System Measures Research Articles

Recognition of Wheel Polygon Based on W/R Force Measurement by Piezoelectric Sensors in GSM-R Network

The influence of polygonal wheels on vehicle dynamic responses and condition monitoring measurement, are a focal point of research to ensure operation safety and improve service quality of high speed railway transportation. Wheel defects are commonly identified by the detection of wheel–rail (W/R) contact forces based on installing strain gauge on wheelsets or rails. Compared with strain gauge, PVDF piezoelectric sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency response, vast dynamic range, and perfect electromagnetic-immune property. Hence, a measure system to recognize wheel polygon based on W/R force measurement by PVDF strain sensors in Railroad network is built, which has long distance and high stability. On the basis of W/R contact forces derived from wheel polygon impacts, the measured PVDF strain sensor response is processed to generate an index that reflects the condition of wheel polygon. An automatic remote condition monitoring system is designed under GSM-R transmission lines. The preliminary experimental results showed that this system is suitable for complex electromagnetic environment and stable demands of high speed railways.

Design and Implementation a Measurement System for Aircraft Cabin Heat Comfort Test

A measure system is designed for aircraft cabin thermal comfort test, which can measure temperature, wind speed, humidity, pressure, flux, position parameters. The test results can be used to calibrate the model of temperature field simulation and cabin flow field simulation. The system synchronization accuracy is achieved 1mS. The measure system uses distributed configuration which comprises many measure cells. Test datum in the cabin can be set parameters and controlled re are transmitted to computer via internet. The measure equipment motely via internet, so that the measurement interfere affected by human activities can be reduced and the measurement accuracy can be improved. The measure system can communicate with instrument installation, making the cabin airflow field test automatism come true.

Time series difference of collaborative evolution of industrial structure of the urban agglomeration along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

The urban agglomeration along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the most important regional economic poles in China and its industrial structure is the key to the economic growth of this region. Based on the methodology of system theory and synergy, this paper constructs the 'concentration-deviation' measure system of industrial collaborative development. According to the 'concentration-deviation' assessment of the evolution of industrial structure of the urban agglomeration along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2004 to 2014, the paper points out the features and problems concerning optimisation of industrial structure and then offers strategies accordingly.

Time series difference of collaborative evolution of industrial structure of the urban agglomeration along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

The urban agglomeration along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the most important regional economic poles in China and its industrial structure is the key to the economic growth of this region. Based on the methodology of system theory and synergy, this paper constructs the 'concentration-deviation' measure system of industrial collaborative development. According to the 'concentration-deviation' assessment of the evolution of industrial structure of the urban agglomeration along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2004 to 2014, the paper points out the features and problems concerning optimisation of industrial structure and then offers strategies accordingly.

The Investigation of Anti-Jamming Technology For Temperature Measure System in Spacecraft Thermal Test

At present, the spacecraft thermal test temperature measurement system has not been designed effectively. In the spacecraft experiment, the defects of anti-interference ability and system instability are exposed. Firstly, the composition and status of the temperature measurement system of spacecraft thermal test are analyzed. And then we set up a system to interfere with fault tree according to existing problems, locate the problem and determine the source of the interference. Finally, the anti-interference scheme and implementation are developed, and the test data of anti-interference test system is set up. The anti - jamming performance of the anti - jamming scheme of thermal test temperature acquisition system was evaluated. The results show that it can improve the anti-jamming capability of the spacecraft thermal test temperature acquisition system and improve the stability of the system.

Networking of Tracking Radars of Two Different SAM Weapons to Protect the Missile in Intensive Jamming Environment

<p class="p1">Many countries including India use the Russian made SAM-3 (Pechora) surface-to-air missile (SAM) weapon systems to protect their strategic and tactical infrastructure. The mathematical computations done in this paper, conclusively prove<span class="s1">s </span>that SA-125 low-blow tracking radar of Pechora is vulnerable to jamming. A project was undertaken to overcome the jamming vulnerability of Pechora aiming to design and develop an electronic counter counter measure system. This system networked the Pechora tracking radar with a western tracking radar, Flycatcher, developed by HSA Holland. The latter radar works in a MMW band. When jamming (x band) is employed by enemy aircraft the Low blow radar failed to provide target coordinates. But the flycatcher tracking radar which is tracking in Ka band provided the tracking coordinates (after parallax correction) to the command guidance computer. This way the missile guidance is protected until missile warhead in missile blasts near the target. Extensive trials carried out with a number of aircraft sorties proved the success of this developed system against jamming.</p>

Control of a hybrid active-passive vibration isolation system

Precision vibration control is a major issue in nanotechnology. In particular, nano-precision measurement systems such as Atomic force microscopes (AFM) and Scanning probe microscopes (SPM) are sensitive to ground vibrations. The amplitude of a ground vibration is typically sub-micrometer and ground vibrations adversely affect both the precision and accuracy of these measuring equipment. Consequently, hybrid active-passive vibration isolation systems are typically used as they reduce ground vibrations. This paper presents a hybrid vibration isolation system composed of four spiral metal springs for passive isolation and eight voice coil motors for active isolation. H-infinite and Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers are applied to its 6-DOF vibration control system using six velocity sensors to measure system vibrations. The transmissibility of the presented hybrid isolation system is in the range -10 to -48 dB at its passive resonance frequency and is at least -4 dB better than hybrid isolation systems employing acceleration sensors. The results of various tests conducted to verify the control performance of the developed system with a separately developed shaker indicate that it can serve as a bench-top device for precision measurement machines.

Dielectric properties and point defect behavior of antimony oxide doped Ti deficient barium strontium titanate ceramics

Abstract The microstructures and dielectric properties of Sb2O3-doped Ti deficient barium strontium titanate ceramics prepared by solid state method were investigated with non-stoichiometric level and Sb2O3 content by SEM, XRD and LCR measure system. It is found that with the increase of δ, (Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti1–δO3–2δ ceramics transform from single phase solid solutions with typical cubic perovskite structure to multiphase compounds while (Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti0.998O2.996 ceramics remain to be single-phase with the increasing Sb2O3 content. The distortion of the ABO3 perovskite lattice caused by VTi″″ and Vo•• induces the drop of Curie temperature and the rise of relative dielectric constant in (Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti1–δO3–2δ ceramics with increasing δ value. The orientation of Vo•• elastic dipoles results in the domain-wall pinning and thus the reduction of the dielectric loss. With increasing Sb2O3 content, the relative dielectric constant, dielectric constant maximum and Curie temperature of (Ba0.75Sr0.25)Ti0.998O2.996 ceramics decrease dramatically while the dielectric loss increases.

Composite eco-efficiency indicators for China based on data envelopment analysis

Eco-efficiency is of great significance in facilitating a region’s sustainable development. However, there are some inconsistencies among the concepts and also relationships of eco-efficiency and its relevant efficiencies in recent studies. This paper integrates eco-efficiency and three related-efficiencies (economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and environmental efficiencies) into a total-factor analysis framework, regarding them as composite eco-efficiency indicators. Employing a new data envelopment analysis approach, named Meta-US-SBM, which considers meta-frontier, undesirable outputs, super efficiency, and slacks simultaneously, the measure system of these four efficiencies is established. An empirical study is conducted using Chinese provincial data from 2001 to 2014. Results indicate that, overall, the regional economic efficiency is better than other related efficiency indicators. Furthermore, different provinces are adopting different development modes, as denoted by significant heterogeneity among eco-efficiency indicators.

Freeway Driving Cycle Construction Based on Real-Time Traffic Information and Global Optimal Energy Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a freeway driving cycle (FDC) construction method based on traffic information. A float car collected different type of roads in California and we built a velocity fragment database. We selected a real freeway driving cycle (RFDC) and established the corresponding time traffic information tensor model by using the data in California Department of Transportation performance measure system (PeMS). The correlation of road velocity in the time dimension and spatial dimension are analyzed. According to the average velocity of road sections at different times, the kinematic fragments are stochastically selected in the velocity fragment database to construct a real-time FDC of each section. The comparison between construction freeway driving cycle (CFDC) and real freeway driving cycle (RFDC) show that the CFDC well reflects the RFDC characteristic parameters. Compared to its application in plug-in electric hybrid vehicle (PHEV) optimal energy management based on a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm, CFDC and RFDC fuel consumption are similar within approximately 5.09% error, and non-rush hour fuel economy is better than rush hour 3.51 (L/100 km) at non-rush hour, 4.29 (L/km) at rush hour)). Moreover, the fuel consumption ratio can be up to 13.17% in the same CFDC at non-rush hour.

The dielectric properties and phase transition of Ho2O3 modified barium strontium titanate ceramics for capacitor applications

The microstructure and dielectric properties of Ho2O3 doped (Ba0.75Sr0.25)TiO3 ceramics prepared by conventional solid state method were studied using XRD, SEM, EDS and LCR measure system. It is found that the Ho3+ ions initially substitute the host ions of (Ba0.75Sr0.25)TiO3 perovskite lattice and then participate in the formation of secondary phase when Ho2O3 content reaches up to 9 wt%. The average grain size of (Ba0.75Sr0.25)TiO3 ceramics decreases with the increasing Ho2O3 concentration. The Curie temperature and the orthorhombic?tetragonal phase transformation temperature decrease with the increase of Ho2O3 content. The relative dielectric constant maximum as well as the relative dielectric constant at room temperature is enhanced and then restrained as the Ho2O3 content increases. The diffuseness of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition resulting from the composition fluctuation and the grain boundary effect is exacerbated significantly as the Ho2O3 addition content increases, which improves the temperature stability of the relative dielectric constant in (Ba0.75Sr0.25)TiO3 system.

Transient Performance Analysis of Closed Production Lines With Bernoulli Machines, Finite Buffers, and Carriers

In many manufacturing systems, each piece of intermediate product is attached to a dedicated carrier (e.g., pallet, skid, fixture, etc.) throughout the entire process for material handling and/or transportation purposes. Once a part finishes all processing steps, the associated carrier will be removed and returned to the front of the production process to pick up new incoming parts. We referred to production systems operating in such manner as “closed.” In the current literature, available results on closed production systems are very limited. In this paper, we study transient performance of closed serial lines with machines that operate according to the Bernoulli reliability model. Specifically, exact mathematical model for the system considered is derived based on Markov analysis. Then, formulas for calculating the system's performance measures during transients are obtained based on the model. An approximation method is proposed to estimate a closed Bernoulli line's performance in completing a finite production run. Finally, properties of finite production run-based closed Bernoulli lines during transient are investigated.

Dynamic Similarity Measure System for Efficient Management and Search of Distributed Security Information

Dynamic Similarity Measure System for Efficient Management and Search of Distributed Security Information

Design and force analysis of end-effector for plug seedling transplanter.

Automatic transplanters have been very important in greenhouses since the popularization of seedling nurseries. End-effector development is a key technology for transplanting plug seedlings. Most existing end-effectors have problems with holding root plugs or releasing plugs. An efficient end-effector driven by a linear pneumatic cylinder was designed in this study, which could hold root plugs firmly and release plugs easily. This end-effector with four needles could clamp the plug simultaneously while the needles penetrate into the substrate. The depth and verticality of the needles could be adjusted conveniently for different seedling trays. The effectiveness of this end-effector was tested by a combinational trial examining three seedling nursery factors (the moisture content of the substrate, substrate bulk density and the volume proportion of substrate ingredients). Results showed that the total transplanting success rate for the end-effector was 100%, and the root plug harm rate was below 17%. A force measure system with tension and pressure transducers was installed on the designed end-effector. The adhesive force FL between the root plug and the cell of seedling trays and the extrusion force FK on the root plug were measured and analyzed. The results showed that all three variable factors and their interactions had significant effects on the extrusion force. Each factor had a significant effect on adhesive force. Additionally, it was found that the end-effector did not perform very well when the value of FK/FL was beyond the range of 5.99~8.67. This could provide a scientific basis for end-effector application in transplanting.

Performance measurement system and strategies for developing low-carbon logistics: A case study in China

With increasing global warming and environmental degradation, green and low-carbon development mode has being more and more widely accepted in the world. The lack of performance measure system (PMS) and unknown development strategies in the low-carbon context hinder the development low-carbon logistics in China. Motivated by this, our research investigates some important issues in developing low-carbon logistics. Based on the triple bottom line framework, a general PMS with 42 indicators from 12 dimensions is developed for evaluating the low-carbon logistics by using the method of multiple-case study and literature analysis. Eight representative and leading logistics enterprises from different logistics sub-sectors in the western China are selected as case enterprises. The barriers and strategies for developing low-carbon logistics are then identified based on 6 propositions. The barriers include the lack of low-carbon awareness, the inconsistency and incompleteness in policies and regulations, the scarcity of qualified logistics professionals, the unreasonable infrastructure and facilities, the low efficiency in logistics operations management, and the disordered transport modes. Effective coping strategies are proposed to deal with these barriers from the 6 perspectives based on the case study. We argue that if these strategies can be implemented well, low-carbon logistics can be developed well in China.

A production-emission nexus based stochastic-fuzzy model for identification of urban industry-environment policy under uncertainty

In this study, a hybrid production-emission nexus based stochastic-fuzzy production planning and air pollution management model (PE-SF-PP) can be proposed for coordinating industrial activities and environmental protection under multiple uncertainties. It can not only handle objective uncertainties expressed as probability and possibility distributions, but also quantify subjective imprecision presented as fuzzy sets with risk-preference attitudes in a production planning and air pollution management issue (PPM). The proposed PE-SF-PP model is applied to a practical PPM in the Beijing city for identifying current urban industry-environment policies. Results of production reduction, industrial layout pattern, production mode, pollutant control measure selection, retreatment efficiency, industrial productivity, and system benefit under various environmental regulation scenarios are analyzed. The obtained results can support policymakers adjusting current strategies with sustainable and robust manner, which can be beneficial to construct a cleaner production mode and optimized industry-environment policy for alleviating urban production-emission conflict.

Development of a quick serum IL-6 measuring system in rheumatoid arthritis

ObjectiveInterleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both fulfillment of remission criteria and assessment of other methods of evaluation of RA are important for preventing joint damage progression. Measurement of serum IL-6 concentrations has been reported to be useful for monitoring RA disease activity. However, it takes at least 4–5h to measure serum IL-6 concentrations using traditional methods, which limits its utility during routine assessment in daily clinical practice settings. We established a novel method that enables measurement of serum IL-6 within 24min and requires a very small blood volume. We investigated the accuracy and efficacy of this system in RA patients. MethodsOne hundred fifty blood samples collected from 76 patients were measured using the two systems. We first developed the prototype of the Human IL-6 RAYFAST. Then, we examined the correlation between the prototype RAYFAST and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) methods. Finally, we compared IL-6 concentrations and clinical parameters using both systems. ResultsThe correlation between RAYFAST (x) and CLEIA (y) for IL-6 was y=0.895x−5.94, r=0.941 (p<0.0001). Serum IL-6 concentrations in RAYFAST correlated with DAS28-CRP (r=0.372, p<0.05) and DAS28-ESR (r=0.397, p<0.01). Serum IL-6 concentrations in CLEIA correlated with DAS28-CRP (r=0.313, p<0.001) and DAS28-ESR (r=0.353, p<0.001). ConclusionThis new cytokine quick measure system is as accurate as CLEIA methods. Serum IL-6 concentrations can be measured in 24min using the prototype RAYFAST. It might be usable in the daily clinical practice setting, thereby contributing to improved RA management.

Study on Quality Management of Software Development of Measure and Control System

Based on parameters of software of big complex measure and control system, the layered model of technology and method of quality control are presented here. This technology can be applied into quality control of software development of complex system to solidify the technology state of software. Then, the reliability of software is enhanced. With real applications of command and control system, the feasibility of the method is validated.

Attitude measure system based on extended Kalman filter for multi-rotors

Attitude measure is the basis of multi-rotors flight control. An attitude measure system was constructed based on MEMS gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer to realize three-axis attitude measure of multi-rotors. The system included STM32F103 as controller, integrated accelerometer and gyroscope MPU6050, magnetometer HMC5883 as measure sensors. A sensor fusion quaternion-based extended Kalman filter compliant with this system was proposed. The attitude quaternion and the gyroscope bias were introduced as state vector, the acceleration and the magnetic measured by accelerometer and magnetometer were introduced as observation vector. Extended Kalman filter combined the nice performance of gyroscope in dynamic with accelerometer and magnetometer in static. The optimized covariance value combination can improve the accuracy of attitude estimation and had excellent tracking performance in dynamic. The measure system based on extended Kalman filter was testified and analyzed by static and dynamic tests. Experiment results illustrated that the system can obtain the information of each sensor. The attitude measure system based on extended Kalman filter realized precision attitude measure for multi-rotors in dynamic circumstances. It may lay foundation for UAV remote control.

Sorting radar signal from symmetry clustering perspective

The main function of electronic support measure system is to detect threatening signals in order to take countermeasures against them. To accomplish this objective, a process of associating each interleaved pulse with its emitter must be done. This process is termed sorting or de-interleaving. A novel point symmetry based radar sorting (PSBRS) algorithm is addressed. In order to deal with all kinds of radar signals, the symmetry measure distance is used to cluster pulses instead of the conventional Euclidean distance. The reference points of the symmetrical clusters are initialized by the alternative fuzzy c-means (AFCM) algorithm to ameliorate the effects of noise and the false sorting. Besides, the density filtering (DF) algorithm is proposed to discard the noise pulses or clutter. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated under the effects of noise and missing pulses. It has been observed that the PSBRS algorithm can cope with a large number of noise pulses and it is completely independent of missing pulses. Finally, PSBRS is compared with some benchmark algorithms, and the simulation results reveal the feasibility and efficiency of the algorithm.