Labeling System Research Articles

Sequence labeling with MLTA: Multi-level topic-aware mechanism

Current sequence labeling systems are typically based on CNNs-BiLSTM-CRF, which has been viewed as a standard method. However, on one hand, the standard method often uses static word embedding to embed input words without considering the polysemy. On the other hand, BiLSTM has limitations in modeling the global context information, which further makes the standard method hard to correctly recognize the label of words that are ambiguous. In this paper, we propose a multi-level topic-aware mechanism to obtain word-level and corpus-level topic representations for sequence labeling tasks. The word-level topic representation can capture different word sense to some extent and enhance the discriminative of each word. The corpus-level topic representation is a kind of global semantic information which is helpful for the understanding of a word in different contexts. Both of the word-level and corpus-level topic representations are adaptively fused with sequential information extracted by BiLSTM via a proposed fusion gate. Experimental results validate the superior performance of the proposed model compared with state-of-the-art variants of the standard methods. In particular, the multi-level topic-aware mechanism is helpful for achieving better performances on words that are ambiguous.

A genetically encoded photoproximity labeling approach for mapping protein territories

Studying dynamic biological processes requires approaches compatible with the lifetimes of the biochemical transactions under investigation, which can be very short. We describe a genetically encoded system that allows protein neighborhoods to be mapped using visible light. Our approach involves fusing an engineered flavoprotein to a protein of interest. Brief excitation of the fusion protein leads to the labeling of nearby proteins with cell-permeable probes. Mechanistic studies reveal different labeling pathways are operational depending on the nature of the exogenous probe that is employed. When combined with quantitative proteomics, this photoproximity labeling system generates "snapshots" of protein territories with high temporal and spatial resolution. The intrinsic fluorescence of the fusion domain permits correlated imaging and proteomics analyses, a capability that is exploited in several contexts, including defining the protein clients of the major vault protein. The technology should be broadly useful in the biomedical area.

Abstract 2370: The role of extracellular vesicles in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of gliomas and is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Within the tumor, there is a subtype of cells deemed brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), which contribute to tumor progression, therapy resistance, and tumoral heterogeneity. The tumor microenvironment, surrounding tumors, contains an ecosystem of cells in which BTICs can interact with and further promote tumor progression. In the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles, the neurogenic niche of the subventricular zone (SVZ), contains neural stem cells (NSCs) that self-renew and generate highly migratory neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Interestingly, GBM tumors proximal to the SVZ are more proliferative, migratory, and negatively impact the survival of patients. We have previously observed that the presence of GBM induces reciprocal changes to the SVZ altering its neurogenic capacity and resulting in a more proliferative tumor. BTICs share the similar self-renewal capacity to NPCs and may exert intercellular communication resulting in increase malignancy features. However, the exact mechanisms of how GSCs communicate with NPCs is not well understood. Cancer cells release higher amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs) than non-malignant cells. Cancer EVs help communicate with other nearby cells, leading to promotion of tumorigenesis. EVs are a heterogenous group of cell-derived membranous structures that serve as means of intercellular communication, allowing for cells to exchange proteins, lipids, RNA, and other genetic material. They can be further characterized into two main subtypes, small EVs, that range from 30-150nm, and large EVs, that range from 50-1000nm. EVs derived from gliomas or non-glioma cells in the tumor microenvironment are involved in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, malignancy, and drug resistance. The overarching goal of this project is to characterize BTIC-derived small EV cargo to identify proteins and RNAs that modify the GBM tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that GBM-derived small extracellular vesicles alter the phenotype of non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment through distinct cargo contained in small extracellular vesicles. The results of these experiments will help us to elucidate what exact small EV cargo impacts the tumor microenvironment, with the potential of revealing possible therapeutic targets for GBM.The optimized protocol gives us the ability to enrich our desired EV population of small EVs from BTICs. BTIC-derived small EVs influence recipient NPCs by significantly upregulating markers for stemness, tumor aggressiveness, and invasion, as well as increasing NPC migration. Future experiments will include trying to establish a cell-specific labeling system in vitro to label EVs from BTICs, to allow for direct co-culture of BTICs with NPCs and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Marissa Russo. The role of extracellular vesicles in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2370.

Performance of the Nutri-Score and Warning Labels in Identifying the Healthier Product

Different types of Front-of-Package (FOP) have been designed around the world to help consumers assess the healthiness of foods and promote healthier options. An online study was conducted with Mexican and Spanish consumers to compare the current Mexican warning labeling system and the European Nutri-Score, which has been adopted by Spain and other European countries. 156 participants were asked to choose between 30 pairwise comparisons. When employing the British FSA/Ofcom nutrient profile score to measure product healthiness, the Warning Label System provided the most accurate results in determining the healthier of two yogurt brands in comparison to the Nutri-Score and the control condition.

Application Time Management of Concrete Precast Wall Work on High-rise Campus Building

In the implementation of building construction, especially in the context of functionality of campus buildings, punctuality is an important thing that must be strictly followed because it concerns the start of lecture schedules that cannot be delayed. Therefore, it is necessary to have precise time management of building construction during all the implementation. It’s cannot be separated in building construction between the innovation of work methods and improvisation of quality control which are two processes that need to be implementation in an effort to achieve efficiency and. One of the innovations in building construction, is installation of a concrete precast wall as a cover for the facade of the Binus campus building. Concrete precast wall is made of a good material, as an effort to reduce solar heat entering the room. Furthermore, all existing constraints must be mapped properly as support implementation concrete precast wall. One of antecedents of implementation concrete precast wall in building construction is time management of machine construction tools when use tower crane. Researcher knows the issues of building construction are limitations time using tower crane efficiently, working tools, weather conditions, time of material application, labelling system, quality control mechanism and installation system. In other side, those strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, that can be used as an approach and analysis, start from resource mapping, work requirements, material quality control and coordination systems between sub-supporters. The success of this work depends on the application and coordination calculation time, inspection and quality procedure is main of a consistent methodology from manufacturing in the workshop to installation in the field. In addition, efficiency and effectiveness can provide good quality, saving time and costs.

Effects of front-of-package nutrition labelling systems on understanding and purchase intention in Jamaica: results from a multiarm randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of three different front-of-package labelling (FOPL) schemes on objective understanding and intention to purchase of products, in Jamaica.SettingSupermarkets in Jamaica.ParticipantsAdult supermarket shoppers in Jamaica (n=1206) aged...

Segmentation of consumers based on awareness, attitudes and use of sustainability labels in the purchase of commonly used products

Most of the previous studies that segment consumers based on the consideration of certifications and sustainability attributes in purchasing decision-making offer a limited vision, as focusing on specific labels or types of products, usually in the food sector. This paper aims to identify segments of Spanish consumers based on their awareness, attitudes and use of 28 certified sustainability labels linked to eight categories of common household products (food, clothing, paper and wood, cosmetics, electrical appliances, energy, computing and multi-sector). Likewise, it is intended to characterise the segments identified based on their environmental concern and socio-demographic characteristics. Data was collected from a survey study carried out with a sample of 3000 participants and the latent class analysis revealed seven typologies: experts, convinced, interested, moderate, sceptical, neutral and unmotivated. The segments differed in their awareness and attitudes towards different labels by product category, which was significantly associated with the purchase of certified products. The sectors in which a greater use of labels was appreciated were electrical, computing, and paper and wood. Young women with a high level of education and more environmental awareness were the most effective consumers when using certifications. In any case, it is concluded that sustainability labels do not provide added value for around half of Spanish consumers, who would benefit from measures such as legislative improvements, far-reaching advertising campaigns or high-order label systems to simplify the information on the packaging of the products.

A Novel Method to Generate Auto-Labeled Datasets for 3D Vehicle Identification Using a New Contrast Model

Auto-labeling is one of the main challenges in 3D vehicle detection. Auto-labeled datasets can be used to identify objects in LiDAR data, which is a challenging task due to the large size of the dataset. In this work, we propose a novel methodology to generate new 3D based auto-labeling datasets with a different point of view setup than the one used in most recognized datasets (KITTI, WAYMO, etc.). The performance of the methodology has been further demonstrated with the development of our own dataset with the auto-generated labels and tested under boundary conditions on a bridge in a fixed position. The proposed methodology is based on the YOLO model trained with the KITTI dataset. From a camera-LiDAR sensor fusion, it is intended to auto-label new datasets while maintaining the consistency of the ground truth. The performance of the model, with respect to the manually labeled KITTI images, achieves an F-Score of 0.957, 0.927 and 0.740 in the easy, moderate and hard images of the dataset. The main contribution of this work is a novel methodology to auto-label autonomous driving datasets using YOLO as the main labeling system. The proposed methodology is tested under boundary conditions and the results show that this approximation can be easily adapted to a wide variety of problems when labeled datasets are not available.

The EU Ecolabel as a mark of environmental excellence – a literature review

Sustainable development and the reduction of the use of non-renewable resources are gradually becoming central issues for the EU growth plans. In the face of those inevitable changes, the voluntary labeling system – EU Ecolabel – is gaining in importance. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature on the EU Ecolabel labeling system and to identify and evaluate the existing trends. In the course of the study, the main research trends regarding labeling were determined. Among the most popular research topics were those relating to a specific category of products. Within this group, the largest number of studies in the analyzed period concerned issues related to tourism. Of particular value are the publications introducing the basis for defining criteria for new products, which so far have not been subject to the EU Ecolabel certification. A negative conclusion from the conducted review is the low involvement of researchers from Poland in the studies on the EU Ecolabel.

Animal health warning labels in nature-based, ecotourism & wildlife tourism

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research note was to introduce a novel system of animal health warning labels to (i) contribute to better welfare (health) of animals used at nature-based ecotourism and wildlife (NEWT) attractions and (ii) provide a method to communicate to tourists in a language they are already exposed to daily. Two different frameworks inform the development of the proposed system, both of which are new to the tourism studies domain. The first situates an animal health warning label system within a ‘health and social-ecological systems’ mode of thinking, while the second focuses on the psychological, social, and philosophical mechanisms that determine participation at NEWT attractions. The research note concludes with policy, practice, implementation and monitoring recommendations.

An Eightfold Taxonomy of Harmonic Progressions, and Its Application to Triads Related by Major Third and Their Significance in Recent Screen Music

Abstract A hybridization of two recent innovations in music theory—a focus on the progression of two triads as a unitary analytical object, and a component-wise formation of a set of equivalence classes—brings together under one conceptual and labeling system eight different approaches to the classification of harmonic progression. A holistic adoption of these eight approaches, each already preexisting within music scholarship in some partial or complete form, affords precise and gradated statements regarding the styles, associative meanings, and hermeneutics of music for recent multimedia. To that end, this article pays particular attention to progressions of like-moded triads a major third apart, as demonstrated through analyses of music for the television series Bridgerton and the movie Ex Machina.

The Safety of Ethnic Foods in Campania Region: A Preliminary Study

Ethnic food is produced by an ethnic group-using their familiarity with local ingredients of plants and/or animal origin-and it is consumed in a country other than the country of origin. In Italy, the ethnic food market has expanded over the last three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correct labeling, the microbiological communities and the allergens present in 50 ethnic foods. The visual inspection of labels and microbiological and allergen analyses have been carried out for evaluating their food safety. The visual inspection of labels revealed the absence of labeling in Italian and/or a failure to specify the place of origin. Microbiological analyses showed the absence of pathogens (i.e., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli 0157:H7) in all matrices, but the presence of process hygiene indicator bacteria (total bacterial count, Coagulase-positive Staphylococci, Bacillus cereus, coliforms, yeasts and molds) was found in 37 samples. With regard to allergens, 12 samples were non-compliant for the presence of at least one allergen, while only two products were of species different from those declared on the label. This research highlights the need to increase the control of ethnic foods and also to improve the labeling system by standardizing international regulations.

Biologically Important Areas II for cetaceans within U.S. and adjacent waters - Updates and the application of a new scoring system

Building on earlier work identifying Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) for cetaceans in U.S. waters (BIA I), we describe the methodology and structured expert elicitation principles used in the “BIA II” effort to update existing BIAs, identify and delineate new BIAs, and score BIAs for 25 cetacean species, stocks, or populations in seven U.S. regions. BIAs represent areas and times in which cetaceans are known to concentrate for activities related to reproduction, feeding, and migration, as well as known ranges of small and resident populations. In this BIA II effort, regional cetacean experts identified the full extent of any BIAs in or adjacent to U.S. waters, based on scientific research, Indigenous knowledge, local knowledge, and community science. The new BIA scoring and labeling system improves the utility and interpretability of the BIAs by designating an overall Importance Score that considers both (1) the intensity and characteristics underlying an area’s identification as a BIA; and (2) the quantity, quality, and type of information, and associated uncertainties upon which the BIA delineation and scoring depend. Each BIA is also scored for boundary uncertainty and spatiotemporal variability (dynamic, ephemeral, or static). BIAs are region-, species-, and time-specific, and may be hierarchically structured where detailed information is available to support different scores across a BIA. BIAs are compilations of the best available science and have no inherent regulatory authority. BIAs may be used by international, federal, state, local, or Tribal entities and the public to support planning and marine mammal impact assessments, and to inform the development of conservation and mitigation measures, where appropriate under existing authorities. Information provided online for each BIA includes: (1) a BIA map; (2) BIA scores and label; (3) a metadata table detailing the data, assumptions, and logic used to delineate, score, and label the BIA; and (4) a list of references used in the assessment. Regional manuscripts present maps and scores for the BIAs, by region, and narratives summarizing the rationale and information upon which several representative BIAs are based. We conclude with a comparison of BIA II to similar international efforts and recommendations for improving future BIA assessments.

How do front-of-package labels influence the healthy evaluation of consumers?

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of front-of-package (FoP) labels on the healthy evaluation of Peruvian consumers. This relationship was examined in cases where snacks were healthy and unhealthy. In addition, the study included the role of three consumer purchase objectives (i.e. hedonic, healthy and weight loss) and two types of consumers (high and low use of labelling) in the healthy evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of 628 Peruvian youngsters aged between 16 and 24 years who frequently consume processed food. The research panel “QueOpinas” oversaw the recruitment of the participants through social media and television. Four types of FoP labels were studied in depth: Nutritional Warnings, Monochrome Guideline Daily Amount (GDA), Polychrome Guideline Daily Amount (GDA-Semaphore) and Traffic Light Labelling. A paired sample t-test and MANOVA were performed to evaluate the research objectives.FindingsThe GDA FoP label was found to be insufficient to promote a healthy evaluation. In contrast, the Nutritional Warnings and GDA-Semaphore and Traffic Light FoP labels had a significant and positive effect on the healthy evaluation of the snacks at a 95% confidence level. However, a comparative analysis of the labels revealed that some can be more efficient than others in promoting healthy purchase decisions. For the nutritional warnings (NWs) and traffic light FoP labels, the results revealed that consumers better distinguish unhealthy and healthy cereal bars when these products display traffic light labels.Originality/valueThis research topic has not been investigated in Peru and relevant research in this region is still incipient. In addition, the findings are important for policymakers as the findings will be able to implement specific labelling systems that will help consumers make healthier choices and support the debate about the effectiveness of the main FoP systems.

생활화학제품 함유 화학물질에 관한 리스크 커뮤니케이션

The consumer chemical products we use in our daily lives may contain chemicals that are considered hazardous or likely to pose a risk. Therefore, proper management is needed. As one of the management means, a method of providing information on chemical substances to consumers using the product can be considered. A widely used method is to display information on chemical substances on the outer surface or packaging of products. Recently, a system that requires business operators to provide information on chemical substances to consumers has been established.BR In order to increase the readability of the labeling in consumer chemical product subject to safety verification, improvement of the labeling system according to Article 10(8) of

Biologically important areas II for cetaceans in U.S. and adjacent waters - Arctic region

We delineated and scored Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) in the Arctic region. The Arctic region extends from the Bering Strait to the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, Amundsen Gulf, and Viscount Melville Sound. This NOAA-led effort uses structured elicitation principles to build upon the first version of NOAA BIAs (BIA I) for cetaceans. In addition to narratives, maps, and metadata tables, BIA II products incorporated a scoring and labeling system to improve their utility and interpretability. BIAs are compilations of the best available science and have no inherent regulatory authority. They have been used by NOAA, other federal agencies, and the public to support marine spatial planning and marine mammal impact assessments, and to inform the development of conservation measures for cetaceans. Supporting evidence for Arctic BIA II came from data derived from aerial-, land-, and vessel-based surveys; satellite telemetry; passive acoustic monitoring; Indigenous knowledge; photo-identification; aboriginal subsistence harvests, including catch and sighting locations and stomach contents; and prey studies. BIAs were identified for bowhead (Balaena mysticetus), gray (Eschrichtius robustus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), fin (Balaenoptera physalus), and beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) whales. In total, 44 BIAs were delineated and scored for the Arctic, including 12 reproduction, 24 feeding, and 8 migration BIAs. BIAs were identified in all months except January-March. Fifteen candidate areas did not have sufficient information to delineate as BIAs and were added to a watch list for future consideration in the BIA process. Some BIAs were transboundary between the Arctic region and the Aleutian Islands-Bering Sea region. Several BIAs were transnational, extending into territorial waters of Russia (in the Chukchi Sea) and Canada (in the Beaufort Sea), and a few BIAs were delineated in international waters.

'Feta is obviously very dangerous stuff looking at all those reds': Can nutrition labelling help people living with type 2 diabetes to self-manage their condition?

The consumption of a healthy balanced diet is the cornerstone of treatment for people living with type 2 diabetes (PLWT2DM). The United Kingdom recommends a standardised voluntary front-of-pack food labelling system which uses the green-amber-red colour coding to indicate the presence of nutrients in a food item. Research with PLWT2DM suggests that they may find it challenging to interpret the information on food labels. This paper draws from a larger study exploring nutrition information practices for PLWT2DM. The aim of this paper is to explore the experiences of using nutrition information found on food labels among PLWT2DM and their partners/carers. This study used a qualitative and mixed methods design, using a solicited 4-week unstructured diary followed by a qualitative interview with each participant. The theoretical framework drew on practice theory. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Nineteen PLWT2DM and one partner took part. Data consisted of 19 diaries and interviews. Almost all participants used food labels to help manage their condition; however, the colour-coding link with traffic lights appeared to overemphasise the need to avoid foods with red labels. Participants' beliefs about sugar influenced their food choices which in turn could impact on their nutritional intake. Highly developed mathematical skills were needed to interpret information about portion sizes. Healthcare professionals and patient support groups should focus more on educating PLWT2DM about how to interpret food labels so that they are able to apply these to their own food choices. Future research and development of subsequent versions of the food labelling system should include PLWT2DM to ensure that labels are both clear and relevant to them.

Forest Governance in Nepal concerning Sustainable Community Forest Management and Red Panda Conservation

This paper investigates issues confronting forest management and sustainability, focusing on the governance of the community forest user group (CFUG) initiative in Nepal. The paper begins with a literature review to give a general overview of the historical and current situation of forest governance in Nepal. It explores the historical impacts of unsustainable logging in Nepal and the World Bank Report, which both investigated and explored avenues for improving the forest situation, including community forestry. The paper outlines the development of community forestry, the legislative, regulatory, and governance frameworks underpinning this unique system of community-driven forest management, and its relationship to sustainable forest management (SFM). SFM in turn has engendered a market for sustainably derived timber and labeling systems for ‘good’ wood. The paper continues by providing an analysis of stakeholder attitudes regarding the current forest governance situation in Nepal. Furthermore, it provides another small case study on how such standards might be applied in the local community context of protecting Nepal’s Red Panda while simultaneously delivering sustainable forest management and community development. It concludes with a discussion on the need for governance standards for forest management and community forestry in Nepal.

Beer labeling is planned to begin on April 1, 2023

On April 1, 2023, mandatory labeling of beer will start working in Russia. The article presents how the new labeling system will work and what requirements manufacturers need to comply with in the new conditions.

Polymeric Photonic Crystal Fibers for Textile Tracing and Sorting

AbstractCircular supply chains require more accurate product labeling and traceability. In the apparel industry, product life cycle management is hampered in part by inaccurate, poorly readable, and detachable standard care labels. Instead, this article seeks to enable a labeling system capable of being integrated into the fabric itself, intrinsically recyclable, low‐cost, encodes information, and allows rapid readout after years of normal use. In this work, all‐polymer photonic crystals are designed and then fabricated by thermal drawing with >100 layers having sub‐micrometer individual thickness and low refractive index contrast (Δn = 0.1). The fibers exhibit reflectance features in the 1–5.5 µm wavelength range, characterized using insitu Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drawn photonic fibers are then woven into fabrics, characterized by near‐infrared spectroscopy and short‐wave infrared imaging, techniques commonly used in industrial facilities for sorting materials. The fibers’ optical design also enables the use of overtone peaks to avoid overlap with parasitic molecular absorption, substantially improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (and therefore ease and speed) of readout. The ability to produce kilometers of fiber that are compatible with existing textile manufacturing processes, coupled with low input material cost, make these a potential market‐viable improvement over the standard care label.