Structure Of System Research Articles

Mechanism analysis and structural design of parallel-driven hydraulic wrist joint

Purpose This study aims to design a novel 3 degree-of-freedom parallel-driven hydraulic wrist (PHW) joint, characterized by a compact structure, heavy payload capacity and spherical workspace. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics mathematical model of PHW is analyzed based on the closed-loop vector method, screw theory and virtual work principle. And the key parameters of PHW are determined based on the singularity analysis. The integrated design method of hydraulic and mechanical systems is used, thereby enabling a hose-less configuration that fosters a low-leakage hydraulic system structure with reduced self-weight. Additionally, this research proposed a dynamic nonlinear compensation control methodology predicated on a payload model to enhance the stability and precision of trajectory tracking for PHW. Finally, several experiments have been conducted to evaluate and validate the performance of the proposed approach and the payload capacity of PHW. Findings Experiment results show that PHW has a payload-to-self-weight ratio of 4(payload 14 kg with self-weight 3.5 kg) under supply pressure 7 MPa. The experimental assessment of payload capacity substantiates the efficacy of the dynamic nonlinear compensation control method for PHW. Remarkably, the trajectory tracking errors for PHW remain under 0.03 rad, even when subjected to payloads of 10.5 and 14 kg. Originality/value This study presents an effective parallel hydraulic-driven wrist structure. This parallel structure provides a spherical workspace with flexible motion, and larger payload capacity compared with the existing robot wrist.

2024 TCMIID®中医药传承创新发展大赛获奖项目10：Design of Optimized Storage Structure and Environmental Monitoring System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs

一等奖 Design of Optimized Storage Structure and Environmental Monitoring System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs Liangkeyi SUN Qiang SUN University of Macau

"I just felt that everything came tumbling down around me"-Barriers in cancer care for patients with severe mental illness: A qualitative study.

Patients with severe mental illness experience serious inequity when facing cancer treatment. They are less likely to be referred for cancer treatment following recommended guidelines and have poorer cancer survival than patients without mental illness. Relevant specialties such as psychiatry and general practice are rarely involved, and the patient perspective is rarely represented in research in the field. The present study investigated how patients with severe mental illness experience barriers to and facilitators of patient-centred cancer treatment and care. In this qualitative case study, field observations, semi-structured interviews, and patient file analysis were performed with five patients with cancer in an adult psychiatric setting, included through purposeful sampling. Our analysis showed one major theme, "Complexity on many levels", and four subthemes: "How the mental illness is affected by the cancer trajectory", "The complexity of patient vulnerability", "Fragmented healthcare system and lack of structure", and "The role of the relationship between patient and health professional." Barriers included the cancer trajectory leading to severe worsening of the mental illness, as well as fragmentation of the healthcare system and a lack of a systematic approach to the patient group. Facilitators included the health professionals acknowledging the patient's own resources and approaching the patient as a person rather than a disease. This study highlights critical focal points to improve care for patients with cancer who also struggle with severe mental illness. By addressing these target areas, healthcare providers can better tailor their approach to meet the unique needs of this population.

State switch control of magnetically suspended flywheel energy storage system in uninterrupted power supply system

The magnetically suspended flywheel energy storage system (MS-FESS) is an energy storage equipment that accomplishes the bidirectional transfer between electric energy and kinetic energy, and it is widely used as the power conversion unit in the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system. First, the structure of the FESS-UPS system is introduced, and the working principles at different working states are described. Furthermore, the control strategy of the FESS-UPS is developed, and the switch oscillation of the FESS-UPS system between the charging and discharging states is analyzed. Then, the switch strategy using the angle compensation of the flux linkage is designed to control the FESS-UPS system among different working states, and the peak values of current and voltage at the switch moment are suppressed. Finally, the simulations and experiments are performed to validate the performances of the switch strategy used in the FESS-UPS system, and the results prove that the current/voltage peaks during the switching process are effectively mitigated, so the impact on the power converter caused by the state switch is suppressed. Therefore, the control performance of the UPS using the MS-FESS could be further improved, and the FESS-UPS could realize the fast and safe discharge/charge for the grid source and three-phase loads.

Problematika aplikovateľnosti noriem medzinárodného humanitárneho práva v kontexte súčasného medzinárodného práva

One of the strengths of international law is its dynamism, its capacity to develop in response to the changing realities of international life and the evolving values of the international community. Two phenomena in particular have led to astonishingly rapid developments in the substance of international law and even in the very structure of the international legal system. The first is the universal recognition that the protection of human dignity is a proper concern of international law, and the second is the accumulation and exercise of power by nonstate actors. Outline development shows particularly in those bodies of international law, such as international humanitarian law (IHL), that has as its purpose the amelioration if suffering and protection of individuals. Likewise this evolution brings the situations in which the issue of application of IHL becomes disputed. The study focuses current affairs on the field of IHL, the specific disputable character of application IHL and reflection of international law on these issues.

A human geography analysis of the evolution of the urban morphology of ancient Foshan city from the perspective of Cantonese trading culture

ABSTRACT Recent studies have increasingly recognized cultural drivers as influential factors in urban morphology, reflecting a shift in focus from materiality to sociability and subsequently to culture. However, there remains a lack of evidence concerning the impact of geographical features and social factors on the early urban morphology of Foshan city, and this is where the value of this paper lies. Based on the human geography theory, this paper also analyzes the impact of Beidi’s parade trade activities, rituals and folk culture on urban form. The study reveals that since the Northern Song Dynasty, the river area has decreased, while the number of tributaries has increased and extended further inland. This shift reflects a transformation in the river system structure from a natural to a more systematic, intertwined, and artificial state. Before 1980, Foshan exhibited slow expansion from the northern and southern regions towards the center, while the following decade saw rapid expansion that consolidated fragmented areas and extended into peripheral regions, indicating a shift from fragmentation to centralization in urban development. The contemporary street network in Foshan displays a combination of radial and ring roads, closely linked to the waterway network. Trading and political influences have been the primary drivers of urbanization in Foshan from the Tang to the Qing Dynasties, while military influence played a secondary role during the Qing Dynasty.

Engineering of CmpLs enhances L-glutamate production of Corynebacterium glutamicum

The efficient production of L-glutamate is dependent on the product's rapid efflux, hence researchers have recently concentrated on artificially modifying its transport system and cell membrane wall structure. Considering the unique composition and structure of the cell wall of Corynebacterium glutamicum, we investigated the effects of CmpLs on L-glutamate synthesis and transport in SCgGC7, a constitutive L-glutamate efflux strain. First, the knockout strains of CmpLs were constructed, and it was confirmed that the deletion of CmpL1 and CmpL4 significantly improved the performance of L-glutamate producers. Next, temperature-sensitive L-glutamate fermentation with the CmpL1 and CmpL4 knockout strains were carried out in 5 L bioreactors, where the knockout strains showcased temperature-sensitive characteristics and enhanced capacities for L-glutamate production under high temperatures. Notably, the CmpL1 knockout strain outperformed the control strain in terms of L-glutamate production, showing production and yield increases of 69.2% and 55.3%, respectively. Finally, the intracellular and extracellular metabolites collected at the end of the fermentation process were analyzed. The modification of CmpLs greatly improved the L-glutamate excretion and metabolic flux for both L-glutamate production and transport. Additionally, the CmpL1 knockout strain showed decreased accumulation of downstream metabolites of L-glutamate and intermediate metabolites of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which were consistent with its high L-glutamate biosynthesis capacity. In addition to offering an ideal target for improving the stability and performance of the industrial strains for L-glutamate production, the functional complementarity and redundancy of CmpLs provide a novel target and method for improving the transport of other metabolites by modification of the cell membrane and cell wall structures in C. glutamicum.

Woody Species Composition, Structure and Diversity of Trees-Based Agroforestry System in the Mid-Highlands, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This study aims to examine woody species composition, structure, and diversity of Tree-based agroforestry systems in the mid-highlands, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data was collected in each observation plot in the agroforestry patterns. The total number of observation plots was thirty-three. The plot sizes for saplings 5m x 5m, poles 10m x 10m, and trees 20m x 20m. The results found there were 31 plant species composition belonging to 18 families. Plant species at the tree level 73%, herbaceous 10% and shrubs 17%, native endemic species 74%, and introduced 26%. A total of 77% of plant species were planted and 23% of species grew wild. The structures tree level vegetation with the highest importance value index (IVI) was the Tectona grandis species with IVI 144.9, the pole layers were Tectona grandis with IVI 126.7, and the sapling layers were Theobroma cacao with IVI 94.0. While the structures tree level vegetation with the lowest IVI was Artocarpus heterophyllus with IVI 13.4, the pole layers were Mangifera indica with IVI 13.2, and the sapling layers were Syzygium polyanthum and Citrus aurantiifolia with IVI 15.5. The highest species diversity index in the agroforestry of community forest was 1.7. Species richness index (M') and evenness index (E') were evenly distributed all in the agroforestry patterns with moderate criteria. The findings research show that agroforestry systems in the study area are diverse, with the different wood species compositions and structures. Keywords: Agroforestry, composition, community forest, konawe regency, species diversity, structure, southeast Sulawesi, vegetation.

Body and Society: Symbolic Equation in Vampire Academy Series

The body serves as a symbol that describes the relationship between individual parts of an organism and the system as a whole. A structure of the social system of society can be found within the body. Literature works as the product of a culture and is considered a mirror of society. The body in literature is often a theme or symbol rich in meaning because the body can reflect various aspects of human life, such as identity, emotion, culture, politics, spirituality, and social relationships. The use of the body in literature often involves multidimensional exploration that inspires readers to understand the human experience more deeply. The Vampire Academy series brings about a body issue representing certain social structures of a society. This study aims to explore the symbols underlying the vampire body in the Vampire Academy series. The material and data were gained from library sources using a literary study method. The objects of this study are six novels by Richelle Mead from the Vampire Academy series, which tell the story of the lives of teenagers who fight against the class division structure in a school. The results include the body becoming a symbol of group identity, as seen in the tattoos of the Dhampir guardians’ class and the Human Alchemists, symbols of sexuality in body shape, and symbols of power in the blood, skin colour, and tooth shape.

Construction and Attractor Analysis of Discrete Chaotic Systems Based on Julia Fractal Transformation

Fractals and chaotic systems play an important role in science and engineering. However, few scholars have focused on further deep integration of multiple fractals and multi-level cascaded chaotic systems to create new discrete chaotic maps. In this paper, we propose an innovative method to construct a series of new fractal chaotic maps by borrowing the concept of Julia fractal. Unlike previous fractal discrete map designs, this method enriches the dynamical behavior of the new maps by introducing the topological complexity of multiple fractal transformations into chaotic systems in terms of system structure. More importantly, it ensures that the new system dynamical structure satisfies the necessary condition for generating chaos through an internal feedback mechanism, i.e. the initial error is continuously transmitted in each state of the system iteration. The paper applies the method to eight types of discrete chaotic maps, generating various fractal chaotic maps, revealing new chaotic attractors as a result, and discussing the dynamical characteristics of discrete fractal chaotic maps through Lyapunov exponent, information entropy, spectral entropy, C[Formula: see text] complexity and bifurcation diagram analysis. The dynamical analysis indicates that the proposed fractal chaotic maps have higher complexity and stronger randomness. Consequently, the method proposed in this paper for generating new discrete chaotic maps through Julia fractal offers a novel approach to the design of chaotic systems, with promising potential for engineering and scientific applications.

Incompressible limit for the compressible viscoelastic fluids in critical space

Abstract In this article, we consider the incompressible limit of global-in-time strong solutions with arbitrary large initial velocity for the compressible viscoelastic fluids in the sense of critical Besov framework. We decouple our compressible system into two coupling sub-systems by introducing a skew symmetric matrix, which is related to the deformation tensor. This work generalizes the similar result obtained by Hu et al. (Incompressible limit for compressible viscoelastic flows with large velocity, Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 12 (2023), 20220324) to the critical functional space with respective to the natural scaling of the system. The proof relies on the dispersive property of the linear system on the high-frequency regime and the parabolic property on the low-frequency regime. The dispersion tends to disappear when λ \lambda tends to infinite, but having large λ \lambda provides strong dissipation on the potential part of the velocity and thus makes the flow almost incompressible. In addition, by exploiting the intrinsic structure of the viscoelastic system, we obtain the global uniform estimates of the solutions near equilibrium.

Принципы построения системы органов государственной власти с учетом политических рисков

The aim of this article is to examine the principles of building a system of state authorities taking into account political risks. Currently, there is a discernible interconnection between domestic and foreign policy, as well as an understanding of the overall picture of the world in the public consciousness of the country’s citizens. The author notes that, for state bodies, the category of risks can generate security threats. Ensuring state and public security requires the formation and effective functioning of special mechanisms of strategic management. It is observed that the effectiveness of state authorities in managing political risks is determined by a multitude of factors and varies depending on the structure and condition of the socio-political system. A contradiction is identified between the established political system and the economic form of state organization, as well as the influence of social institutions on the formation of political risks during the implementation of decisions made by state authorities. The laws of development in the dialectical paradigm of the world order and as part of the theory of confrontation are determined by the goals, economic potentials, technological development in the realization of plans, as well as the attitude of the world community. The author concludes that the principles of political decision-making should be grounded in the laws of dialectics – laws of development that do not con-tradict the natural course of global processes and promote the advancement of state power institutions.

Cardiac Lymph Flow Features and New Opportunities for Their Experimental Visualization.

The aim of this study was to describe the features of myocardial lymph flow using a new combined method of visualization of the lymphatic system. The study was performed on pig hearts harvested from a local slaughterhouse. The original dye, consisting of lipid-soluble chlorophyll and lipiodol, was injected stepwise into the lymphatic vessels. After sufficient optical identification of the lymphatic vessels, continuous injection of air into the coronary arteries was performed and CT scans were done. In this way, both optical and radiologic visibility of the cardiac lymphatic system was achieved. It was shown that lymph flow of the left and most part of the right ventricle is carried out through lymphatic collectors of the anterior wall of the heart, including retrogradely with respect to the right coronary artery, which complements the previously known facts about the structure of the lymphatic system of the heart.

Microbial community structure and water quality performance in local scrubber reclaim system for water reclamation of the semiconductor industry: A case study of a semiconductor plant in Beijing.

The local scrubber reclaim (LSR) system plays a critical role in water reclamation and in reducing environmental pollution emissions in semiconductor factories. This study monitored the changes in water quality and assessed the key stages of pollutant removal, with a primary focus on evaluating microbial growth and the shifts in microbial community structure and function in the LSR system. The results showed that activated carbon filtration (ACF) effectively removed total organic carbon (TOC) with a removal rate of 59.35%, while ion exchange (IEX) was essential for reducing conductivity, with a removal rate of 87.33%. Furthermore, severe bacterial growth was observed (more than 1000CFU/ml) in the system. Bacteria numbers in the MMF and ACF stages grew dramatically, at least four times higher than that in the influent tank. After chlorination in the storage tank, microbial numbers sharply dropped, yet microbial diversity increased. The dominant microbial group in the LSR system was Patescibacteria (average relative abundance was 32.37%), considered part of the "microbial dark matter" and also known as Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR). Following the effluent from the storage tank, the biofilm-forming potential of bacteria significantly increased (relative abundance rose from 7.19% to 15.20%), along with a varying increase in the abundance of genes related to metabolism. Measures should be implemented to prevent pipeline blockage and improve water reclamation efficiency.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Water System's Structure and Its Relationship with Urban System Based on Fractal Dimension: A Case Study of the Huaihe River Basin, China.

The formation and development of cities are inseparable from a certain scale of water resources. The information contained in the morphological structures of cities and water systems is often overlooked. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of water system structures (WSS) and urban system structures (USS) can reveal the "urban-water" relationship from a new perspective. The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) was selected as the case area, based on the theory of fractal dimensions, grid dimension and multifractal spectrum methods were used to depict the structural evolutionary characteristics of water systems and urban systems from different dimensions. Then, through a comparative analysis of fractal parameters and spectral lines, the characteristics and changing patterns of the "urban-water" relationship in the HRB from 1980 to 2019 were revealed. The results indicate the following: (1) The water system structure in the HRB is complex and exhibits distinct scale characteristics, showing improvement overall and at larger scales while continuously degrading at smaller scales. (2) Both the water system and urban system exhibit increasingly complex spatial development characteristics; however, the USS continues to optimize over time, while the WSS experiences degradation. (3) The development patterns of the water system and urban system are significant differences in the HRB. Urban development mainly relies on outward expansion, whereas the water system is primarily characterized by intensive enhancement. (4) Because of the rapid development of urban areas, water scarcity may occur in densely populated urban areas or larger cities in the future. The research results can serve as a scientific reference for urban planning and water resource management in the HRB.

Long-term diverse straw management influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure and plant growth in a rice-rotated wheat cropping system.

Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil are influenced by various agricultural managements, which in turn affects crop productivity. However, the impacts of straw returning on AMF communities are sparsely understood. Here, a 7-year field experiment including three sets of straw managements - returning methods (CK: no-tillage without straw; RT-SR: rotary tillage with straw; DB-SR: ditch-buried tillage with straw), burial amount, burial depth - were applied to evaluate the influences of straw managements on AMF composition. With full amounts of straw return, AMF diversity was similar between DB-SR and CK at a depth of 20cm, whilst it was 13% higher than that under RT-SR. This could be explained by the increased rhizodeposition under DB-SR may counterbalance the negative effect of tillage under RT-SR on AMF hyphal growth. DB-SR changed AMF composition and enhanced the abundance of Glomeraceae, as well as the amount of glomalin-related protein, as a consequence increased plant P uptake by 68% than RT-SR. DB-SR remained stable plant P uptake and wheat biomass at a burial depth of 40cm, but it decreased AMF diversity and the abundance of Glomeraceae as compared to DB-SR at a burial of 20cm. This indicated DB-SR at a burial depth of 40cm may be not beneficial to crop growth. Our results suggest that ditch-buried straw return with a depth of 20cm and full amounts of straws is promising to improve soil health (via regulating AMF community diversity and composition) and promote crop production (via increasing plant P uptake).

Unknown Santiago Ramon y Cajal

The research of Ramon y Cajal (1852–1934), which laid the foundations of modern neuroscience in the 19th century, remains relevant today. His most cited work is the two-volume manual “The Structure of the Nervous System of Human and Vertebrates”, which has not been translated into Russian. In 2024, it will be 120 years since the publication of this two-volume encyclopedic work, as well as 90 years since the death of Santiago Ramon y Cajal. This article is dedicated to these memorable dates and is devoted to an overview of the main events in the personal and scientific life of this neuromorphologist, artist, philosopher and scientific methodologist.

InCoLoTransNet: An Involution-Convolution and Locality Attention-Aware Transformer for Precise Colorectal Polyp Segmentation in GI Images.

Gastrointestinal (GI) disease examination presents significant challenges to doctors due to the intricate structure of the human digestive system. Colonoscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy are the most commonly used tools for GI examination. However, the large amount of data generated by these technologies requires the expertise and intervention of doctors for disease identification, making manual analysis a very time-consuming task. Thus, the development of a computer-assisted system is highly desirable to assist clinical professionals in making decisions in a low-cost and effective way. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework called InCoLoTransNet, designed for polyp segmentation. The study is based on a transformer and convolution-involution neural network, following the encoder-decoder architecture. We employed the vision transformer in the encoder section to focus on the global context, while the decoder involves a convolution-involution collaboration for resampling the polyp features. Involution enhances the model's ability to adaptively capture spatial and contextual information, while convolution focuses on local information, leading to more accurate feature extraction. The essential features captured by the transformer encoder are passed to the decoder through two skip connection pathways. The CBAM module refines the features and passes them to the convolution block, leveraging attention mechanisms to emphasize relevant information. Meanwhile, locality self-attention is employed to pass essential features to the involution block, reinforcing the model's ability to capture more global features in the polyp regions. Experiments were conducted on five public datasets: CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, Kvasir-SEG, Etis-LaribPolypDB, and CVC-300. The results obtained by InCoLoTransNet are optimal when compared with 15 state-of-the-art methods for polyp segmentation, achieving the highest mean dice score of 93% on CVC-ColonDB and 90% on mean intersection over union, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, InCoLoTransNet distinguishes itself in terms of polyp segmentation generalization performance. It achieved high scores in mean dice coefficient and mean intersection over union on unseen datasets as follows: 85% and 79% on CVC-ColonDB, 91% and 87% on CVC-300, and 79% and 70% on Etis-LaribPolypDB, respectively.

A Graph Neural Network-Based Approach to XANES Data Analysis.

The determination of three-dimensional structures (3D structures) is crucial for understanding the correlation between the structural attributes of materials and their functional performance. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) is an indispensable tool to characterize the atomic-scale local 3D structure of the system. Here, we present an approach to simulate XANES based on a customized 3D graph neural network (3DGNN) model, XAS3Dabs, which takes directly the 3D structure of the system as input, and the inherent relation between the fine structure of spectrum and local geometry is considered during the model construction. It turns out to be faster than the traditional XANES fitting method when the simulation approach and XANES optimization algorithm are combined to fit the 3D structure of the given system. The geometric features of the system are included in the weighted message passing block of XAS3Dabs and their importance is investigated. XAS3Dabs model demonstrates superior accuracy in XANES prediction compared to most machine learning models. By extracting graphs constituted by edges related to the absorbing atom, our model reduces redundant information, thereby not only enhancing the model's performance but also improving its robustness across different hyperparameters. XAS3Dabs model can be generalized to simulate the spectra for the systems with the absorber having the designed absorption edge so as to meet the expectations of online data processing. The method is expected to be the key part of the online 3D structure analysis framework for the XAS-related beamlines of high-energy photon source (HEPS) now under construction.

A Theoretically Informed Process Evaluation in Parallel to a Feasibility Study of a Complex Oral Health Intervention Using NICE Guidelines in a Care Home Setting.

A theoretically informed process evaluation was undertaken in parallel to a study examining the feasibility of an oral health intervention based on an existing guideline for care homes. The objectives were to explore the factors that influenced the implementation of the intervention in order to understand the potential pathway to impact. The research team initially utilised Pfadenhauer etal.'s framework, which focuses on a number of different implementation factors: intervention characteristics, context, theory, process, strategy, agents, outcomes and setting. Nine semi-structured interviews were undertaken with care home managers and staff, predominantly within the intervention arm of the study. Interview schedules were originally based on Pfadenhauer etal.'s framework. These were coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Given the range of themes that emerged, the research team ran a reflexive workshop to determine whether Pfadenhauer etal.'s framework was able to capture and frame the authentic voice of those interviewed. The research team found that a systems lens approach better fitted the data from the interviews, capturing the idiosyncrasy of the different settings and the importance of values and beliefs of the key stakeholders. It was clear that unlike the structure proposed by Pfaednhauer etal., many of the factors were interdependent and hierarchical in nature, that is, paradigm and goals within the care home had a direct impact on the system structure, which fed into how the care home was maintained, which led onto how the different actors behaved (care home managers and staff). The process also highlighted key factors for intervention delivery: time poverty, competing needs, staff turnover, differences between shift patterns and between permanent and agency staff. Cognitive capacity of the residents and staff attitudes were also key. Adding a reflexive workshop enabled the research to critically review the Pfadenhauer etal.'s framework and change to a systems lens approach, which better explained the interdependent and hierarchical nature of the findings. It also highlighted a number of key factors that could influence the pathway to impact for the intervention. ISRCTN10276613.