency is especially noticeable in the works of German political scientists and legal scholars. It was determined that the concepts of local self-government and decentralization of power were not distinguished and detailed in France, so due to the confusion of terms during administrative decentralization, the development of the system of self-government as a political institution of language in France was somewhat behind. It was established that the negative attitude towards the French system of local government, which developed during the period of the second monarchy and was supported by German jurists and political scientists, persisted even after the reform of 1871.
 It was concluded that the development and formation of local self-government in France had its own problems, but this did not prevent it from arriving at an effective both legislative and practical model of the exercise of powers by local self-government bodies.

Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance Issues: Perspective from Rural India

Objective: This paper aims to focus on grassroots democracy in India and also to find out the role local self-government for the development of rural India and its challenges to govern. Methods: The methodological path taken by using the secondary based data to find out the local government system and governance in India. The method approach was qualitative descriptive research. Results and conclusion: The Panchayati Raj system of local self-government was introduced by the 73rd Amendment of the Constitution of India which influenced the village life extensively as one of the most important units of democratic decentralization. Seventy-third Constitutional Amendment Act, ‘Empowering People for Prosperity´, brings out a significant change in the attitude, behavior and performance of the rustic folk in India. There are more than 250,000 local government bodies across India with nearly 3.1 million elected representatives. This paper reveals forward states provide good governance through the local government in the core areas of development with execution of plans in rural India and on the other hand, backward states are lack in governance due to nature the corruption laden politics exist in those states. Implication of the research: This study sums up with the significance of grassroots democracy and its role in the development of rural India and at the same time to highlights the hurdle in the governance ecosystem of local governments in rural India. Originality/value: The value of this study lies in its focus on a relatively aspect of grassroots governance system in India. It addresses a significant gap in the current literature, providing fresh insights into governance system in rural India and the strengthen the grassroots democracy.

INVESTMENT COMPONENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of rural areas, the result of which is a sociological survey of rural residents. Rural communities are faced with insufficient funding for the development of territories, lack of investment, which prevents the modernization and development of infrastructure, the introduction of innovations in the rural economy. A favorable investment climate is decisive in increasing the attraction of investments in the country's economy, including in the development of rural areas. An analysis of direct foreign investments in the economy of Ukraine was carried out. The effectiveness of community management is determined by the effectiveness of the developed strategy for the development of rural territories, which is based on the use of the territory's potential with the state support of residents' initiatives and the active participation of local governments in creating incentives for balanced economic and social development of regions. On the base of the analysis of the problems of rural areas, ways of their development are proposed, one of which is the formation of an effective strategy aimed at the implementation of projects and the introduction of innovations using the financial and economic potential of the specific rural area. It was determined that the formed own strategy should be individual and special, since it is based on taking into account the priority interests and needs of a certain territorial community and using the economic potential of the rural area. The stages of developing a development strategy and evaluating the effectiveness of rural territorial communities are detailed An analysis of the world experience regarding the use of financial instruments for the stimulation and development of rural territorial communities in the regional system of the member states of the European Union was carried out. The main advantages of using financial tools for the development of communities and rural areas in Ukraine are given. Conclusions were made that the effectiveness of the state policy of supporting the development of rural areas will be evidenced by the activation of entrepreneurship in the countryside, the expansion of opportunities for self-realization of rural residents, including internally displaced persons, ensuring the financial capacity of communities, especially thanks to the activation of investment attraction. The use of public-private partnership (PPP) as an innovative financial instrument in the system of local self-government is proposed, which will contribute to meeting the needs of rural territorial communities through the attraction of additional financial resources for the development of infrastructure facilities in the rural area with simultaneous control over them.

정부간협력에 대한 조정제도의 영향

The study examined how the perception of the effectiveness of the dispute mediation institution and the local financial coordination system affects intergovernmental cooperation. To this end, the study conducted a comprehensive analysis using crosssectional regression analysis and joint OLS based on the “Survey on Intergovernmental Relations(IGR)” data(2011, 2014, 2017, 2020) provided by the Korea Institute of Public Administration.
 Summarizing the results, the perception of the effectiveness of the dispute mediation system and the local financial coordination system had a static effect on the perception of intergovernmental cooperation, and the sense of cooperation among public officials and financial decentralization also had a static effect.
 Based on this, in order to further promote intergovernmental cooperation, policy implications such as changing the perception of not only the local self-government system but also the dispute mediation system and the local financial coordination system were proposed.

Моніторинг проблем конституційно-правового характеру в контексті адаптації місцевого самоврядування до європейських стандартів

Ensuring the stability of local self-government bodies during the adoption of management decisions in war conditions and the identification of priorities by local self-government bodies for responding to emergency situations in the post-war period as components of the local self-government system in the context of the post-war recovery of Ukraine requires an analysis of the functioning of the local self-government system in the conditions of post-war recovery of the country, which is one of the ways to improve the functioning of the local self-government system in the conditions of the post-war reconstruction of the country. The article forms an algorithm for monitoring problems of a constitutional and legal nature in the context of adapting local selfgovernment to European standards, the essence of which is that the principles of combining forms of direct and representative democracy in the implementation of local self-government, the legal principles of relations between the state and local selfgovernment, organizational and functional principles of local self-government, problems and peculiarities of the implementation of the legal principles of local self-government, which will be a solution to the problems of a constitutional and legal nature in the context of adaptation of local self-government to European standards and will involve the refusal of the state from legal regulation at the legislative level of all relations regarding the organization and implementation of local self-government.

Imperial statehood as the basis for successful national development of Russia (ending)

This article is devoted to the study of imperial statehood as a traditional form of statehood for Russia and the Russian people. The author of the article notes that in the minds of most “Russians” and residents of the Earth, the term “empire” is perceived with a pronounced negative connotation, which is a consequence of the dominant in science and mass consciousness, thanks to the activities of the media and propaganda, certain myths about empire and ideological attitudes.Imperial states are usually identified either with a large power in their territorial possessions, or with a special type of state entities seeking constant territorial expansion, coupled with the merciless exploitation of “enslaved” peoples, i.e. with colonial powers, often to raise their status calling themselves “empires”.Meanwhile, such ideas have nothing to do with reality. Classical empires are a special type of state entity dominated by the idea of ​ ​ unity of society in the name of the common good. Different ethnic groups coexist peacefully in culture and customs, coexisting under the patronage and supervision of the core imperial ethnic group, while maintaining their traditional way of life, economic structures, the system of local self-government and often statehood.The study of the phenomenon of “empire” is very important at present in the light of determining the prospects and vector for the further development of the Russian world, Russian society and statehood. For, as history shows, the fate of the empire is inseparable from the fate of the core imperial ethnic group, i.e. the Russian people. And in this sense, the empire is not only a tradition, but also the fate of Russia.