Delegation System Research Articles

PREON: An efficient cascade revocation mechanism for delegation paths

In decentralized network-based environments, resource sharing occurs more frequently as computing becomes more pervasive. Access to shared resources must be protected allowing access only to authorized entities. Delegation is a powerful mechanism to provide flexible and distributed access control when a user acts on another user’s behalf. User’s rights/attributes are contained in digital certificates and successive delegations generate chains of certificates. When an access control decision related to a delegation path has to be taken, its corresponding certificate chain has to be validated. Validation of long delegation paths is a costly process that might be critical when constrained devices are involved. In this article, we propose a mechanism called PREON (Prefix Revocation) which is based on prefix codes. PREON allows a privilege verifier to efficiently check a delegation chain when cascade revocation is enabled. We show by statistical analysis that our proposal outperforms delegation systems without prefix coding especially for long delegation paths and high revocation probabilities.

Introduction: Ex Uno Plures. Welfare Without Illusion

Abstract Two competing visions of federalism have long held sway. The first is centered on the idea of an administrative system of delegation based on a geographic partitioning of the polity. The second view sees federalism as a bottom-up structure in which the larger polity is a construct of the smaller polities of which it is composed. In this edited collection, the object is to use these rival visions of a federal structure as a lens through which to analyze the various interconnections between the welfare state and its financing. Specifically, the claim is that the effects of federalism cannot be fully understood without consideration of the vision of federalism that the participants in their various roles adopt. The works collected in this special issue represent a selection of the papers presented at the conference “Ex Uno Plures. Welfare without Illusion,” held in September 2009 at the Faculty of Economics of Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, organized by the European Center for the Study of Public Choice (ECSPC).

Reformation Plan for the Classification System of Public Affairs in Korea : About the Introduction of the 'Legal Delegation System (tentatively named)' of Administrative Authority

Reformation Plan for the Classification System of Public Affairs in Korea : About the Introduction of the 'Legal Delegation System (tentatively named)' of Administrative Authority

A function-based user authority delegation model

User authority delegation is granting or withdrawing access to computer-based information by entities that own and/or control that information. These entities must consider who should be granted access to specific information in the organization and determine reasonable authority delegation. Role Based Access Control (RBAC) delegation management, where user access authority is granted for the minimum resources necessary for users to perform their tasks, is not suitable for the actual working environment of an organization. Currently, RBAC implementations cannot correctly model inheritance and rules for different delegations are in conflict. Further, these systems require that user roles, positions, and information access be continuously and accurately updated, resulting in a manual, error-prone access delegation system. This paper presents a proposal for a new authority delegation model, which allows users to identify their own function-based delegation requirements as the initial input to the RBAC process. The conditions for delegations are identified and functions to implement these delegations are defined. The criteria for basic authority delegation, authentication and constraints are quantified and formulated for evaluation. An analysis of the proposed model is presented showing that this approach both minimizes errors in delegating authority and is more suitable for authority delegation administration in real organizational applications.

Market-Driven Management and Relations Between Banks and Corporations

Many banks, particularly local banks, use standard evaluation systems that often do not allow specific and detailed analysis of the different businesses which, on the contrary, should be encouraged to improve their corporate performance, particularly by trying to demonstrate that they are containing the risk of probable insolvency. The need to recover a governance structure that is effective for a collaborative relationship with banks entails a review of how organs are composed, and of the appointment, delegation and remuneration system to improve operating effectiveness. This means paying even greater attention to the corporate culture and the construction of more structured governance models.

A pull system for delegating knowledge work

A pull system using kanban is commonly used in manufacturing settings to efficiently control the flow of goods. Its success in service operations is limited to processes similar to production lines when the output is repetitive. This paper examined how well a pull system for delegating non-repetitive output performed in an experimental setting of knowledge work, similar to what is found in many services. Results indicated that performance, as measured by completion time for cognitive tasks, improved under a pull as opposed to a push system of delegation. The improvement occurred with no change in output quality, stress levels, or satisfaction.

Trois ans après la décentralisation du RMI [Une analyse du rôle des caisses d’Allocations familiales

This article measures and assesses the main trends in effect in managing the Revenu Minimum d’Insertion (RMI) by the caisses d’Allocations familiales (CAF) since the measure was decentralised. In comparison with a preliminary survey in 2005 during the implement operation phase, the author analyses the developments in the role and position of CAF in managing RMI benefits withthe delegation system was introduced and the impact of decentralisation on organisation. The role of CAF has increased and a new cooperation relations with département authorities came into, resulting in particular in a heightened checking policy and an increase in requests for statistical data. Although CAF continue to perceive their partnership relationship with départements positively and, indeed, the decentralised RMI, they also note that their role as experts in the benefit and players in the policy has grown.

Designing for Flexible Interaction Between Humans and Automation: Delegation Interfaces for Supervisory Control

To develop a method enabling human-like, flexible supervisory control via delegation to automation. Real-time supervisory relationships with automation are rarely as flexible as human task delegation to other humans. Flexibility in human-adaptable automation can provide important benefits, including improved situation awareness, more accurate automation usage, more balanced mental workload, increased user acceptance, and improved overall performance. We review problems with static and adaptive (as opposed to "adaptable") automation; contrast these approaches with human-human task delegation, which can mitigate many of the problems; and revise the concept of a "level of automation" as a pattern of task-based roles and authorizations. We argue that delegation requires a shared hierarchical task model between supervisor and subordinates, used to delegate tasks at various levels, and offer instruction on performing them. A prototype implementation called Playbook is described. On the basis of these analyses, we propose methods for supporting human-machine delegation interactions that parallel human-human delegation in important respects. We develop an architecture for machine-based delegation systems based on the metaphor of a sports team's "playbook." Finally, we describe a prototype implementation of this architecture, with an accompanying user interface and usage scenario, for mission planning for uninhabited air vehicles. Delegation offers a viable method for flexible, multilevel human-automation interaction to enhance system performance while maintaining user workload at a manageable level. Most applications of adaptive automation (aviation, air traffic control, robotics, process control, etc.) are potential avenues for the adaptable, delegation approach we advocate. We present an extended example for uninhabited air vehicle mission planning.

Do Belgian parties undermine the democratic chain of delegation?

The Belgian party-archy violates the ideal-type chain of parliamentary delegation in many ways, insofar as political parties play a predominant role at each stage. They channel the delegation of power from voters to MPs, from Parliament to the cabinet, from the collective cabinet to individual ministers, and from ministers to their civil servants. Hence, they can be considered the effective principals in the polity, and many actors of the parliamentary chain of delegation, such as MPs, ministers, and civil servants have been reduced to mere party agents. The extreme fragmentation of the Belgian party system in combination with its increasing need for multilevel coordination have further enhanced the position of political parties in the Belgian polity. Yet, at the same time (since the early 1990s), Belgium has also witnessed a gradual decline in the informal system of partitocratic delegation and clientelistic excesses, thereby giving back part of their autonomy to some formal agents, such as the cabinet, top civil servants and some MPs. Still, one can wonder whether these corrections are sufficient to counter the strong outburst of public dissatisfaction with the way parties have run the country in past decades.

Unilateral delegation and reimbursement systems in an environmental conflict

How unilateral delegation by a citizens’ group with lower ability than a firm affects individual and total effort and the contest favourite under the two reimbursement systems are examined. A citizens’ group that unilaterally hires a delegate to represent them causes the firm to increase its effort level so that it always exceeds the group's delegate – irrespective of the relative strength of the two parties. In contrast to earlier work without either delegation or reimbursement, a citizens’ group that hires a delegate could now be the contest favourite; although it is more likely to occur under the asymmetric reimbursement rule.

Maximizing the benefit--minimizing the risk: the developing role of radiographers in performing intravenous injections.

Performance of intravenous (iv) injections as part of radiographer role development has become fundamental to the operational management of diagnostic imaging departments in the UK. Through discussion of appropriate areas, this review aims to highlight current issues pertaining to iv injection. More importantly, the framework described could be transposed to other existing or future areas of role development. Within a validated system of delegation, utilization of radiographers' skills in an expanded role improves allocation of resources and may increase radiographer motivation and provide career enhancement. Professional body accreditation as well as civil and employment law provide clear guidelines on medicolegal implications, valid consent and accountability. Implementation of an iv administration policy, based on Royal College of Radiologists guidelines, includes proper delegation of duties and safe administration of substances. This should help ensure acceptance of vicarious liability by an employer. Failure to adhere to these established guidelines could leave employers and radiographers vulnerable to medicolegal action. Furthermore, evaluation of radiographer performance, facilitated by clinical governance and departmental audits, should ensure effective and safe practice whilst minimizing associated risks. Evidence-based radiography will provide the necessary drive for future changes in practice as well as further expansion of the radiographer's role.

Is the authorization authorized? Powers and practice of the UN Security Council to authorize the use of force by 'coalitions of the able and willing'

This article examines the question whether it is within the Security Council's powers to adopt resolutions which authorize member states to use force. This question has gained importance since the end of the Cold War as such authorization resolutions have become the primary instrument through which the Security Council has acted in situations where the use of military force is considered necessary. The provisional conclusion is drawn that it is an implied power of the Council to adopt such resolutions. However, it is also argued that both the Charter system and principles of delegation reject carte blanche delegations and favour authorizations which respect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council in the United Nations collective security system. Before reaching final conclusions, the author examines the views of the member states and the practice of the Security Council. Member states find the model of authorization resolutions as such generally acceptable, although some states have expressed a concern for greater UN control. In its practice, the Council has to a considerable extent responded to this concern. Three specific aspects are discussed: the mandate and the duration of authorized operations, and reporting requirements. There is a clear tendency towards greater control by the Security Council in relation to all three of these aspects.

Gender politics in the western Balkans: women and society in Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav successor states

Gender Politics in the Western Balkans traces the development of women's consciousness in the lands of the South Slavs from the early years of the twentieth century, on the eve of the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, to the situation during and after the Serbian Insurrectionary War of 1991-95. The book embraces historical chapters, contemporary political analyses, and cultural studies (focusing on literature and religion). Socialist Yugoslavia undertook a relatively unusual experiment during the forty-six years of its existence (1945-91)-to eliminate the sources of social, economic, and gender inequality while laying the foundation for a society in which women and men could enjoy complete equality in politics, in education and careers, and in family life. Although the aspiration was shared with other communist countries, Yugoslavia gave its experiment a unique twist by linking its program with institutional changes to be realized through self-management organs and a complicated delegate system. The socialist system represented an improvement where gender equality was concerned over the pre-existing system associated with the interwar Kingdom of Yugoslavia, but it did not fulfill its promises. Recognizing the need for a book that surveys the experience of South Slav women during the twentieth century, Sabrina Ramet commissioned essays from leading scholars in East European/Yugoslav studies and women's studies for this volume. The resulting collection is arranged in rough chronological order, covering primarily Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia from before World War II until present day. Topics covered include the structures of traditional society, gender relations in the interwar period, anti-Fascist organizations, the socialist experience, and issues connected to post-socialist politics and the war, making this the most comprehensive and up-to-date book on the subject. Contributors are Andrei Simic, Thomas A. Emmert, Vlasta Jalusic, Barbara Jancar-Webster, Tatjana Pavlovic, Zarana Papic, Julie Mertus, Obrad Kesic, Regan Ralph, Dorothy Thomas, Gordana Crnkovic, Mart Bax, Branka Magas, and Sabrina Ramet.

Composing and combining complex designs from different project perspectives

A set of data manipulation and visualization tools is presented that act over engineering information from separate sources representing different perspectives on the same problem. The information is in the form of low-level transmitted data and enhanced data in the form of separate hierarchies that can be created independently by different (teams of ) users or by enhancing the low-level, external data while maintaining the external relationship for the purpose of updating. The separation of hierarchies appeals to some fairly pragmatic technological or scien-tific principles from the domain in question. The POISE mechanism presented here provides a way in which these organizationally distinct, discipline-specific information hierarchies can be accessed when answering a query and visualized for browsing or editing purposes. The control over this system of intercommunication between separate perspectives is by a system of message delegation. Responsibility for responding to a message passes around a small society of active objects that can each contribute their own partial knowledge. This technique of allowing objects to offer part of the answer to one original query marks a considerable expansion of the features of a design or project database. The importance of a scheme of message delegation, such as the one implemented in POISE, is that concurrent engineering projects frequently need to work with well organized but partial information sources. Manufacturing, product, and materials information manipulated for engineering decision-making purposes is

Personnel Placement Structure in Japanese Municipalities

In December 1996, the Committee for the Promotion of Decentralization, Prime Minister's Office, released a report titled “The Creation of Decentralized Society” in which entire abolishment of the delegation system and thorough review of the required controls in a local autonomy are taken up as a pivotal problem. In the event of the said project being realized, it is expected that the competence of the local government will be strikingly enhanced and an efficient renovation will be promoted in the field of the construction of the administrative system and activized placement of the personnel.In this study, we have explained the personnel placement structure, based on the questionnaire conducted by Sanno College, by the staff member's number in the autonomous systems at present.The results of the analysis are as follows: 1) The number of personnel of each municipalities depends on the population scale. 2) Almost none of correlation is noted between the number of the sector-wise personnel and the local index data which were collected with the premise that the contents and scale of the sector-wise duty would greatly influence the number of the personnel.Since now on, human resource control based on the review of the supply form of the administrative service such as the reshuffling of the business, the reduction and/or the out-sourcing of the jobs with low necessary, and so on will be required.

Delegate System Proposal

Delegate System Proposal

Yugoslav Women in Politics

According to its normative principles, the delegate system ensures the working people's direct presence in the assemblies (communal, provincial, republican, and federal), as well as a functional linkage of short- and long-term interests of individual sections of society and of society as a whole. This lends special interest to women's participation in the delegate system. This article examines the findings of research conducted in Slovenia, particularly concerning the special social status according to women active in the delegate system, the nature of their participation, as well as their attitudes to active political participation. Now that Yugoslavia is undergoing a crisis, pressure is brought to bear on women to yield their places on the labor market to men and—although the principle of sex equality is given much prominence in the country's life—to concentrate on traditional women's roles.

Le mécanisme du pouvoir et de l'autogestion dans la commune yougoslave

The mechanism of power and self-management in the Yugoslav commune. The development of the Yugoslav political and constitutional system has brought profound changes in the structure of power and self-management in the hands of the workers. The article describes the various forms of self- management, and the ways in which workers and citizens find expression for their views within the "commune" as a basic socio-political unit, and a self-managing community at local level. The mainspring of this mechanism is the original system of delegation (as compared with the classic mode of representation) which totally transforms the relationship between the citizens and the exercise of power: the "communal" assemblies, elected by the delegates, represent the basic organs of self-management and local power; in conclusion, the author describes the fundamental part played by socio-political organizations, social organizations and citizens' associations, all of them factors in the progressive socialisation of power in Yugoslavia.

THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN FRANCE (1) Uniformity and Delegation

THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN FRANCE (1) Uniformity and Delegation