Accounting System Research Articles

Practices of Management Accounting Techniques in Service Sector Public Enterprises in Nepal

Management accounting is the act of making sense of financial and costing data and translating that data into useful information for management and officers within an organization. This research aims at examining the practice of management accounting and the major difficulties in applying management accounting tools in the public enterprises of the service sector of Nepal. It also tries to assess the impact of management accounting system on the performance of sampled organizations. The specific survey research has been followed with a descriptive-analytical approach. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondents which were analyzed by the multiple correlation and regression model. The study employed simple judgmental sampling procedure to draw the samples. Out of the seven public enterprises in Nepal that operate in the service sector five were selected as the samples. The results revealed that there is a significant impact of management accounting systems on organizational performance. The study suggested to implement the effective managerial tools and techniques a separate managerial accounting department should be established within an organization. The study also recommended that academicians who have better knowledge about MA tools and techniques should put in the effort to develop environmentally friendly tools and techniques into practice and also to keep management accounting information system. It helps to keep them informed from time to time about every aspect of MA and its application.

Integrating Blockchain, IoT, and XBRL in Accounting Information Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Over the last few decades, remarkable technical advancements, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, blockchain, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, have emerged. These tools have the ability to change the accounting process. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on using the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) in a single accounting information system (AIS) to enhance the quality of digital financial reports. This paper employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, specifically, by adopting the widely accepted PRISMA technique. The final sample of this study included 309 related studies from 2013 to 2023. Our findings highlight the lack of literature related to the integration of these three types of technologies within a unified AIS. This study is extremely significant because it proposes a new research stream that explores the possibility of integrating IoT, blockchain, and XBRL in a single accounting system, yielding a plethora of benefits to the accounting field. However, the potential benefits of such an integration are evident, including enhanced transparency, real-time reporting capabilities, and improved data security. Our paper’s main contribution is that it is the first paper, to the best of our knowledge, to explore the integration of these three technologies. We also identified important gaps in the research and pointed out ways for future research to somehow take a lead in exploring further how this integrated system is affecting accounting practices.

Foreign experience of providing public services by notaries in the field of state registration of property rights to immovable property

The scientific article is dedicated to highlighting the foreign experience of providing public services by notaries in the field of state registration of real property rights in the following countries: Bulgaria, Belarus, Russia, Poland, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, USA, Australia, etc. As a result of the study of world experience, it was concluded that in order to effectively protect the rights to real estate of both private owners and the state, it is necessary to create a single registration system that will guarantee the reliability and transparency of the civil turnover of real estate. Ways of implementing foreign experience have been determined in order to improve the activities of the subjects of the public administration of Ukraine regarding the provision of public services by notaries in the field of state registration of property rights to immovable property. Attention is drawn to the fact that the Anglo-American system of registration of deeds regarding real estate objects consists in making an entry in the register at the free choice of the participants of the deed. It would be more appropriate to call this system a document accounting system, since registration is a technical operation. According to Anglo-American rules, the owner is the last bona fide purchaser of real estate. The transfer of ownership occurs as a result of the conclusion of the deed and possession of the object by the transferee. In the USA, the buyer must restore the entire chain of previous documents for the purchase of real estate. The deed can be declared invalid if the persons included or not included in the chain of transactions can assert rights to the real estate object. The lack of legal means is compensated by lawyers and insurance companies that specialize in checking the seller’s rights. Currently, the property loss insurance system is actively developing in the United States of America.

The evolution of accounting and auditing in the era of digital technologies: the role of cloud services and process automation

Introduction: the rapid development of the digital economic space in Ukraine has made digitising the accounting system a paramount issue. Ukraine’s integration trend into the European economic sphere has also contributed to this situation. Objectives: this research aims to analyse the current role of digital transformation tools in optimising the accounting system. Method: the study employed general methods of scientific inquiry, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, concretisation, and formalisation. Results: the research established that digital accounting transformation is an obligatory optimisation stage in developing the modern business environment. The analysis considered the feasibility and potential of implementing innovative artificial intelligence capabilities in accounting while ensuring adequate security measures. It was concluded that modern digital tools offer opportunities to streamline the collection and aggregation of accounting information through specialised industry software products. The identified risks associated with implementing artificial intelligence technologies into information systems were discussed. Conclusions: the study demonstrated that intensifying the integration of digital technologies into accounting processes can increase managerial decisions’ accuracy and efficiency.

Research on Carbon Emission Right Accounting Issues and Countermeasures

Against the backdrop of global climate change, China is actively promoting the construction of an ecological civilization and green and low-carbon development, and the accounting treatment of carbon emissions trading, as one of the important market mechanisms to achieve this goal, has become increasingly prominent. Although China has issued a number of accounting guidance documents on carbon emission rights trading, there are still a number of challenges and shortcomings, which limit the accuracy and comparability of accounting information and affect market participants' perception of the value of carbon emission rights. This paper firstly outlines the international accounting confirmation and measurement methods for carbon emission rights allowances, and comparatively analyzes China's current relevant regulations, pointing out the controversial points and deficiencies therein. In response to the above problems, this paper puts forward specific suggestions for improvement in the expectation that, to help the development of China's carbon emission right trading accounting system, to improve the quality of China's carbon emission right trading accounting system, to promote the healthy development of the entire carbon market, and to provide a solid accounting foundation for the realization of China's carbon neutrality goal.

Challenges and Controversies to the European CBAM from a Legal Perspective

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), proposed by the European Union to combat carbon leakage, presents a complex landscape of opportunities and challenges in the realm of global climate governance. This paper explores the problems and controversies surrounding CBAM, including potential WTO incompatibility, violations of UNFCCC principles, and complexities in carbon accounting. It also examines the potential impact of CBAM on developing countries and offers a range of suggested solutions. These solutions encompass designing domestic carbon markets in alignment with the European model, implementing policy and regulatory reforms, fostering China-European bilateral relations, and emphasizing international cooperation and adherence to established legal frameworks. Additionally, at the enterprise level, strategies to invest in green technologies, establish comprehensive carbon accounting systems, and adapt to the evolving low-carbon economy are proposed. By addressing these challenges and embracing these strategies, nations and businesses can contribute to a more sustainable and equitable global climate governance framework.

International experience of legal ensuring the management of Land Cadastres in Ukraine

The article describes the foreign experience of land cadastre management, which is a necessary element for the formation and improvement of the national cadastral accounting system, therefore it is useful for every country to use foreign experience. It has been established that in order to ensure the sustainable development of land relations in Ukraine, it is necessary to improve the current land cadastral system, but in the same way that foreign countries used, being at the same stage of development as Ukraine is now. It is well-founded that the state cadastre system plays an important role in the economy, law and management of the world’s leading countries, so their experience is important, especially since Ukraine does not have sufficient such experience. Moreover, the existing experience is even harmful, because it is built on the Soviet cost model of economic and regulatory assessment of land and technical inventory of buildings. It has been proven that until now, society does not understand the importance of cadastral registration of real estate in accordance with world traditions. The consequences of the state monopoly on land, buildings and structures of Ukraine’s Soviet past are traced in the exclusion of the term «real estate» from official use for many years. Until 1962, there was no cadastre, while the land cadastre of Great Britain has been operating since the middle of the 11th century, Sweden since the 16th century, and Prussia since the 18th century. The land cadastre in most countries of Western Europe serves as the basis for building and maintaining various types of cadastre and is based on land plots. Information systems have a significant effect in this. In most countries, objects of immovable property are firmly connected with the land. In order to solve the question, one should carefully study the original interpretation of the «single object of real estate», which is used in Spain and Great Britain. Apparently, in accordance with the principle of «a single real estate object», sooner or later Ukraine will also come to some certainty. Based on the analysis of world experience in this field, it was established that the registration of land rights occupies one of the main places in the compilation and maintenance of the state land cadastre. However, the domestic land registration system is not perfect and requires the development of adaptation measures to the conditions of the European Union (EU). Based on the legal analysis, it was concluded that the development of the national cadastre is practically in its initial state, which is why the experience of other countries is so important to us.

Analysis of the Implementation of Sales Accounting Systems with Based Payment Transactions Fintech MSMEs Telukjambe Karawang

The development of digital technology has brought transformation in society. Financial technology or fintech is a risk-taking service that currently helps many people, this technology is used in the economic and financial sectors. Fintech comes in various forms to help people overcome their financial and business problems. Additionally, fintech is becoming increasingly popular due to its fast and simple methods and services. This research aims to analyze the application of fintech in helping the development of micro, small and medium enterprises. The method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was obtained through interviews and observation. The data obtained is in the form of primary and secondary data. The results of this research state that the implementation of a fintech-based sales accounting system in payment transactions in MSMEs helps buying and selling transactions so that the payment system becomes more efficient and economical but remains effective. All interviewees from all samples have sufficient financial literacy because they have general knowledge about fintech payments, confidence and skills in using fintech payments.

Development of Accounting System for Participatory Community : A Case Study of Khao Kai Nui community, Phang Nga Province

Development of Accounting System for Participatory Community : A Case Study of Khao Kai Nui community, Phang Nga Province

Assessing Digital Solutions Adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in DRC

Purpose: This study assesses the adoption of digital solutions in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methodology: A Kobocollect survey was conducted in 13 cities across the DRC over a one-month period, collecting data from 459 SMEs. The sample comprised 18.53% of individual SMEs led by women, 60.13% owned by men, and 21.35% led by associations. Findings: The results show that only 15.03% of respondents consider ICT and digitization to be a new topic, while 75.16% of companies' systems are not digitized. However, 68.85% of respondents are willing to integrate new technology into their business control systems by digitizing their accounting systems, with no significant difference observed across income ranges (p-value=0.107). Digital literacy of users is identified as a key factor influencing the adoption of digital solutions, which is facilitated by adapted solutions that meet SMEs' specific needs. Capacity building and system trustworthiness are also found to be important factors influencing adoption. Furthermore, belonging to a specific income range is found to influence the adoption of daily reporting systems and market pricing (p-value=0.107 and p-value=0.06363, respectively). Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study highlights the importance of investing in SME digitization and the need for adapted solutions that meet management needs and price qualifications.

IMPROVING ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS USING NEURAL MODELING METHODS: PROSPECTS AND APPLICATIONS

IMPROVING ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS USING NEURAL MODELING METHODS: PROSPECTS AND APPLICATIONS

Contemporary Management Accounting System Practices and Managerial Performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks

Contemporary management accounting systems provide managers with the necessary organizational performance in commercial banks. The study examines the adoption and influence of contemporary management accounting system practices (CMASPs) on managerial performance within commercial banks in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The study treats costing, budgeting, strategic analysis, decision-support information, and performance measurement as independent variables, with managerial performance as the dependent variable. Employing descriptive and causal-comparative research designs alongside convenience sampling, the study gathered primary data from selected twenty Nepalese commercial bank branch managers and deputy managers using structured survey questionnaires rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) via Path Analysis. The study reveals that CMASPs function effectively, positively affecting managerial performance. These findings highlight the significance of CMASPs in achieving superior managerial performance within Nepal's commercial banking industry, offering actionable insights for bank managers and policymakers aiming to optimize performance through effective CMASPs. Future research directions could explore these management accounting system practices across different sectors and investigate advanced MAS practices and technological integration.

Развитие финансового и управленческого учета для повышения эффективности отрасли садоводства

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to develop approaches to the construction of accounting and information support for the production management system of planting material for horticulture. Methodology and methods. The methodological basis was a systematic and integrated approach to the study of the problems of accounting in horticultural organizations. Both general theoretical, universal, and specific research methods were used (monographic method; analysis and synthesis; statistical-economic, computational-constructive and accounting modeling method). Results. The article shows that in order to reduce import dependence, horticulture on an innovative basis has been intensively developing in recent years. The drastic changes taking place in the development of the horticulture industry necessitate a revision of the approach to managing this industry. At the same time, the construction of an adequate management system for the sustainable development of fruit and berry production is impossible without relevant accounting and information support for all management functions. The current state and development trends of the horticulture industry in Russia as a whole and in the Voronezh region are considered. The analysis of the dynamics of the laying of gardens and nurseries in the region is presented. It is proved that one of the key factors in the development of horticulture is the production of high-quality domestic planting material. The assessment of state support for the planting and cultivation of seedlings and young gardens was carried out. The conclusion is made about the inconsistency of the existing accounting and management accounting system for the cost of nursery products with the tasks of the management system. The scientific novelty lies in the adaptation of financial accounting methods to the requirements of federal accounting standards, among which accounting models are proposed for reflecting the facts of economic life on accounting accounts in the context of using various methods of evaluating seedlings; the development of methods and systems of managerial accounting of nursery costs in relation to options for the organization and technology of production of seedlings and modern conditions of functioning of agribusiness in horticulture; justification approaches to budgeting the cost of seedlings.

The True Cost-to-Serve in Nursing Homes: A Methodological Issue in Applying Activity-Based Costing

The healthcare sector is marked by intense competition, escalating costs, service personalization, quality standards, financial constraints, and increased demand. Healthcare organizations must implement efficient cost management systems to navigate this intricate environment. The debate persists in the literature regarding the optimal cost accounting system for healthcare: traditional cost-center-based or activity-based costing (ABC). This article delves into the factors influencing the selection of a suitable cost accounting system, examining the implementation of ABC in an Italian nursing home. A methodological challenge emerged during the ABC implementation, relevant to all healthcare facilities serving diverse elderly populations. The article explores this issue, evaluates potential solutions and their impacts, and determines the approach enabling managers to accurately assess service costs and uphold service quality.

Wartime Economics in Italy: National Accounting and Economic Planning

Abstract The article deals with the consequences of World War II on the study of national income and the changing approach to economic planning in Italy. I concentrate on Corrado Gini's original definition of national income in terms of well-being with respect to the meaning that will prevail after the war, which was instrumental for a planning policy. Both the development of an accounting system and attempts to implement economic planning contributed to the establishment of economic expertise and to the transformation of the language of economics.

Approaches to determining the cost of laboratory tests

Background. Determining the cost of laboratory tests is a significant factor in the context of economic analysis and management of clinical diagnostic laboratories. Information about costs allows medical organizations to plan operational activities more efficiently, optimize resource utilization, and exercise control over expenditures. These measures are aimed at improving the financial position and enhancing the operational efficiency of the laboratories.Objective: to review various methods for calculating the cost of laboratory tests.Material and methods. The study included the collection and analysis of publications on calculating cost of laboratory tests, determining their prime cost in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases, as well as in Google and Yandex search engines for similar “cost laboratory test” query. The regulatory documents of the Russian Federation in this area were considered.Results. For calculating the prime cost of laboratory tests such methods as direct costing, regulatory prime costing, total prime costing, activity-based costing (ABC), standard costing, costing for base service, department costing, cost-volume analysis are used. The ABC and standard cost methods provide the most accurate assessment of the impact of various factors.Conclusion. The approaches established by regulatory documents do not contradict each other and represent the implementation of total costing method. At the same time, a medical organization may use other methods for calculating the cost of laboratory tests, depending on the objectives of the analysis, the specifics of the laboratory and the cost accounting method adopted in accounting policy, the management accounting system.

УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ УЧЕТ: ИНВЕСТИЦИИ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФАКТОРА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ И КОНКУРЕНТНЫХ ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВ

This article discusses the main directions of management accounting research, taking into account the determination of the competitiveness factor and competitive advantages of an economic entity. The purpose of management accounting is to study information taking into account investment obligations, determine the competitiveness factor, and competitive advantages. The work proposes a classification (grouping) of factors influencing business. It is in the context of such factors that monitoring activities and management accounting studies should be carried out to determine competitiveness and competitive advantages. It is concluded that all business factors studied by the management accounting system are interdependent and interconnected. By studying, analyzing and controlling them in the management accounting system, a business gets the opportunity to control and improve its level of competitiveness.

COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES OF 4 AND 5 STAR HOTELS IN KONYA PROVINCE

In the tourism sector today, where competition is intensely felt and high risk and uncertainty are present, businesses need to effectively and efficiently use their resources to sustain their existence. Hotel busineses, established with high capitals, aim to increase their profitability by controlling costs in these challenging market conditions. Especially, hotel businesses facing situations such as seasonal fluctuations in demand and changing customer needs and expectations, need good management and accounting systems for both performance evaluation and strategic planning. At this point, the presence of management accounting, which provides all the financial and non-financial information needed by the managements and affects decision-making, is of great importance for hotel businesses. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the management accounting practices of 4 and 5-star hotel businesses in Konya province and to determine their current situation. According to the findings of the research, it has been determined that 50% of the hotel businesses have a separate management accounting department, and 58.3% have a separate cost accounting department. In terms of costing approaches, 66.7% have adopted activity-based costing, 58.3% have adopted full costing approach, and the standard costing approach, at 33.3%, is relatively lower compared to others. Moreover, it has been found that the use of actual costing, budgeting activities, performance evaluation methods, and strategic management accounting practices have a high level of benefit for the businesses.

Exploring the Usage Effectiveness of a Nursing Charge System.

The nursing charge system for inpatient accounting has been utilized in healthcare institutions for years. However, the level of its effectiveness in meeting the needs of nursing services, including further development, has not been systematically evaluated. A cross-sectional study based in Delone and McLean's information system success model was applied to explore the level of effective nursing charge system usage across the five dimensions of system quality, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction, and net benefits. We conducted a survey of the inpatient units of a medical center in Taiwan from June 23, 2021, to July 23, 2021. A total of 214 valid questionnaires were collected. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the dimension with the highest score was information quality (3.71), followed by service quality (3.37), user satisfaction (3.36), net benefits (3.31), and system quality (3.23). Older nurses ( r = -0.176) and those with more clinical experience ( r = -0.151) viewed the nursing charge system as having less information quality. The comfort level with using the computer was positively associated with system quality ( r = 0.396), information quality ( r = 0.378), service quality ( r = 0.275), user satisfaction ( r = 0.417), and net benefits ( r = 0.355). The opinions of nurses are vital. User feedback and advice should be investigated regularly to achieve system optimization.

How to account for nature-based solutions as the ecological assets that support economy and society

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are ecological assets that support economy and society with a variety of services. Through integrated environmental and economic accounting systems, it is possible to measure and monitor these services and eventually integrate NBS into decision-making processes. This commentary presents the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA), and in particular the Ecosystem Accounting modules where NBS may find a suitable format to systematically link changes in ecological assets with services and benefits provided to economic activities and people. If well structured, such information could significantly support policy actions through transparent cause-and-effect relationships.