Transition Systems Research Articles

FeNi-quantom-dots induced stable interfaces of high loading FeNCN electrode for enhanced sodium storage performance

As a highly reactive anode material with great potential in sodium-ion battery, iron carbodiimide (FeNCN) often suffers from shuttle effect with performance degradation. Therefore, the interface structure of FeNCN is in urgent need for improvement to solve the above problem. In this article, an FeNi-quantum-dot/carbon tube modified separator was used to regulate the interface of FeNCN with high loading (3 mg cm−2). By using this strategy, the FeNCN electrode could present high Na+ storage performance of 410.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 2 A/g with capacity retention rate of 99.9 % per cycle. Further analysis showed that FeNi quantum dots could inhibit the shuttle effect of Na2NCN with stable charge/discharge process. They could also facilitate the formation reaction of iron carbodiimide, realizing fast electrochemical reaction kinetics in high loading FeNCN electrode. Consequently, this work exhibits a simple and effective strategy to enhance the Na+ storage performance of iron carbodiimide, which could also inspire insights to other transitional metal-based electrode material systems.

The Problematics of Determining Investigators for the Corruption Eradication Commission

This study aims to examine the problems of appointing Commission investigators. This study uses normative legal research with a statute approach. The collected legal material is then qualitatively analyzed to describe the problem and answer the study objectives. The results show that the Commission holds the authority to appoint Civil Servant Investigators from its internal ranks. One of the requirements for such an appointment is that the Commission conducts education and training in the field of investigation in collaboration with the Police. However, the Commission still recruits investigators from the Police and the Attorney General’s Office. Appointing investigators from these two entities presents challenges, including continuity issues in the investigative process, the risk of losing essential information or knowledge about handled cases, and legal and administrative considerations when the tenure of an employed investigator reaches its maximum limit. Therefore, it is recommended that the Commission and relevant stakeholders enhance the capacity and competency of internal Civil Servant Investigators through systematic and continuous education and training, thus reducing dependence on investigators from the Police and the Attorney General’s Office. Furthermore, the Commission should consider formulating strategies to minimize the risk of vital information loss due to investigator turnover, such as creating detailed case documentation and an effective case transition system. Additionally, the Commission can collaborate with relevant legal and administrative entities to address potential legal and administrative issues arising from the conclusion of an investigator’s tenure, considering aspects of justice and thoroughness in the investigative process.

A Study of Transitivity System of News Reports on Fukushima Nuclear-contaminated Water from the Perspective of Ecological Discourse Analysis

As environmental topics have become the focus of attention in recent years, this study conducts a study of transitivity system on news reports about Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water in the English version of People’s Daily from the perspective of ecological discourse analysis, aiming to find out how the process of transitivity is distributed in news reports about Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water in Japan, as well as what kind of ecological awareness is reflected in news reports. By manual selection of the corpus with the help of UAM Corpus Tool 6, the study found that the proportion of material process in such reports is high, while the proportion of behavioral process is low. The study aims to call on people to raise awareness of environmental protection, promote harmonious coexistence and sustainable development of human beings and nature, and protect the common home of the earth.

The correctness of concurrencies in (reversible) concurrent calculi

This article designs a general principle to check the correctness of the definition of concurrency (a.k.a. independence) of events for concurrent calculi. Concurrency relations are central in process algebras, but also two-sided: they are often defined independently on composable and on coinitial transitions, and no criteria exist to assess whether they “interact correctly”. This article starts by examining how reversibility can provide such a correctness of concurrencies criterion, and its implications. It then defines, for the first time, a syntactical definition of concurrency for CCSK, a reversible declension of the calculus of communicating systems. To do so, according to our criterion, requires to define concurrency relations for all types of transitions along two axes: direction (forward or backward) and concomitance (coinitial or composable). Our definition is uniform thanks to proved transition systems and satisfies our sanity checks: square properties, sideways diamonds, but also the reversible checks (reverse diamonds and causal consistency). We also prove that our formalism is either equivalent to or a refinement of pre-existing definitions of concurrency for reversible systems. We conclude by discussing additional criteria and possible future works.

Tiny Twins for detecting cyber-attacks at runtime using concise Rebeca time transition system

This paper presents a method for detecting cyber-attacks in cyber-physical systems using a monitor. The method employs an abstract model called Tiny Twin, which is built at design time and is used at runtime to detect inconsistencies. Tiny Twin is a state transition system that represents the observable behavior of the system from the monitor point of view. We model the behavior of the system in the Rebeca modeling language and use Afra model checker to generate the state space. The Tiny Twin is built automatically, by abstracting the state space while keeping the observable actions and preserving the trace equivalence. For doing that we had to solve the complexities in the state space introduced by time-shifts, nondeterministic assignments and abstraction of internal actions. We formally define the state space as Concise Rebeca Timed Transition System (CRTTS), and then map CRTTS to an LTS. The LTS is then fed to a tool to abstract away the non-observable actions.

A Study Of The Ideational Function: Transitivity Analysis Of Simon Stiell’s Speech

This study examines the discourse of Simon Stiell's political speeches through the lens of Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar. Additionally, it aims to substantiate the claim that Systemic Functional Grammar, in particular the idealization meta-functions, underlies Stiell's political speech at COP27. It employs both a qualitative and a quantitative mixed approach. The study's sample is Simon Stiell, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, addressing during the COP27 closing session on November 20, 2022. After that, transitivity analysis was done to determine the outcomes. These speeches have undergone transitivity system analysis. The study's findings show that Simon Stiell heavily employs the idealization meta-functions in his speeches. It demonstrates that he has extensively trained using systemic functional grammar in his discourse, which made persuading the listener to take action far more successful and persuasive. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the proportion of Material processes that use the idealization meta-functional aspects varies depending on his speech and even the context

Forecast and Analysis of a Rainstorm Case in East China Based on the Blown-Up Theory

Practical application has shown that the blown-up theory has great predictive ability for predicting transitional weather systems, especially catastrophic weather systems. This study applies the blown-up theory to analyze and predict a rainstorm case in Jiangsu Province of East China to explore the applicability of the blown-up theory. At the same time, a numerical simulation experiment is conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) v4.2. The numerical results are compared with the European Center for Medium Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data and the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) products. It is found that there is a deviation in the simulation for the precipitation center, and further analysis indicates that it is likely related to the position of the simulated low-level shear line. On the other hand, the blown-up analyses are consistent with the actual situation and provide additional information besides the numerical simulation results. These results indicate that the blown-up charts and V-3θ diagrams are able to predict the weather system transformation, the rainfall area, and the evolution of the rainstorm, which confirms the applicability of the blown-up theory to rainstorm forecasts. This provides an auxiliary analysis method in addition to numerical simulations for rainstorm forecasts.

Analysis of the Harmonious Discourse of Publicity Documentary Seasons of China Based on Transitivity System

Analysis of the Harmonious Discourse of Publicity Documentary Seasons of China Based on Transitivity System

A mathematical characterization of minimally sufficient robot brains

This paper addresses the lower limits of encoding and processing the information acquired through interactions between an internal system (robot algorithms or software) and an external system (robot body and its environment) in terms of action and observation histories. Both are modeled as transition systems. We want to know the weakest internal system that is sufficient for achieving passive (filtering) and active (planning) tasks. We introduce the notion of an information transition system (ITS) for the internal system which is a transition system over a space of information states that reflect a robot’s or other observer’s perspective based on limited sensing, memory, computation, and actuation. An ITS is viewed as a filter and a policy or plan is viewed as a function that labels the states of this ITS. Regardless of whether internal systems are obtained by learning algorithms, planning algorithms, or human insight, we want to know the limits of feasibility for given robot hardware and tasks. We establish, in a general setting, that minimal information transition systems (ITSs) exist up to reasonable equivalence assumptions, and are unique under some general conditions. We then apply the theory to generate new insights into several problems, including optimal sensor fusion/filtering, solving basic planning tasks, and finding minimal representations for modeling a system given input-output relations.

Dynamics of CO2, CH4, and N2O in Ria Formosa coastal lagoon (southwestern Iberia) and export to the Gulf of Cadiz

A first characterization of greenhouse gases had been carried out to study their role and impact in a productive transitional coastal system of the southern Portugal – Ria Formosa lagoon. To this purpose, the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and the concentration of dissolved CH4 and N2O have been measured. Two surveys were carried out during 2020, at low tide under typical conditions of Spring (March) and end of Summer (October). The samplings sites were distributed along the costal lagoon covering: i) inner areas with strong human impact (influence of different flows of treated wastewater discharges); and ii) main channels in connection with the main inlets to study the exchanges with the ocean. In general, the highest values of the three greenhouse gases were found at the inner studied areas, especially affected by the disposal of treated effluents from wastewater treatment plans, in October. The mean water - atmosphere fluxes of the CO2, CH4 and N2O are positive, showing that the study area acts as a source of these gases to the atmosphere. On the other hand, it was calculated a rough estimation of the three gases globally exported from Ria Formosa to the ocean, through the main six inlets to evaluate the magnitude of the supply of these gases from Ria Formosa to the adjacent ocean. The mean CO2, CH4 and N2O horizontal water fluxes exported from all the inlets of Ria Formosa to the Gulf of Cadiz for both seasons, during low water, are 8.7 ± 3.9 mmol m−2 s−1, 8.0 ± 3.5 μmol m−2 s−1 and 3.2 ± 1.5 μmol m−2 s−1, which corresponds to a mass transport through the inlets section of 0.7 ± 0.7 kg s−1, 0.2 ± 0.2 g s−1 and 0.2 ± 0.3 g s−1 respectively. From these estimates, as expected, the higher mass transport was found at the larger and deeper inlets (Faro-Olhão and Armona).

Representation of English and Arabic Para Athletes with Special Reference to Transitivity System

This article employs one of the tools proposed by Jeffries’ (2010) framework of critical stylistic namely the TCF of representing actions/events /and states (transitivity) to examine how male and female Para Athletes are linguistically constructed as social actors in selected English and Arabic Paralympic sport magazines. It aims to identify the stylistic strategies employed in these selected magazines in their textual representation to construct the identity of Para Athletes and the effect of gender and disability in such representation. The study is focused on the analysis of 10 English articles and 10 Arabic articles from English and Arabic magazines related to the field of Para sport and issued between 2016 and 2020. To achieve the research objectives, the study hypothesizes that both the English and Arabic texts tend to assign agent roles to Para Athletes with varied gender preferences. The results of this study show that the selected magazines activate Para Athletes in an attempt to bring People with disabilities (PWDs) from margin to the foreground as social actors. However, the findings also indicate a differential representation of Para Athletes in terms of gender in that both English and Arabic texts allocate agent roles to Para Athletes, however the English texts portray males mainly as Sensers and Sayers, while the Arabic texts portray females as Actors, Sensers, Carriers, and Sayers more than males. This contradicts the common belief that women's contribution to society is excluded and underestimated, suggesting that they can play an important functional role in society like men, regardless of their social status.

Phylogenomics of Fresh and Formalin Specimens Resolves the Systematics of Old World Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) and Expands Biogeographic Inference

Our knowledge of the biodiversity of Asia and Australasia continues to expand with more focused studies on systematics of various groups and their biogeography. Historically, fluctuating sea levels and cyclic connection and separation of now-disjunct landmasses have been invoked to explain the accumulation of biodiversity via species pump mechanisms. However, recent research has shown that geological shifts of the mainland and species dispersal events may be better explanations of the biodiversity in these regions. We investigate these processes using the poorly studied and geographically widespread Mud Snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) using a target capture approach of ~4,800 nuclear loci from fresh tissues and supplemental mitochondrial data from formalin tissues from museum specimens. We use these datasets to reconstruct the first resolved phylogeny of the group, identify their biogeographic origins, and test hypotheses regarding the roles of sea-level change and habitat selection on their diversification. Divergence dating and ancestral range estimation yielded support for an Oligocene origin and diversification from mainland Southeast Asia and Sundaland in the rear-fanged group ~20 million years ago, followed by eastward and westward dispersal. GeoHiSSE models indicate that niche expansion of ancestral, rear-fanged lineages into aquatic environments did not impact their diversification rates. Our results highlight that Pleistocene sea-level changes and habitat specificity did not primarily lead to the extant species richness of Homalopsidae and that, alternatively, geological shifts in mainland Southeast Asia may have been a major driver of diversity in this group. We also emphasize the importance of using fresh and degraded tissues, and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, for filling knowledge gaps in poorly known but highly diverse and conceptually important groups. Here, Homalopsidae represents a non-traditional but effective model study system for understanding transitions between terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments.

Understanding Recessive Transition of Cultivated Land Use in Jilin Province, China (1990–2020): From Perspective of Productive-Living-Ecological Functions

Jilin Province is an important commercial grain production base in northeast China, and it has seen significant transition in cultivated land use in recent years. This study constructed a measurement system for the recessive transition of cultivated land use in Jilin Province based on the perspective of “three-function synergy” (productive, living, and ecological functions). It discussed the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the recessive transition of cultivated land use from 1990 to 2020, identified the turning point of the cultivated land transition trend, and built a model of recessive transition of cultivated land in Jilin Province. After analyzing the results, we came to the following conclusions: (1) The turning point of the “three-function synergy” of the recessive morphology of cultivated land in Jilin Province occurred earlier than the mutation point of the recessive transition of cultivated land, and there was a certain temporality in the recessive transition of cultivated land compared with the functional change of cultivated land; (2) the degree of recessive transition of cultivated land in Jilin Province showed a spatial distribution characteristic of being higher in the west and lower in the east; (3) the recessive transition of cultivated land use in Jilin Province could be divided into transition stages characterized by “low stage slow rise period”, “middle stage significant increase period”, and “high stage steady growth period”; (4) Jilin Province should adopt differentiated and diversified management of cultivated land to achieve a comprehensive management model that emphasizes quantity, quality, and ecology.

Contemporary Understanding of the Central Autonomic Nervous System in Fetal-Neonatal Transition

THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE CENTRAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN FETAL-NEONATAL TRANSITION: Sarah B. Mulkey, Adre dú Plessis Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Volume 28, December 2018, Pages 29-37 The objective of this article is to understand the complex role of the central autonomic nervous system in normal and complicated fetal-neonatal transition and how autonomic nervous system dysfunction can lead to brain injury. The central autonomic nervous system supports coordinated fetal transitional cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine responses to provide safe transition of the fetus at delivery. Fetal and maternal medical and environmental exposures can disrupt normal maturation of the autonomic nervous system in utero, cause dysfunction, and complicate fetal-neonatal transition. Brain injury may both be caused by autonomic nervous system failure and contribute directly to autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the fetus and newborn. The central autonomic nervous system has multiple roles in supporting transition of the fetus. Future studies should aim to improve real-time monitoring of fetal autonomic nervous system function and in supporting typical autonomic nervous system development even under complicated conditions.

Policy Insights from High-Income Countries to Guide Safe, Nutritious, and Sustainable Alternative Proteins for Low- and Middle-Income Countries

The United Nations has encouraged governments to promote sustainable healthy diets to address undernutrition, obesity, and climate change. This perspective paper examines policy insights from selected high-income countries in Asia, Europe, and North America to understand how traditional and novel alternative proteins (AP) may support sustainable healthy diets in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where populations experience malnutrition in all forms. AP products must be affordable, locally sustainable, and culturally acceptable to improve diet quality and health. Food-based dietary guidelines are a policy tool to guide AP product formulation, manufacturing, processing, labeling, and marketing to ensure that these products complement traditional plant- and animal-source proteins in sustainable healthy diets. This paper suggests that a new food categorization taxonomy is needed to guide AP product recommendations. Decision-makers must harmonize multisectoral policies to ensure LMIC populations have access to sustainable healthy diets to achieve a protein transition and food systems transformation by 2050.

Analysis of the Impact of the French Revolution on the Characters of the Novel “The Tale of Two Cities” Using Transitivity System

Analysis of the Impact of the French Revolution on the Characters of the Novel “The Tale of Two Cities” Using Transitivity System

The Common Features of Transitivity Systems in English and Myanmar

The Common Features of Transitivity Systems in English and Myanmar

Higher-Order Property-Directed Reachability

The property-directed reachability (PDR) has been used as a successful method for automated verification of first-order transition systems. We propose a higher-order extension of PDR, called HoPDR, where higher-order recursive functions may be used to describe transition systems. We formalize HoPDR for the validity checking problem for conjunctive nu-HFL(Z), a higher-order fixpoint logic with integers and greatest fixpoint operators. The validity checking problem can also be viewed as a higher-order extension of the satisfiability problem for Constrained Horn Clauses (CHC), and safety property verification of higher-order programs can naturally be reduced to the validity checking problem. We have implemented a prototype verification tool based on HoPDR and confirmed its effectiveness. We also compare our HoPDR procedure with the PDR procedure for first-order systems and previous methods for fully automated higher-order program verification.

Factors influencing the effectiveness of proving criminal offences during trial

Proving effectiveness is a guarantee of protection of human rights, which is especially important for countries with a transitional legal system. Proving is influenced by a number of factors, including those the negative consequences of which are threatening the achievement of the goals of justice. Possibilities of minimizing their impact determine the relevance of the issue under research. The aim of the study is to determine the factors affecting the proving effectiveness and the prospects for improving this process in the context of human rights protection. The study involved the following practical methods: doctrinal approach, comparative method, forecasting. The dependence between crimes and types of evidence of their commission was established. The types of digital evidence were summarized, among which the OSINT technique prevails. The factors are classified into general and special. It was demonstrated that objective organizational factors prevail among the factors of proving crimes related to armed conflicts. It is proposed to focus on the legal regulation of the latest technologies and improving the professional training of the subjects of proving. It is appropriate to develop international recommendations for the use of digital evidence, including artificial intelligence.

Turkish Teacher’s Opinions of the High School Transition System

Bu araştırmada, Liselere Geçiş Sisteminin (LGS) Türkçe dersi öğretim programı ve dil becerileri ile ilişkisini, Türkçe derslerinin işlenmesine yönelik etkilerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında sınavın öğrenciler, öğretmenler ve veliler üzerindeki etkileri de incelenmiştir. Araştırma durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme tekniklerinden biri olan kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesine göre belirlenmiştir. 20 Türkçe öğretmeni ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin içerik analizi yapılmış ve raporlanmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin sınavdan dolayı derslerde okuma becerisi odaklandıkları ve diğer dil becerilerini ihmal ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenler öğrencilerin sınavda soru olarak karşılarına çıkan dil bilgisi konularının öğretimini önemsemektedir. Araştırmada LGS sınavının ve soru yapısının öğretmenlerin ders işleme planlarını, kaynak kullanımını ve zaman kullanımlarını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlere göre bu sınav hem öğrencileri hem de velileri psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik bakımdan etkilemektedir.