System Module Research Articles

Dynamic characteristics of PX single loop gear train considering weak nonlinear factors of intertooth system

Due to the non-linear factors of the single loop gear system and the inter-tooth system, is sometimes difficult to establish an accurate nonlinear dynamic model, which leads to the large deviation between the dynamic characteristics and the actual situation. According to the structural characteristics and dynamic mechanism of nonlinear factors, the bond graph power junction with switching characteristics is adopted. This method is used to establish the model of the single loop gear system and the inter-tooth system respectively. On this basis, the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of PX single loop gear systems are obtained by numerical simulation analysis. Eventually, the dynamic stability of single loop gear system is judged based on this characteristic index. The study shows that the dynamic stability of PX type single loop gear system is unsteady in the nonlinear state. In addition, it is concluded that when the whole single loop gear system is unstable, its system module also has the same unstability.

Insights from UKCTOCS for design, conduct and analyses of large randomised controlled trials.

Randomised controlled trials are challenging to deliver. There is a constant need to review and refine recruitment and implementation strategies if they are to be completed on time and within budget. We present the strategies adopted in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening, one of the largest individually randomised controlled trials in the world. The trial recruited over 202,000 women (2001-5) and delivered over 670,000 annual screens (2001-11) and over 3 million women-years of follow-up (2001-20). Key to the successful completion were the involvement of senior investigators in the day-to-day running of the trial, proactive trial management and willingness to innovate and use technology. Our underlying ethos was that trial participants should always be at the centre of all our processes. We ensured that they were able to contact either the site or the coordinating centre teams for clarifications about their results, for follow-up and for rescheduling of appointments. To facilitate this, we shared personal identifiers (with consent) with both teams and had dedicated reception staff at both site and coordinating centre. Key aspects were a comprehensive online trial management system which included an electronic data capture system (resulting in an almost paperless trial), biobanking, monitoring and project management modules. The automation of algorithms (to ascertain eligibility and classify results and ensuing actions) and processes (scheduling of appointments, printing of letters, etc.) ensured the protocol was closely followed and timelines were met. Significant engagement with participants ensured retention and low rates of complaints. Our solutions to the design, conduct and analyses issues we faced are highly relevant, given the renewed focus on trials for early detection of cancer. There is a pressing need to increase the evidence base to support decision making about all aspects of trial methodology. ISRCTN-22488978; ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT00058032. This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number 16/46/01. The long-term follow-up UKCTOCS (2015 20) was supported by National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01), Cancer Research UK, and The Eve Appeal. UKCTOCS (2001-14) was funded by the MRC (G9901012 and G0801228), Cancer Research UK (C1479/A2884), and the UK Department of Health, with additional support from The Eve Appeal. Researchers at UCL were supported by the NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre and by the MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL core funding (MC_UU_00004/09, MC_UU_00004/08, MC_UU_00004/07). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care.

Implementation of a Butterworth digital filter using Python libraries

Formulation of the problem. In digital signal processing, noise refers to unwanted or random elements of a signal that can distort or corrupt its information content. Such noise can arise from various sources, including electromagnetic interference, thermal noise, quantization errors, and degradation of the transmission channel. It is necessary to deal with noise in a digital signal, as it can degrade the quality and reliability of the signal, lead to errors, distortions and loss of information. Moreover, noise can limit the performance of many digital signal processing systems, such as communications and audio processing systems. Therefore, various methods and algorithms have been developed to reduce noise and improve the quality of digital signals, the main of which is filtering. Target. Increasing the efficiency of digital signal processing systems using filters that allow you to programmatically change the signal filtering parameters. Development of a signal processing system in the Python programming language that implements the Butterworth digital filter algorithm. Results. The architectures of filters with infinite impulse response (IIR filters), features of the Butterworth filter are considered. A software model of a Butterworth digital filter in the Python programming language has been developed, and its verification has been carried out in relation to an audio file. The work of the model is based on the use of Python libraries such as Matplotlib, SciPy and Librosa, which allow you to implement the required algorithm and get the visualization of the signal. Practical significance. The results obtained can later be used as a module of a programmable universal digital signal processing system.

Using IoT technology for monitoring Alzheimer’s and elderly patients

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that results in the death of brain cells, causing memory loss, behavioral changes, and cognitive impairment. It drastically affects the individual’s work and social life, often leading to death, and is now the sixth leading cause of mortality worldwide. AD patients have limited mobility, which restricts their movement outside their homes. Thankfully, new internet of things (IoT) applications have made it possible to monitor people with various illnesses in their everyday lives, providing valuable assistance to caregivers. This study aims to create an IoT prototype that can locate an AD patient in real time and remind them to take their medication on schedule via an alarm. The small, lightweight, portable patient carrier has a NodeMCU-23DSP board, a Neo-06 global positioning system (GPS) module, and a wireless modem/Wi-Fi router. Remote patient follow-up through the Blynk 2.0 application on computers and Android devices allows for monitoring of the patient’s medication regimen and daily activities. As AD patients struggle with memory and organization, the prototype’s design enables monitoring of a patient’s course of medication, making it easier for caregivers to provide the necessary assistance. The prototype was tested to demonstrate its efficiency and performance.

Geolocation System Module Creation to Validate User Location Coordinates in an Android Application Using Flutter Framework

Geolocation System Module Creation to Validate User Location Coordinates in an Android Application Using Flutter Framework

Design of a High-Speed Rotary Ultrasonic Machining Machine Tool for Machining Microstructure of Brittle Materials.

Aiming at the problems of low machining accuracy and more serious tool wear in the traditional diamond grinding machining (DGM) microstructure of hard and brittle materials, this paper proposes high-speed rotary ultrasonic machining (HRUM) technology and develops a HRUM machine tool. The hardware part of the machine tool mainly includes the spindle module, micro-motion system module, ultrasonic machining tank module, and data acquisition (DAQ) system module. The LabView-based controlled machining control system, including motion selection, initialization, coarse tool setting, constant force tool setting, control machining, and coordinate display module, is developed. Comparative experimental research of the HRUM and DGM of small holes in Al2O3 ceramics is carried out in the developed HRUM machine tool. The results demonstrate that HRUM effectively reduces axial cutting forces, reduces binder adhesion, and suppresses slippage while improving tool-cutting ability and extending tool life compared to DGM under the same machining parameters. This technology has essential research significance for the high-precision and efficient machining of microstructures in hard and brittle materials.

Assessment and Mapping of Micronutrient Cation Distribution in Agricultural Research Station Soil: A Geospatial Approach

Aim: The objective was to construct fertility maps of the area, specifically focusing on micronutrient cations. The research aims to provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of micronutrients, aiding in the development of targeted agricultural practices and informed decision-making.
 Study Design: Soil sampling, soil analysis and soil mapping.
 Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj-Kota in 2019 and 2020
 Methodology: The study involved the collection of 300 soil samples, with precise coordinate’s locked using GPS technology. Soil variability maps for soil micronutrient Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu were generated by using Arc GIS 10.5 on the basis of latitude and longitude of sample site by using hand GPS device and analyzed sample data. 
 Results: The available-Zn of the soils ranged from 0.03 to 4.39 mg kg-1 with a mean value 0.61 mg kg-1, the soil falls under low (64.67%) to medium (30.33%) in available Zn. The available-Fe of the soils ranged from 1.09 to 12.54 mg kg-1 with a mean value 4.29 mg kg-1, the soils fall under low (58.00%) and medium (31.67%) categories for available Fe. The available-Mn of the soils ranged from 2.27-22.31 mg kg-1 with a mean value 5.74 mg kg-1, the soils of the farm falls under medium (28.33%) to high (69.34%) in available Mn. The available-Cu of the soils ranged from 0.32-2.25 mg kg-1 with a mean value 1.09 mg kg-1, the soil comes under high (57.00%) and very high (30.33%) categories for available Cu.
 Conclusion: Spatial variability map it was found that a high amount of Zn, Mn, Fe present in the soil of field number 14 and 12A compared to other fields. The possible cause behind this may be due to adoption of organic farming practices in field number 14 and execution of integrated farming system modules in field number 12A from some year.

Algorithms supporting carsharing service using the example of Panek Carsharing 2.0 platform

Purpose of Study: The objective of this study is to explore the role and effectiveness of algorithms in supporting carsharing services, with a specific focus on the Panek Carsharing 2.0 platform. By analyzing the algorithms utilized in the Panek Carsharing 2.0 platform, the study seeks to provide insights into their effectiveness in improving service quality, optimizing resource utilization, and meeting customer demands. The research objective also includes identifying potential areas for further algorithmic improvements to enhance the overall performance and sustainability of car-sharing services.
 Methodology: The paper was prepared with the use of the critical literature review method mainly in the field of sharing economy. In this method, the researchers examined academic and professional literature, articles, publications, and relevant documents related to car-sharing services and algorithmic implementations in the sharing economy sector. These sources served as valuable references to analyze and assess the role of algorithms in the context of the Panek Carsharing 2.0 platform and its impact on service efficiency and customer satisfaction.
 Main conclusions: The identified algorithms play a crucial role in the efficient functioning of car-sharing services. Vision algorithms are particularly important in monitoring vehicles, verifying users, managing the rental and return process, and ensuring safety. The designed and developed product, a complete system platform for carsharing service management, has been partially commercialized and deployed in the Panek CarSharing 2.0 service, which was launched on April 4, 2023. The investor and main recipient of the system continue to work on system development and the final implementation of the production version of modules that are still under development. The completion of work and full commercialization of the product, either as a complete system or individual modules, is planned for mid-2024.
 Application of the study: The findings of this study have practical implications for the carsharing industry and its stakeholders. Carsharing service providers can benefit from the insights gained in this study to improve their operational efficiency, enhance user experience, and optimize their service offerings. The study's analysis of the algorithms supporting the Panek Carsharing 2.0 platform can serve as a guide for other carsharing providers in developing and implementing similar technological solutions.
 Originality/Novelty of the study: This study focuses on the algorithms supporting the Panek Carsharing 2.0 platform, which is an innovative and advanced carsharing solution. The study delves into the functionalities and features of these algorithms, highlighting their significance in optimizing carsharing services.

Research Progress in Failure Mechanism and Health State Evaluation Index System of Welded IGBT Power Modules

As the performance requirements of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in various fields of power electronic systems are increasing, the IGBT power module package structure, aging mechanism analysis, and selection of health state characteristic parameters are of great significance to ensure the normal operation of power systems. At present, research on the aging failure of welded IGBT modules is relatively comprehensive and can be divided into chip aging failure and package aging failure according to their failure parts. However, there is some research on the relationship between aging failure and the characteristic quantity of power modules, but no definite system has been formed. Therefore, in this paper, the packaging structure of the solder-type IGBT modules and the aging mechanism caused by different aging reasons were summarized. Moreover, the health status monitoring of solder-type IGBT modules from the junction temperature, bonding line, solder layer, and package insulation aging health status monitoring and its quantitative assessment research progress was analyzed in detail. Also, the health state evaluation index system of the solder-type IGBT modules was completed on the basis of voltage, current, thermal, insulation parameters, and other characteristic quantities. Finally, based on the analysis of domestic and international research problems, the development trend and direction of the condition monitoring technology of solder-type IGBT modules is foreseen. The research on condition monitoring for welded IGBT module technology has a certain significance.

A Comprehensive Situation Awareness Measurement Method for Analyzing the Operators’ Situation Awareness of Multi-Module High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Plants

For multi-modular nuclear power plants under the scheme of multiple nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) modules driving a single steam turbine, the NSSS modules are coupled tightly with each other by the common turbine, giving more complex normal operation with respect to the single-modular plants. To limit the operation cost of multi-modular plants, one operator is assigned to monitor and control two or more modules, whose feasibility should be verified. Combined with the characteristics of multi-module control rooms and multi-module running tasks, this paper designs a comprehensive situation awareness measurement method that combines SART, NASA-TLX (NASA Task Load Index), and eye movement tracking methods. The SART, NASA-TLX, and gaze entropy are adopted to measure the operators’ SA, and a series of accident handling experiments are performed on a full-scale simulator to gain enough data for analysis. The operators’ eye trajectories on the human–machine interface (HMI) during the experiments are all recorded for calculating the gaze entropy. Both the SART and NASA-TLX scales are filled by the operators after finishing the experiments. The experiment results show that the difference in operators’ workload and SA amongst all the experimental scenarios is limited, even between the toughest and tenderest scenarios, indicating the feasibility of one operator driving two NSSS modules simultaneously.

Method for solving bunch head-tail overlapping in HLS-II using a new trigger scanning module of streak-camera measurement system

This study proposed a trigger scanning module for a streak camera to overcome head–tail overlapping of bunch to achieve absolute bunch length monitoring based on the unique machine properties of the Hefei Light Source-II (HLS-II). Furthermore, precise measurement of longitudinal bunch characteristic parameters and study of longitudinal beam dynamics is crucial, and this significantly contributes for observing longitudinal bunch behavior and evolution associated with current potential-well distortion and microwave instability. First, the scanning module is calibrated thoroughly to test its performance and applicability. Afterward, the module is applied to measure the dependence of bunch length on current under single-bunch operation. Moreover, potential-well distortion and bunch lengthening are observed. Results showed that the designed trigger scanning module is appropriate for the exploration of the physical mechanism of single-bunch beam behavior, which is crucial for the investigation of bunch characteristics and beam instability in storage ring light sources.

Intelligent Shape Decoding of a Soft Optical Waveguide Sensor

Optical waveguides create interesting opportunities in the area of soft sensing and electronic skins due to their potential for high flexibility, quick response time, and compactness. The loss or change of light intensities inside a waveguide can be measured and converted into useful sensing feedback such as strain or shape sensing. Compared to other approaches such as those based on microelectromechanical system modules or flexible conductors, the entire sensor state can be characterized by fewer sensing nodes and less encumbering wiring, allowing greater scalability. Herein, simple light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs) combined with an intelligent shape decoding framework are utilized to enable 3D shape sensing of a self‐contained flexible substrate. Multiphysics finite element analysis is leveraged to optimize the PDs/LEDs layout and enrich ground‐truth data from sparse to dense points for model training. The mapping from light intensities to overall sensor shape is achieved with an autoregression‐based model that considers temporal continuity and spatial locality. The sensing framework is evaluated on an A5‐sized flexible sensor prototype and a fish‐shaped prototype, where sensing accuracy (RMSE = 0.27 mm) and repeatability (Δ light intensity <0.31% over 1000 cycles) are tested underwater.

Auxiliary Power Supply System with Parallel-Connected DC–AC Inverters for Low-Floor Light Rail Vehicle

This research proposes a roof-mounted auxiliary power supply (APS) system for 600 VDC low-floor light rail vehicles (LRVs). The proposed APS system consists of five parallel-connected dc–ac inverter modules (modules 1–5). Inverter modules 1 and 2 are three-phase dc–ac inverters for the compressor motors of the air conditioning system, and inverter modules 3 and 4 are three-phase dc–ac inverters for the air pump motors of the air supply system. Inverter module 5 is a single-phase dc–ac inverter for the 220 VAC power supply of onboard electric loads. Simulations and experiments were carried out under variable load torques and output frequencies for modules 1–4 and under full and no resistive loads for module 5. The measured total input current and total input power of the proposed APS system under the full-load condition are 114.36 A and 68.84 kW. The total efficiency of the proposed APS system (modules 1–5) is 97.05%. The proposed APS system is suitable for 600 VDC low-floor LRVs. The novelty of this research lies in the use of five parallel-connected inverter modules, as opposed to the three-phase output transformer or isolated dc–dc converter in the early and conventional APS systems. Specifically, the proposed APS system requires neither a three-phase output transformer nor an isolated dc–dc converter.

Short Course Training on a Quality Management System for Pathologists, Trainees, and Histotechnologists During the African Pathology Assembly.

Provide quality management training in anatomic pathology so that slides are of adequate quality and can be interpreted. During the first African Pathology Assembly, we performed a needs assessment and knowledge quizzes, then presented 4 modules of the quality management system (personnel management, process control, sample management, and equipment) that are used to train quality in vertical programs by the World Health Organization. Participants included 14 (34%) trainees, 14 (34%) pathologists, and 9 (22%) technologists from South Africa (11), Nigeria (6), Tanzania (4), and other countries (18). Thirty (73%) participants took the course because they had interest in the topic while 6 (15%) did it because it was recommended by a supervisor. Most participants thought that the quality of slides was medium to high in their institution and that clinicians trust results. The most frequent quality issues cited included problems from processing to staining, long turnaround times, and preanalytical issues (fixation, lack of clinical history). The average result of the knowledge quiz was 6.7 (range, 2-10) before (38 participants) the course and 8.3 (range, 5-10) after (30 participants) the course. This assessment suggests there is a need for quality management courses in pathology in Africa.

Building digital twins of cities using the Inter Model Broker framework

Urban areas are becoming increasingly crowded, and as a result it is challenging to ensure that these areas remain liveable and accessible. Municipalities need to make strategic long-term decisions regarding urban planning, which is often a difficult and time-consuming task. Digital twins of cities can assist policy makers during this process, providing an integral view on e.g. traffic intensities, air quality and noise. Furthermore, a digital twin enables policy makers to simulate ‘what if scenarios’ in a scenario-based analysis. Digital twins connect data, analytics and visualizations, which requires a system which integrates all these aspects in a single framework. This paper presents the Inter Model Broker framework, which is a scalable framework based on which large-scale digital twins can be built. A key property of our framework is that all connected system modules hold the relevant data locally in memory, which means that no central database is required. The effectiveness of our framework is demonstrated in a case study based on the city of Amsterdam in The Netherlands.

Development of Critical Thinking-Infused Localized Learning Module for Alternative Learning System (ALS) Learners

Development of Critical Thinking-Infused Localized Learning Module for Alternative Learning System (ALS) Learners

Optimization of Bifacial Photovoltaics by Optical Systems Feasibility Study

Bifacial PV cells allow light to reach the cell from the rear, achieving rear side efficiencies from 60% to over 95%. The predicted annual bifacial gain in irradiance (rear / front) can be 5% to 30% depending mainly on the reflectivity of the ground (albedo). It can be increased by optical systems redirecting diffuse and direct solar radiation to the rear of the solar cell without solar tracking. The optical systems can work by the physical effects of refraction or reflection. Beside reflective gratings refractive prismatic systems can be applied, e.g., as micro-structures, which originally were developed to improve daylighting of deep rooms. Applications and production related variations are described. The arrangement of the optical system and PV module can vary according to the orientation and setup of the module, which may be in open spaces or integrated into buildings. The advantage of bifacial over monofacial cells is expressed by the “bifacial gain”. This is the additional part of the total energy that a bifacial PV system produces in comparison to a monofacial system with the same orientation and size. This additional yield is given in the literature as 5% to 30%, depending on the reflectivity of the ground and the cell type. For the redirection of solar radiation by micro-structured systems on HIT bifacial solar cells a bifacial gain of 51% to 68% can be assumed. These preliminary results have to be confirmed by tests.

ERP Systems as a Part of Business Digitalization Systems as a Part of Business Digitalization

Abstract Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP systems) represent integrated IT systems that have the role of incorporating a series of modules and functions necessary for the development of the organization's activity. The digitalization process took off about ten years ago, when more and more organizations were looking for IT solutions to make their activities more efficient. The need arose as a result of the large volume of information that had to be processed daily and for which the time allocated for solving these tasks was much too large. The current work aims to analyze the digitalization method of the business using integrated ERP systems, based on the bibliometric analysis of the processed information from the specialized literature. The bibliometric analysis is based on a statistical (quantitative) analysis of written publications that address the two key concepts: ERP systems and business digitalization. Bibliometrics aims to "count" the scientific publications or the authors who wrote about the two concepts. The obtained results show that ERP systems can represent a source for digitalizing the processes of a business, integrating the organization's activity in ERP systems with the help of modules that can be implemented. ERP system modules can be implemented for each department, integrating all processed information in a single database common to all departments, access to sensitive information being controlled by each category of users. The digitalization process offers the possibility of the organization to develop sustainably, thus being able to obtain a series of financial advantages as a result of the implementation of a sustainable plan at the level of the organization.

METHOD OF ULTRASONIC PHASE TWO-COORDINATE INFORMATION REGISTRATION FOR AUTOMATED NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING SYSTEMS

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the coordinate registration of information in means of automated non-destructive testing. Existing systems of non-contact registration of spatial position sensors of non-destructive testing are mostly focused on the use of signal fields of different physical nature, for example, acoustic or optical, which are created around the position of these sensors and amplitude methods of signal processing. These methods do not provide the necessary accuracy of determining the coordinates in the case of using small-aperture sensors of non-destructive testing.
 The basis of the proposed technical solution is the trilateration method. The distance between the emitter of ultrasonic vibration, which is structurally connected to the sensor, and the two receivers is determined by the phase method. This method provides increased accuracy in determining the coordinates of the sensor. Eliminating the ambiguity of phase measurements is based on the combination of the multi-frequency method and the numerical system of residual classes. This makes it possible to minimize the probability of incorrect resolution of the ambiguity of the results of phase distance measurements and to ensure high accuracy of coordinate determination (with an absolute error of the order of mm). The idea of the method and the main calculation formulas that make it possible to determine the modules of the numerical system of residual classes and the values of the operating frequencies of ultrasonic oscillations are presented. Matching the discretes for determining the phase shifts of signals with the modules of the numerical system of residual classes at different operating frequencies makes it possible to reduce the resolution of the ambiguity of the results of phase measurements to the task of restoring integers in the positional counting system from their representation by residuals in the numerical system of residual classes. The mechanism of occurrence of gross errors in the recovery of whole numbers is considered. An algorithm for eliminating this error is proposed. In general, the correctness of the algorithm for determining the sensor coordinates is confirmed by the simulation results. The considered method of two-coordinate information registration can be used both in the development of new automated means of non-destructive testing, and for the improvement of existing ones, which involve a manual method of scanning the surface of testing objects.

Towards Detecting Influential Members and Critical Topics from Dark Web Forums

Conventionally, the Internet consists of three parts: Surface, Deep, and Dark Webs. Inthe last two decades, a massive increase in illicit activities took place on the differentplatforms of the Dark Web. Moreover, social networks on Dark Web implicateextremism dissemination on a wide scale. In this paper, we propose an approach togenerate textual patterns from discussions on Dark Web terrorist forums employingData Mining techniques. The discovered patterns help identify the influential membersand extract critical topics. We describe our system modules that perform datapreprocessing, text preprocessing with TF-IDF weighting, outlier detection, clusteringevaluation, clustering, and clustering validation, implemented with the RapidMinertool. We apply K-Means as the Clustering method with different distance metrics,evaluate the clustering process using Elbow and Silhouette methods, and validate itusing Davies-Bouldin Index. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of altering thedistance metrics for outlier detection on the Clustering results.