Encryption System Research Articles

Dynamic behavior of multi-dimensional chaotic systems based on state variables and unknown parameters with applications in image encryption

Abstract To explore the impact of unknown terms and parameters on chaotic characteristics in chaotic systems, this paper examines the effects of state variables and unknown parameters. The study focuses on different combinations of linear, nonlinear, and constant terms It primarily investigates the role of multi-order state variables and their application to chaotic system models of varying dimensions. Firstly, by simulating a three-dimensional chaotic system, the paper analyzes how different combinations of nonlinear terms and initial conditions affect the system's chaotic behavior. Secondly, it evaluates the chaotic characteristics of a four-dimensional system, combining nonlinear terms with unknown parameters, using tools such as Lyapunov index diagrams, sample entropy, and dynamic trajectory plots. Finally, the paper integrates the constructed chaotic system with chaotic mapping to develop a two-level key chaotic image encryption system, thoroughly assessing its security and resistance to interference.

A combinatory approach of non-chain ring and henon map for image encryption application

Algebraic structures play a vital role in securing important data. These structures are utilized to construct the non-linear components of block ciphers. Since constructing non-linear components through algebraic structures is crucial for the confusion aspects of encryption schemes, relying solely on these structures can result in limited key spaces. To address this issue, a complex non-chain ring with combination of Henon map based algorithm is presented. This proposed work aims to enhance both security and key space by utilizing complex algebraic structures. In this study, we investigate the use of unit elements from non-chain rings, establishing a mapping from the group of units to Galois fields to enhance the algebraic robustness of the scheme. A substitution box is constructed from Galois field and is applied in image processing. For pixel mixing, the Henon map is employed, and the exclusive OR operation is performed using a key generated from image pixels and the substitution box. The algorithm’s performance is evaluated using standard parameters such as histograms, Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), correlation analysis, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests. For S-box analysis, we apply the strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), linear approximation probability (LAP), and differential approximation probability (DAP). This algebraic approach utilizes a robust and state-of-the-art image encryption system that is highly effective against potential attackers.

Blockchain Based Cryptographic Algorithm for Data Protection in Electronic Voting System

The development of digital world created advancement of technology, by which the data services are electronically transacted. Electronic voting is used to improve the election system in several ways. But technical issues associated with protection of data, is considered as a major concern leading to illegal activities and threats. Some of the conventional methods used in securing e-votes are matching finger prints of individual, control unit accessibility, which provides decreased capability of attaining proper authenticity and security. Even several cryptographic methods are used for data security, but produced limited accuracy. So, to improve the reliability and accuracy of data protection in e-voting, combination of AES (Advanced Encryption System) and RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) combined with blockchain technology is implemented. AES uses larger key size which makes the data privacy robust. But encryption and decryption time produces decreases computational speed. So, AES is combined with RSA, as it uses shorter key length and easy to implement with block-chain algorithm, it is deployed to decrease encryption and decryption time, thus producing highly sensitive data security. The performance of the system is validated by calculating the encryption and decryption time, block size and verification time of original data with output data.

Implementation of National Defense in the Modern Era: Challenges and Strategies to Support National Security

Implementing National Defense in the modern era has its own challenges in supporting national security. In the modern era full of security dynamics and challenges, the role of technology and innovation is crucial in supporting national security strategies. This research aims to explain how technology has changed the security paradigm, discussing key aspects such as monitoring and detection, communication and information, cyber strategy, and the development of modern weapons. The research method used is a narrative review type literature review method with data collection techniques using Publish or Perish and Google Scholar. The research results show that the use of advanced technologies such as AI, sensors and encrypted communication systems has provided significant advantages in dealing with complex threats. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a literature review design. The findings show that the challenges in implementing National Defense are not easy because there are several factors that influence the implementation of National Defense and strategies that support national security. The conclusion of this article is that technology in the modern era has advantages in supporting national security and facing non-military threats.

Quantum Computing: Potential and Challenges for the Future of Cryptography

Utilising the laws of quantum mechanics, quantum computing offers unparalleled computational capacity, marking a paradigm leap in the science of computation. Quantum computers' capacity to upend current cryptography systems is becoming more apparent as they mature. the two-pronged effect of quantum computing on cryptography: on the one hand, it might undermine existing encryption algorithms, and on the other, it could pave the way for the creation of new, more robust protocols that are immune to quantum attacks. We take a look at the theory behind quantum algorithms, with a focus on Shor's algorithm, which poses a danger to popular public-key encryption techniques like RSA and ECC. We also go into post-quantum cryptography, the field that aims to make encryption systems impenetrable to attacks that use quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography has come a long way, but there are still a lot of obstacles to overcome. These include making viable quantum computers, getting past hardware limits, and dealing with the complexity of switching from classical to quantum-safe encryption. the significance of getting ready for a quantum future, with an emphasis on the continuing endeavours in quantum computing and cryptography research to safeguard the digital realm from new dangers.

Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence Modulation Using Dichroic Conjugated Polymer in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

AbstractNegative dichroic dyes are crucial for enhancing the brightness of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and modulating circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) through supramolecular co‐assembly. However, the majority of fluorescent molecules exhibit positive dichroism, and there is a limited understanding of designing negative dichroic molecules. In this paper, a novel design principle is proposed to construct the negative dichroic polymer by introducing through space charge transfer (TSCT) side chain structure to the polymer backbone. Specifically, two conjugated polymers (P1, P2) are synthesized using the Suzuki coupling reaction of two donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type monomers (V‐type M1 and I‐type M2) with fluorenyl monomer. P1 exhibits negative dichroism, and its orientational order parameter (SF) is up to SFP1 = –0.18. On the contrary, P2 is positive dichroism (SFP2 = + 0.27). This variation arises from the differing orientations of the rigidly functional side chains (SFM1 = + 0.07; SFM2 = + 0.31), which affect the alignment (parallel or perpendicular) of the polymer backbone toward CLCs molecules. This phenomenon facilitates controllable dichroism and precisely modulates the handedness of CPL signals, thereby facilitating the successful implementation of multidimensional information encryption systems in CLCs.

Towards next-generation DNA encryption via an expanded genetic system

Abstract Information encryption based on DNA data archiving, referred to as DNA encryption, has been advocated for decades and has become highly appealing owing to its remarkable advantages, e.g., high storage capacity, complexity and programmability. Early DNA encryption schemes primarily leveraged the natural four-letter genetic alphabet for data storage, with message-storing DNA sequences easily decrypted by routine DNA sequencing, which is consequently vulnerable to attack and faces severe security challenges. Here, an unnatural base pair (UBP), dNaM-dTPT3, was introduced into the message and/or index DNA sequences, which can be stored either in vitro or in vivo; this approach achieved the bioorthogonal encryption of “secret” messages, where message DNAs could be selectively, faithfully and readily retrieved or read exclusively in the presence of unnatural bases. Furthermore, a separative computational algorithm, named IM-Codec, was developed to encrypt the data into a “key sequence” (KS) and an “information sequence” (IS) through UBP insertion. Finally, a UBP-based multilevel DNA encryption approach was developed and validated for data encryption and decryption. The employment of the UBP expanded genetic system for data encryption should provide valuable solutions for archiving highly confidential data and thus usher in a new era of DNA encryption.

Stabilisation in an infinite time horizon by homomorphically encrypted first-order controllers with regular Pisot poles

It has been previously found that partially homomorphic encryption based controllers cannot operate in an infinite time horizon, unless all elements of their state matrices are integer numbers. Considering this fact and the results of a recent research revealing the role of Pisot numbers to act as the poles of integer state matrix based state space models involving no unstable pole-zero cancellation, the present paper aims to introduce some classes of realisations implementing first-order discrete-time controllers, which can be used in an infinite time horizon in encrypted control systems. These classes of controller realisations are obtained based on sequences approaching to limit points of positive Pisot numbers settled in the range ( 1 , 2 ) . An analytical procedure is also suggested to find the exact range of the controller gain for ensuring the closed-loop stability.

Dynamic Scattering‐Channel‐Based Approach for Multiuser Image Encryption

AbstractConventional scattering‐based encryption systems that operate based on a static complex medium which is used by all users are vulnerable to learning‐based attacks that exploit ciphertext‐plaintext pairs to model and reverse‐engineer the scattering medium's response, enabling unauthorized decryption without the physical medium. In this contribution, a new dynamic scattering‐channel‐based technique for multiuser image encryption is developed. The established approach employs variable, dynamic scattering media which are modeled as tunable aggregates of multiple scattering nanoparticles. The proposed system supports multiple users by allowing distinct combinations of scattering matrices for different time blocks, each combined with user‐specific complex‐valued coefficients, enabling the creation of unique, hard‐to‐guess encryption keys for each user. The derived methodology enhances the practical feasibility of multiuser secure communication and storage channels employing scattering media as the encryption mechanism.

Enhancement of Computer Network Communication Security Encryption System Based on Ant colony optimization Algorithm

In the digital era, the exponential growth of computer networks has heightened the need for robust communication security to protect sensitive data from breaches and cyber attacks. This research explores the enhancement of network communication security by developing an encryption system inspired by the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. ACO, a bio-inspired met heuristic, is particularly effective in solving combinatorial optimization problems, making it well-suited for the dynamic and complex nature of cryptographic key generation and data encryption. This research contributes to the field by showcasing how nature-inspired algorithms can revolutionize encryption systems, providing a secure and efficient solution for modern network communication challenges. The system ensures dynamic and adaptive encryption by continuously generating robust keys that resist brute-force attacks while minimizing computational overhead. Additionally, ACO optimizes data transmission routes to reduce latency and improve network efficiency without compromising security. Experimental results demonstrate that the ACO-based encryption system outperforms traditional methods in terms of encryption strength, computational efficiency, and adaptability to network changes.

Highly secure OFDM scheme based on multi-level masking and performance-enhanced key accompanying transmission.

In this Letter, we propose a highly secure OFDM scheme based on multi-level masking and performance-enhanced key-accompanying transmission. Our scheme exploits a four-dimensional hyperchaotic model and uses subcarriers and symbols to scramble the signal, thereby achieving chaotic encryption and enhancing system security. The dual-mode index technique is employed to conceal the key within the encrypted signal, enabling cooperative transmission of both the key and the signal. We conducted experiments that successfully transmitted a 28 Gb/s dual-mode QPSK (DM-QPSK) signal and a 42 Gb/s dual-mode 8QAM (DM-8QAM) signal over a 2-km stretch of 7-core fiber. The results demonstrated that our proposed key-accompanying transmission scheme did not compromise the system's transmission performance. Moreover, the key space of this scheme is as large as 10135, effectively ensuring system security. Under the received optical power corresponding to the bit error rate of 3.8 × 10-3, the minimum number of key repetitions in DM-8QAM that makes the key bit error rate zero is less than 9 times. This demonstrates that our proposed scheme effectively enhances the transmission performance of the key, achieving high-quality joint transmission of both the key and the signal.

Data Security and Access Rights Management on Anime Content Management Information System

In the increasingly developing digital era, data security and access rights management have become crucial aspects in information systems, especially on platforms that manage specific content such as anime. The Anime Content Management Information System (SIPKA) requires a robust security mechanism to protect user data, content and access rights in order to prevent security threats such as unauthorized access, data theft and content manipulation. This study discusses various methods and technologies that can be applied to improve data security and access rights management in SIPKA. Through literature analysis and case studies, this research found that implementing data encryption, multifactor authentication, and role-based access rights management (RBAC) systems are effective strategies in maintaining data integrity and confidentiality. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide guidance for SIPKA developers and managers in implementing appropriate security policies and technology to ensure the security and operational continuity of the system.

Secured Folder Encryption and Decryption

In today's digital world, when sensitive data is routinely targeted by thieves, strong encryption technologies are critical for preventing breaches and ransomware attacks. Our research solves this need by creating a Secure Folder Encryption System that employs AES-GCM (Advanced Encryption Standard - Galois/Counter Mode) and HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) to secure data confidentiality and integrity when stored on cloud servers. Drawing on research on ECG image file encryption using ECDH and AES-GCM, we choose AES-GCM for its high resistance to manipulation and unauthorized access, while ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) improves data authenticity. This method encrypts files before uploading them to the cloud, data is secure even if intercepted. In addition to a user friendly interface, the system is tuned for performance, evaluating encryption and decryption times and file sizes. Given the concerning trend of stolen encrypted data being sold on the dark web, as reported in recent headlines, our project offers a secure and effective method for safeguarding critical information in cloud storage

Improved fractal coding and hyperchaotic system for lossless image compression and encryption

Improved fractal coding and hyperchaotic system for lossless image compression and encryption

Feedback projection synchronization of discrete chaotic systems and its application to speech encryption

Abstract Chaotic systems are widely used in secure communication due to their sensitivity to initial values, unpredictability, and complex motion trajectories. In this paper, we study the encryption method of chaotic synchronization and introduce a scaling factor based on traditional feedback control synchronization to achieve more accurate projection synchronization. The effectiveness and robustness of the method in chaotic systems are verified through theoretical proofs and numerical simulations. A chaotic masked speech encryption system utilizing bit similarity is designed; the structural similarity index (SSIM) of the decrypted signal with the original signal is as high as 0.992866, while the SSIM value of the encrypted signal with the original signal is only 0.000030, proving the efficiency and security of the encryption process. Additionally, we analyzed the data transmission process of the encryption system. The fusion of the control signal and the encryption sequence into one transmission sequence in the channel not only saves hardware and software design resources but also reduces inter-channel interference and conflict, improving the reliability and stability of the transmission. Experimental results show that the system performs well in terms of data transmission security and anti-interference capability.

Enhancing secure storage and sharing of multi-image in cloud environments using a novel chaotic map

To enhance the security of images during storage and transmission, a multi-image secure storage and sharing system tailored for cloud environments is proposed in this paper. The proposed system incorporates a chaos-based multi-image encryption scheme aimed at generating ciphertext images with exceptional security performance. Additionally, a revocable identity-based broadcast proxy re-encryption scheme is introduced, which offers a more efficient and secure method for storing and sharing images. A novel one-dimensional sine-coupled quadratic chaotic map is proposed, the effectiveness of which is rigorously validated through extensive chaotic tests. Within the encryption scheme, a bit-level permutation technique with innovative reconstruction rules is presented, aimed at overcoming the limitations of traditional methods and achieving more efficient permutation performance. Furthermore, the proposed disordered random diffusion method adds complexity to diffusion trajectories by employing random pulses. The chaos-based multi-image encryption scheme employs a confusion-diffusion structure. The plaintext images are first grouped for pre-encryption, followed by cross-image encryption to produce final ciphertext images. These ciphertext images are then stored with assigned a random serial number, effectively scrambling their positions. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the key space is 2.205×1059, correlation coefficients are close to 0, NPCR and UACI values are very close to the ideal values 99.6094% and 33.4635%, and average entropy is 7.9993. It can be demonstrated that the encryption system can withstand various malicious attacks, indicating its ability to provide high security.

Semi-Analytical Solutions for the Qi-Type Dynamical System

The aim of present paper is to obtain approximate semi-analytical solutions for the Qi-type dynamical system, while neglecting its chaotic behaviors. These solutions are derived using the Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method (OAFM). The impact of the system’s physical parameters is also investigated. A special case, involving a constant of motion, is considered for which closed-form solutions are obtained. The dynamical system is reduced to a second-order nonlinear differential equation, which is analytically solved through the OAFM procedure. The influence of initial conditions on the system is explored, specifically regarding the presence or absence of symmetries. An exact parametric solution is obtained for a particular case. A good agreement between the analytical and corresponding numerical results is demonstrated, highlighting the accuracy of the proposed method. A comparative analysis underlines the advantages of the OAFM compared to other analytical methods. These findings have numerous technological applications, such as in nonlinear circuits with three channels that involve adapted physical parameters to ensure effective functioning of electronic circuits, as well as in information storage, encryption, and communication systems.

Advancements and Prospects in Large Integer Factorization: A Comprehensive Review of the Number Field Sieve Method

The Number Field Sieve (NFS) stands as one of the most effective algorithms for the factorization of large integers, playing a critical role in cryptographic security, particularly in breaking RSA encryption systems. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of NFS, highlighting its structure, key processes, and computational challenges. NFS is notably effective for integers larger than 110 digits and is recognized for its sub-exponential computational complexity, making it superior to other classical factorization algorithms. The core processes of NFSpolynomial selection, number pair sieving, matrix solving, and square root extractionare systematically examined to illustrate their roles in factorization. This study also reviews the latest advancements in NFS, including improvements in polynomial selection methods and optimizations in sieving and matrix-solving stages, which have significantly enhanced the algorithms efficiency. Moreover, the paper discusses the future prospects of NFS, emphasizing the need for further optimization to reduce computational resource demands and increase practicality in large-scale applications. The ongoing evolution of NFS continues to push the boundaries of cryptographic analysis, driving future research towards even more efficient factorization methods.

Anisotropic Coupling‐Based 2D Material Dember Polarized Photodetectors

AbstractPolarization photodetectors (PPDs) based on 2D materials hold great promise for ultracompact polarimeters due to their ability to directly detect polarization states. However, the existing PPDs based on 2D materials tend to focus on a single metric, making it challenging to obtain both a large polarization ratio (PR) and high responsivity (R). Here, black phosphorus (BP) PPDs are proposed under a nanowire configuration that enables large PR and high R simultaneously. Benefitting from the anisotropic coupling between the BP crystal and the nanowire geometry, specific light‐field distributions are formed under orthogonally polarized light incidences, through selectively exciting the localized surface plasmon and leaky‐mode resonances. A large carrier concentration gradient inherent to this structure is formed to induce a high response contrast and a large Dember current, enabling an ultrahigh PR ≈ 118.4, R ≈ 802.42 A W−1, and ultrashort response time ≈ 636 ps. Finally, a key‐free optical encryption communication system is constructed, demonstrating one of its promising applications.

Design, analysis and application of Non-Hamiltonian conservative chaotic system based on memristor

A new four-dimensional memristor conservative chaotic system (MCCS) is constructed by introducing a sine magnetic memristor into the Sprott-A system in this paper. Through the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the MCCS, it is found that the system is a non-Hamiltonian chaotic system, exhibiting continuous chaotic intervals and high complexity. At the same time, a series of special phenomena have been observed in MCCS, such as multiple stability, parameter-controllable multi-scrolls, bursty oscillations, and distinctive spike oscillations. Additionally, the correctness of the mathematical model of the MCCS is confirmed through analog and FPGA digital circuit. Finally, a synchronous encryption system with strong attack resistance is designed by combining MCCS with RNA algorithm.