System In South Korea Research Articles

2015 개정 교육과정 통합과학 수업 사례 연구

The

A Review of Literature on the Internal Accounting Control System in South Korea －Focusing on the Internal Accounting Control System Measurement Variables－

A Review of Literature on the Internal Accounting Control System in South Korea －Focusing on the Internal Accounting Control System Measurement Variables－

Referral patterns and patient characteristics at the first visit to a scoliosis center: a 2-year experience in South Korea without a school scoliosis-screening program.

OBJECTIVE The need for scoliosis screening remains controversial. Nationwide school screening for scoliosis has not been performed in South Korea, and there are few studies on the referral patterns of patients suspected of having scoliosis. This study aimed to examine the referral patterns to the largest scoliosis center in South Korea in the absence of a school screening program and to analyze the factors that influence the appropriateness of referral. METHODS The medical records of patients who visited a single scoliosis center for a spinal deformity evaluation were reviewed. Among 1895 new patients who visited this scoliosis center between April 2014 and March 2016, 1211 with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were included in the study. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to the referral method: non-health care provider, primary physician, hospital specialist, or school screening program. The appropriateness of referral was labeled as inappropriate, late, or appropriate. In total, 213 of 1211 patients were excluded because they had received treatment at another medical facility; 998 patients were evaluated to determine the appropriateness of referral. RESULTS Of the 998 referrals of new patients with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 162 (16.2%) were classified as an inappropriate referral, 272 (27.3%) were classified as a late referral, and 564 (56.5%) were classified as an appropriate referral. Age, sex, Cobb angle of the major curve, and skeletal maturity were identified as statistically significant factors that correlated with the appropriateness of referral. The referral method did not correlate with the appropriateness of referral. CONCLUSIONS Under the current health care system in South Korea, a substantial number of patients with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are referred either late or inappropriately to a tertiary medical center. Although patients referred by school screening programs had a significantly lower late referral rate and higher appropriate referral rate than the other 3 groups, the referral method was not a significant factor in terms of the appropriateness of referral.

Transmission network expansion planning considering risk level assessment and scenario‐based risk level improvement

Renewable energy sources (RESs) are actively connected with the grid, and thus the requirement for transmission network expansion planning has increased. When RESs are added to the grid as independent power plants under a deregulated power system structure, an independent system operator managing the transmission system should evaluate the impact of RES penetration. The system operator should restrict the capacity of the RES to be installed or perform transmission network expansion planning if necessary. This study proposes risk assessment (RA) based on an exponential risk level (RL) model to evaluate the negative effects of RES penetration and introduces a method of applying RA in scenario-based transmission network expansion planning. The index of RL reduction via a scenario is formulated as an economic efficiency indicator for reducing the RL, based on the result of RA. A case study is performed on an actual power system in South Korea. For two cases based on the penetration of RESs, transmission network expansion planning considering the proposed RA is performed for several scenarios, and then, the best scenario for each case is selected.

Evaluating the new teacher evaluation system in South Korea: Case studies of successful implementation, adaptation, and transformation of mandated policy

Central to improving the quality of education is developing a teacher evaluation system that promotes teachers’ professional growth, the improvement of student learning, and educational equality for all students regardless of social factors such as socio-economic status, educational environment, race, and gender. To address these issues in South Korea and to respond to pressure from parents, educators, and policymakers, a new national teacher evaluation system was implemented in 2011. This paper briefly describes the evolution of the teacher evaluation system in South Korea and analyzes the newly developed mechanism by which teachers are evaluated. The new evaluation system resulted in a backlash from teachers and debate among educational stakeholders, including parents, educators, and policymakers. Both the support of and opposition to the new policy are discussed. Although the new evaluation system has not been viewed as effective in all schools, several cases of schools that have had success under the new system are examined to determine the factors that led to their success. This article argues that the teacher evaluation system consisting of fair and reliable components that measure teachers’ performance and support professional development can be an effective means of ensuring high-quality teaching, which, in turn, can positively impact student achievement. However, based on an examination of the case studies presented and grounded in the theoretical perspective on accountability proposed by Thorn and Harris, this study asserts that for the evaluation system to be successful in each school, accountability, necessary modification, and mutual adaptation are required. Implications for policymakers, researchers, and politicians are provided.

Factors influencing the recycling rate under the volume-based waste fee system in South Korea

Since the early 2000s, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) has maintained its top-rank status for its municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling rate among OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) member countries. The volume-based waste fee system (VWF) has been considered to be the major factor contributing to the high recycling performance, and extant research has verified the positive relationship between VWF adoption and the MSW recycling rate. Nevertheless, there exists a gap in the literature, as past research has focused more on testing the positive effects of VWF rather than on investigating the determinants of recycling rates after the adoption of VWF. The current study seeks to address this gap by investigating the various factors that affect recycling rates under the VWF system. More specifically, using data from 16 regions in South Korea over a period of 11 years, this study empirically tests the effects of VWF pricing, the citizen cost burden ratio for the VWF system, and pro-environmental behavior related to VWF on the recycling rate. The findings indicate that economic incentives such as cost savings on VWF plastic bag purchases and reduced burden from paying VWF expenses result in higher recycling rates. The findings also demonstrate that pro-environmental behavior in the VWF context positively affects the recycling rate.

Prospective nationwide healthcare-associated infection surveillance system in South Korea

Prospective nationwide healthcare-associated infection surveillance system in South Korea

Developmental Directions for the Vocational Education and Training System in South Korea under Globalization : Implications for Human Resource Development Policy and Practice

Developmental Directions for the Vocational Education and Training System in South Korea under Globalization : Implications for Human Resource Development Policy and Practice

A summary of acupuncture standardization in Australia, Korea, Japan and the USA

ObjectiveBy comparing the focus of acupuncture standards, management modes of acupuncture in certain areas are summarized to provide a reference for institutions and regions when formulating suitable standards for local acupuncture services. MethodsJapan, South Korea, the USA and Australia were selected as the representative countries. The standards language were limited to English, Japanese and South Korean. The websites of the national standards bodies and the official websites for the acupuncture association/institute of these four countries were searched systematically. The laws of acupuncture were included in the study. ResultsTechnical standards made up the most of the standard system for acupuncture in Japan, basic standards accounted for the most of the system in South Korea, while management standards accounted for the largest proportion of acupuncture standard systems in the USA and Australia. ConclusionJapan and South Korea, which use acupuncture mainly due to cultural and historical influences, place emphasis on establishing technical and basic standards. The USA and Australia, which use acupuncture as a complementary therapy, place emphasis on establishing management standards of acupuncture.

A Study on the Decision-Making Factors of Street Turn Platform

The Street Turn system in South Korea has been developing continuously with the advancement of information technology; however, this has not lead to an increase of the Street Turn transportation volume. As a result, this study presents the decision-making factors for using the system from the standpoint of users of the existing Street Turn transportation system. The people who have used domestic Street Turn transportation services or who are working in a shipping company were analyzed using Fuzzy-AHP. A total of five major factors and 17 detailed factors were derived from this analysis. As a result, timeliness was selected as the most important major factor, and in particular, the information provision time (0.207) was selected as the most important factor, followed by platform use process (0.079), and number of participating shippers (0.074).

The Expectation and Reality Gap in South Korea’s Relations with China

This paper identifies a gap between expectation and reality in South Korea-China relations. It applies the theory of “Autonomy-Security Trade-off” and analyzes incidents such as North Korea’s sinking of the Cheonan, its bombardment of the Yeonpyeong Island, and the deployment of the U.S. THAAD system in South Korea. As a result, this paper concludes that South Korea expected more from China than it merited. Contrary to South Korean expectations, China was not ready to help South Korea on security issues. The Strategic Cooperative Partnership, which was signed in 2008 between the two countries, appeared to be just a friendly gesture, although South Korea expected cooperation in security sector. South Korea should recognize that its partnership with China cannot replace its alliance with the U.S. It should settle for economic, social, and cultural cooperation with China and maintain security cooperation with the U.S. If South Korea reminds China of this limitation in its mutual relationship, China could also settle for its cooperation with South Korea on sectors other than security. China would therefore not intervene into South Korean security decisions as we witnessed over the deployment of the U.S. THAAD system.

Roseomonas aeriglobus sp. nov., isolated from an air-conditioning system.

A novel pale pink-coloured, strictly aerobic, Gram-stain negative bacterial strain, designated strain KER25-12T, was isolated from a laboratory air-conditioning system in South Korea. Cells were observed to be non-motile cocci showing positive catalase and oxidase reactions. Strain KER25-12T was found to grow at 10-30°C (optimum, 25-30°C), at pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). Ubiquinone-10 and spermidine were detected as the sole respiratory quinone and the predominant polyamine, respectively. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0 and C18:0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain KER25-12T was determined to be 70.0mol%. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain KER25-12T belongs to the genus Roseomonas and shows high sequence similarity to Roseomonas aerilata 5420S-30T (98.57%), Roseomonas pecuniae N75T (97.44%) and Roseomonas vinacea CPCC 100056T (97.40%). Based on the morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain KER25-12T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas aeriglobus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KER25-12T (=KACC 19282T=JCM 32049T).

Sphingomonas frigidaeris sp. nov., isolated from an air conditioning system.

A strictly aerobic Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain KER25-10T, was isolated from a laboratory air conditioning system in South Korea. Cells were yellow-pigmented, non-motile rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. The strain grew at pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.1 mol%. Strain KER25-10T contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω6c, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Only spermidine was detected as the polyamine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences indicated that strain KER25-10T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Sphingomonas of the family Sphingomonadaceae and the strain was most closely related to Sphingomonas kyeonggiense THG-DT81T with a 96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain KER25-10T clearly represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas frigidaeris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KER25-10T (=KACC 19285T=JCM 32053T).

Changing Korean Housing System and Its Structural Forces

This research aims to examine the historical evolution of the developmental housing system in South Korea, to elicit the characteristics of the system and to explore the structural forces realigning the system. The primary findings are as follows: 1) the Korean housing system strongly supports economic growth and has been formed by a state-controlled, market-driven, pro-homeownership policy, forcing housing to be highly commodified; 2) the state′s export-oriented, industrialization-led economic development prompted urbanization that resulted in a housing shortage, and the persistent demand for housing coupled with limited access to home financing caused housing prices to sharply increase; 3) democratization facilitated state-guided production of massive housing and provision of public rental housing which is residualised; 4) economic crises in the wake of economic globalization revealed institutional drawbacks of the developmental housing system and 5) the housing system has been ostensibly responding to political realignment, economic restructuring and socio-demographic transformation, leading to more variations in housing provision, particularly tenure mode, structure type, size and housing careers.

The First Stage of an Earthquake Early Warning System in South Korea

ABSTRACT The first stage of the Korean Earthquake Early Warning System (KEEWS) began operations at the Korea Meteorological Administration in January 2015. The goal at this stage is to issue a warning within 50 s of detecting an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 or more. Since operations began, all local earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater have been detected with sufficient accuracy. In the two years since operations started, three warnings have been issued, including for an offshore earthquake of magnitude 5.0 that occurred on 5 July 2016 and for two successive magnitude 5.1 and 5.8 earthquakes that occurred in the southeastern Korean Peninsula on 12 September 2016. In this article, we introduce the KEEWS and review its performance from January 2015 to July 2016. We also report on its responses for recent offshore and inland earthquakes.

Development of general purpose model for park and green space management system in South Korea

Urban parks and green spaces are managed by local authorities, and 8 local authorities are utilizing the park and green space management system in Korea. However, in each local government, park and green space data, system components, main function, and tasks were established in different forms and their utilization was also very low. In this context, this study suggests a general-purpose model of the park and green space management system that can be used commonly by local governments for park and green space management. Based on the requirements that the GIS (geographic information system) should be used for continuous management in the “park and green space master plan guideline”, and the creation of an urban park inventory in the “act on urban parks, green areas, etc.”, we proposed a general-purpose model that builds GIS—based spatial information. We expect that local governments can reduce time and cost of introducing the park and green space management system, and the central government will be able to collect data and statistics on national park and green space, and establish data-based policies.

Facilitators of and Barriers to Gastric Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans.

Gastric cancer is the most highly prevalent cancer among Korean Americans, occurring at a higher rate than among other Asian Americans and non-Latino Whites. However, little is known about the culturally specific barriers to gastric cancer screening among Korean Americans. The aim of this study was to explore facilitators of and barriers to gastric cancer screening among Korean Americans. In this qualitative focus group study, a convenience sample of 50 Korean Americans aged 21 to 75 years was recruited from the Puget Sound area of Washington with the assistance of Korean churches. Five focus groups of 6 to 8 and 1 focus group of 13 were conducted in a church, a café, and an apartment community center. The focus group discussions lasted approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data. Facilitators included exposure to Korean media, history and prevalence of gastric problems, perceptions concerning positive aspects of the healthcare system in South Korea, physician recommendations, technology, and church health fair. Barriers included a lack of knowledge, finance/lack of health insurance, fear of test results, perceptions of an inconvenient American healthcare system, a lack of knowledge of American healthcare providers on culturally related health risks, a dislike of medical procedures, and no preventive measures. Sociocultural facilitators and barriers add new knowledge in a field with scarce information available. The study findings lay the groundwork for developing culturally relevant interventions that enhance healthcare providers' awareness while empowering Korean Americans to prevent gastric cancer.

Concept and Development of Resident Training Program for General Competencies

Resident training programs in South Korea lag far behind that of advanced countries. Given the problems the current system in South Korea has, it is time to consider a new resident training system, resident training for general competencies. Training for the general competencies was practiced in medical fields in advanced countries such as the USA, Canada, and the UK as early as 20 years ago. This system has rendered itself a key component of resident training. Although a few theoretical procedures on general competencies have been practiced in South Korea, the awareness of this concept is still very weak, and the application of the theory to actual training is a long way off from becoming effective. It is urgent for South Korea to adopt competency- and outcome-based training for general competencies. To this end, the knowledge of the concept of this type of training should be improved. Also, the system should be carefully designed to cover a doctor’s whole career, and be applied immediately. The competency- and outcome-based training for general competencies is a system that assures high level qualifications. It reflects the needs of our society under the recognition that a professional organization should be committed and accountable in order to respond to social demands. As the benefits of the new training system reach the public and medical care consumers, training-related expenses should be borne by social costs.

Finding beneficiaries: trade adjustment assistance system in South Korea

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the essential cause for the policy failure of Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) in South Korea.Design/methodology/approachTo substantiate the claims made for the failure of the policy, this paper focuses on the differences in policy preferences among the government ministries and agencies involved in TAA.FindingsThe failure in the TAA policy, according to this study, was attributed to the conflicts and miscoordination arising from the differences in policy preferences among government ministries and agencies. To rectify this failure, the South Korean government had to revise its laws and regulations several times over a short period.Originality/valueDrawing on the analytical framework of the literature on policy failure, this paper examines the causal relationships between outcomes of TAA policy and the conflicts or miscoordination among government bodies at each stage: initiatives and planning, implementation and operation of the policy.

Cardiovascular events associated with second-line anti-diabetes treatments: analysis of real-world Korean data.

To compare the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality associated with sulfonylurea (SU), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) and thiazolidinedione (TZD) as add-on medications to metformin (MET) therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes. We identified 40 263 individuals who used SU (n = 11 582), DPP4i (n = 26 623) or TZD (n = 2058) in addition to MET between January 2013 and June 2015 from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance, the single-payer healthcare system in South Korea. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for major CVD event (coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke or transient ischaemic attack) development and all-cause mortality by second-line anti-diabetes medication type. Age, sex, duration of MET monotherapy, calendar year and comorbid conditions were adjusted as potential confounders. The observed numbers of CVD events (total observed person-time) were 485 (18 778 person-years) for MET + SU, 744 (40 374 person-years) for MET + DPP4i and 60 (3014 person-years) for MET + TZD users. Compared with MET + SU users, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for CVD events were 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.89] for MET + DPP4i users and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65-1.11) for MET + TZD users. The corresponding hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66-1.07) for MET + DPP4i users and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.35-1.28) for MET + TZD users. Analysis of Korea National Health Insurance database showed that MET + DPP4i treatment for diabetes had a lower CVD risk than MET + SU treatment.