Software Systems Research Articles

How automated insurance authorization affects transparency, provider burden, and payer policies and processes: The true impact of prior authorization.

5 Background: Insurance prior authorization (PA) is pervasive in modern oncology treatment, with both Medical and Radiation Oncology ranked among the top 5 in a survey of PA burdens across all medical specialties. The cumbersome process delays patient care and increases provider friction, with a major contributor being the perceived lack of transparency regarding PA decisions. Challenges arise because policies are often located behind portal logins, are inaccessible within the clinical workflow, or are too broad to capture patient nuances. We hypothesized that integrating automated insurance authorization software into the clinical workflow would enhance transparency to payer policies. Additionally, we investigated whether these policies could predict whether authorizations would be issued. Methods: We tracked radiation medicine treatment PA requests at a multisite academic healthcare network. Cases were tracked utilizing a standard clinical EMR. We concurrently implemented InsightRT (Siris Medical, Division of TurningPoint Healthcare), an EMR-integrated software system, to automate authorization documentation by capturing and transmitting patient and treatment characteristics. The online portal informed whether a prescribed treatment met the payer policy and tracked the approval process. A pilot subset of physicians was transitioned to using InsightRT. Results: A total of 1418 non-Medicare/Medicaid PA requests were tracked, with 1235 using the traditional clinical workflow and 183 utilizing InsightRT. The software system indicated 162 (88.5%) were “in policy” and only 2 prescriptions were eventually denied. Of the 21 (11.5%) prescriptions that were "Out of Policy" as indicated by the software, only 1 was denied. Sensitivity and specificity of Insight RT policy determination was 98.8% and 97.6% respectively. Overall, there were 43 denials across a total of 1418 cases with payer review only downgrading or changing 4 cases out of 1418, or 0.3%. The other 39 denials were overturned, with 23 (59%) by peer-to-peer (P2P), and 16 (41%) by documentation review. Conclusions: Automated insurance prior authorization provides increased transparency to the provider with high sensitivity and specificity. However, improvements to payer policies and processes are needed to decrease unnecessary burden and delays to care, as the true impact of PA is limited to 0.3% in this cohort. All cases from 12/23 - 5/24. All Cases from non Medicare/Medicaid 1418 Cases processed in InsightRT 183 Cases processed in EMR and not InsightRT 1235 Denials 43 Overturned denials that went to P2P 23 Overturned denials that only needed clinical documentation 16 Cases with confirmed P2P that were downgraded 4 The True Impact of PA - % of all cases changed due to PA 0.30%

Development of a space-compatible packaging system for an integrated monolithic ultra-stable optical reference.

We report the development of a space-compatible packaging system for an integrated monolithic ultra-stable optical reference toward China's next-generation geodesy mission with low orbit satellite-to-satellite tracking. Building on our previous work, we optimized the mounting structure and thermal insulation mechanism using the finite element method. The comprehensive simulation results demonstrated the robustness of the entire packaging system with enough margins to withstand severe launch loads and maintain an ultra-high geometric cavity length stability. A long-term prediction of the vacuum maintenance around the cavity during in-orbit operation was conducted. An engineering prototype, within which an integrated monolithic optical reference has been mounted, was built based on our optimized design, and it has successfully passed typical aerospace environmental tests, including sinusoidal vibration (∼10g, 10-100Hz), random vibration (∼0.045g2/Hz, 10-2000Hz), and thermal cycling (0-45, 3 °C/min, lasting for 90h). The experimental thermal time constant of the prototype exceeded 9.5 × 104 s, enabling a temperature stability of 1.1 × 10-6K/Hz1/2 at 10 mHz on the optical cavity, with external active temperature control. The design is also suitable and useful for laboratory and terrestrial applications.

Front and Back Covers, Volume 40, Number 5. October 2024

Front and back cover caption, volume 40 issue 5ALGORITHMIC POLICING & AIThis image captures Roberto J. González's exploration of algorithmic policing in America in this issue. Cameras survey a stylized urban landscape, symbolizing the pervasive reach of artificial intelligence in modern law enforcement.González examines various technologies of surveillance: predictive policing platforms, facial recognition software and acoustic gunshot detection systems. Its algorithmic composition hints at the complex mathematical models underpinning these tools, which claim to forecast crime and identify potential offenders.Below, the cityscape appears as a mix of physical structures and data points, blurring the line between the tangible world and its digital representation. This visual metaphor represents the technologies that are reshaping our understanding of urban spaces, often reinforcing existing patterns of surveillance and control in marginalized communities.The ominous tone and starkness of the image echo the article's critical perspective on the unchecked expansion of algorithmic policing. The article raises questions about privacy, consent, and the potential for these systems to amplify biases and errors in law enforcement decisions.The human stories behind these technologies – from wrongful arrests to community distrust – are often obscured by promises of efficiency and safety. This reminds us of the need for anthropological scrutiny of these roboprocesses and their impact on social fabrics.The unseen digital infrastructure is increasingly shaping policing practices, reshaping the landscape of public safety and surveillance in America and beyond. This raises important questions about how venture capital, tech startups, and law enforcement agencies are transforming traditional notions of policing and civil liberties in the digital age.Back cover caption, volume 40 issue 5HANDS OF CHANGE: FARMER IDENTITYThis image of the weathered hands of a farmer, cradling rich soil, encapsulates the complex reality of modern European agriculture explored in Eimear Mc Loughlin's article. These hands, which have long symbolized the deep connection between farmers and the land they cultivate, now tell a more nuanced story of an identity in flux.According to Mc Loughlin, the traditional image of the farmer is vanishing because of new pressures that are becoming more intense. These hands, once primarily engaged in the tactile work of cultivating crops and tending to animals bred for food, now increasingly grapple with spreadsheets, regulatory paperwork and the invisible constraints of global markets. The soil they hold represents not just the promise of growth, but also the weight of environmental concerns, stringent regulations and societal expectations.Yet, this image also speaks to the enduring essence of farming that persists despite these challenges. It reminds us of the irreplaceable role farmers play in our food systems and national identities, even as their traditional image evolves. The rich soil suggests the potential for renewal and adaptation, mirroring Mc Loughlin's call for a reimagined agricultural future.As Europe's farmers protest and struggle with their changing identity, this image reminds us of what is at stake. It challenges us to consider how we can support a transition to sustainable farming that reflects the hands‐on work symbolized here while addressing pressing environmental and economic realities. In doing so, we might forge a path where the figure of the farmer does not disappear but evolves, maintaining that crucial connection to the land while navigating the complexities of modern agriculture.

A federated information system framework for vertical integration

The convergence of operational and information technology in the era of Industry 4.0 has significantly increased the volume of data being generated on the manufacturing shop floors. Current research trends have focused on integrating this data with information present throughout the different systems in manufacturing facilities from Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) to Manufacturing Execution System (MES) software, otherwise known as vertical integration. More specifically, previous works have looked at aggregating this data being read from Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA) servers by utilizing centralized aggregation servers to create information systems. This article, however, proposes a framework that adopts a federated information system designed to fulfill the manufacturing industry’s requirements and is capable of connecting to different OPC UA servers and storing the data within knowledge graph-based information models. GraphQL servers are also utilized in this system for easy accessibility of information by users. This system provides modularity, scalability, and interoperability to supplement the capabilities of information systems previously implemented. A prototype was also developed in this article for a federated information system for a boiler monitoring system.

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes using water quality indices and GIS technique in Gorgan aquifer

Given the rising concern about limited access to groundwater resource, it is crucial to assess water quality. A total of 68 samples were gathered from 34 wells during 2020 in the dry and wet seasons to study the hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in Gorgan aquifer (Iran) using geographic information system (GIS) software. The mean values of pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, total hardness, fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, sodium and potassium were 7.42, 974.56 (µs/cm), 584.72 (mg/L), 105.56 (mg/L), 45.97 (mg/L), 296.89 (mg/L), 391.11 (mg/L), 0.33 (mg/L), 9.4 (mg/L), 89.82 (mg/L), 75.0 (mg/L), 30.55 (mg/L) and 1.79 (mg/L), respectively. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) varied from 1.86 to 8.66, below the allowable limits of < 10 set for irrigation. Additionally, 64.71 % of samples had a Langelier stability index less than zero, indicating a mild to high potential corrosivity of water. The hydrogeochemical facies of the groundwater were of Ca-Mg-CO3-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4. This study provided a clear picture from hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater regarding the acceptability for drinking, irrigation and industrial usages. However, further monitoring is required to estimate the risks related to droughts, mineral dissolution, saltwater incursion and anthropogenic processes by using GIS and mathematical models.

Determining Residential Areas Based on Bioclimatic Conditions in Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye

Bioclimatic comfort refers to the climatic conditions that contribute to individuals’ physiological and psychological well-being. Criteria such as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed are pivotal in determining bioclimatic comfort. Bioclimatic areas should be taken into consideration in urban planning studies for both human well-being and energy saving. This study endeavors to identify bioclimatic comfort areas tailored for Kahramanmaraş. 57 years of climate data obtained from 32 meteorological stations were used. These data were imported into ArcGIS 10.8 geographic information systems (GIS) software. Bioclimatic comfort levels were analyzed on a monthly, seasonal, and annual basis, employing the Discomfort Index (DI), Heat Index (HI), and Wind Chill Index (WCI). The findings revealed that the optimal bioclimatic conditions fell within specific ranges: a temperature range of 18-25°C, relative humidity between 32-48%, and a wind speed of 1.25 – 2.75 m/s. Ten classes were generated based on bioclimatic suitability. The areas characterized by almost unsuitable bioclimatic comfort cover are 426 km² and 2.93%, less suitable areas encompass 9106 km² and 62.69%, and moderately suitable bioclimatic comfort areas span 4993 km² and 34.38%.

A Meta-Study of Software-Change Intentions

Every software system undergoes changes, for example, to add new features, fix bugs, or refactor code. The importance of understanding software changes has been widely recognized, resulting in various techniques and studies, for instance, on change-impact analysis or classifying developers’ activities. Since changes are triggered by developers’ intentions—something they plan or want to change in the system—many researchers have studied intentions behind changes. While there appears to be a consensus among software-engineering researchers and practitioners that knowing the intentions behind software changes is important, it is not clear how developers can actually benefit from this knowledge. In fact, there is no consolidated, recent overview of the state of the art on software-change intentions (SCIs) and their relevance for software engineering. We present a meta-study of 122 publications, which we used to derive a categorization of SCIs and to discuss motivations, evidence, and techniques relating to SCIs. Unfortunately, we found that individual pieces of research are often disconnected from each other, because a common understanding is missing. Similarly, some publications showcase the potential of knowing SCIs, but more substantial research to understand the practical benefits of knowing SCIs is needed. Our contributions can help researchers and practitioners improve their understanding of SCIs and how SCIs can aid software engineering tasks.

Development of Intelligent Testing and Evaluation System for Fracturing Pump

Abstract Fracturing truck is the key technical equipment for oil and gas production stimulation. Fracturing pump of fracturing truck is subjected to high pressure load for a long time during use. Due to the influence of many factors such as transportation and equipment aging, the performance of fracturing pump in field use is reduced and the output power is insufficient. In order to realize the on-site inspection of fracturing pump, a set of intelligent inspection and evaluation system of fracturing pump is developed. Through the establishment of the hardware test platform and the development of the software system, the intelligent inspection and evaluation system of fracturing pump with the features of one-click automatic detection, automatic analysis of performance indicators, intelligent prediction and maintenance of health status is realized. The system can support the static pressure test, water power test and overpressure protection test of 140MPa ultra-high pressure fracturing pump. Experimental tests show that the test accuracy of the equipment can effectively meet the detection and evaluation needs of the field fracturing truck, ensure the normal function through static pressure and water power detection, and determine the safety of the equipment through overpressure protection detection, which greatly improves the effect and efficiency of fracturing operations.

Cotton Ginners Handbook – Packaging Lint Cotton

Bale packaging is the final step in processing cotton at the gin. Bale packaging is critical to protecting and preserving the quality of the ginned lint during shipping and storage before consumption at the textile mill. Smooth operation of the bale press and associated systems is required for the efficient operation of the ginning plant. Properly shaped bales are important to the safe and efficient handling and storage of bales. The bale press, condenser, and hydraulic systems must be sized to match the design capacity of the ginning plant in order to maximize capacity. Bale presses may be designed to produce Universal Density bales or High Density bales, although only Universal Density bales are currently approved by USDA. Proper maintenance of the bale press and related systems translates into reduced downtime for the ginning plant. All bale packaging, including the bale covering and strapping or ties, must be approved by the Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging Committee in order for the bales to be eligible for collateral in the Commodity Credit Corporation loan program. This manuscript discusses the individual components of a cotton gin bale packaging system and settings to ensure the consistent production of uniform bales of cotton lint.

To Integrate and Optimize the Use of Programmable Logic Controller in Development of Horizontal Flow Wrap Packaging Machinery for Industry Needs

This paper focuses on the use of PLC and HMI in the automation industry for a highly effective and versatile horizontal flow wrap plastic film packaging solution. The machine's functioning and efficiency are thoroughly evaluated through extensive testing and validation procedures across multiple criteria. The main aim of this paper is to do the automatic plastic film packaging of any product with packaging dimensions of 4cm X 5cm. For the process automation the FX5U 32MT PLC of Mitsubishi is used for controlling and automating the system using ladder logic. The result shows that the developed system provides fully automatic wrap packaging of products and able to do automatic packaging of 24 packets in one minute. Additionally, the results show the increased efficiency of product rate in less time for automatic packaging system. Finally, it has been observed that the system is very beneficial for the automatic packaging process using PLC and the process can be monitored and visualized on a display screen using HMI. Future advancements are required in the system to meet industry4.0 needs. By incorporating some smart technologies, deeper integration with Industry 4.0 principles could boost capabilities in data analytics, connectivity, and remote monitoring for predictive maintenance.

Community science can inform invasive species management: Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) in South Africa

Abstract Community science initiatives are revolutionising our ability to detect and respond to biological invasions. Non‐native trees and shrubs are among the world's most damaging invasive species and community science data can be used to inform protocols for managing these invasions. This study explores the utility of iNaturalist in informing management practices for the widely cultivated and naturalised genus Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae; here including the genus Callistemon) in South Africa. We applied data from iNaturalist to assess the distribution and invasion ecology of Melaleuca species in South Africa. Melaleucas, first recorded in South Africa in 1882, have been widely used as garden ornamentals and street trees in the country for over 50 years. Naturalisation of melaleucas in South Africa was first reported in 1998 and the first records of naturalisation/invasiveness for other species are accumulating rapidly. Data on all Melaleuca species in South Africa were downloaded from iNaturalist and analysed using Geographic Information System software. In September 2023, iNaturalist had 3221 records of melaleucas across the country. After checking and filtering, and applying criteria to increase reliability, 2815 records remained, with confirmed identifications of 26 species. These species were recorded in a total of 138 quarter‐degree cells (QDCs) in South Africa (7% of the country); Research Grade (RG, wild‐growing) records occurred in 21 QDCs, records of cultivated plants in 75 QDCs, and 42 QDCs had records of both cultivated and wild‐growing plants. An Invasiveness Index was calculated for each species in the country, provinces, and municipalities, to show which species are already invasive or have substantial invasion debt. Thirty‐two percent of the filtered records were RG (naturalised). The municipality with the highest number of records is the City of Cape Town, with 43% RG records. iNaturalist provided useful information on the occurrence of five Melaleuca species for which no information was available before this study was undertaken. Case studies of invaded habitats highlight that melaleucas have the potential to alter ecosystems incurring substantial control costs. Practical implications: Our study highlights the value of community science data in the detection, monitoring, and management of invasive plant species.

Design and Architecture Definition for Advanced 3D Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging

Advanced 2.5D/3D wafer-level fan-out packaging technologies have been studied widely in literature and industry in recent years. Miniaturization, reduction in manufacturing costs, improvement in performance, and lower power consumption using packaging technologies drive increase in interconnect density and pitch scaling. Heterogeneous systems in package used in advanced packaging often include a combination of silicon, epoxy underfill or mold compounds, and organic or inorganic passivation or redistribution layers. This heterogeneity poses challenges with manufacturability, process selection, package architecture, and test vehicle design. The coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch, wafer warpage, and wafer yield are some of the critical process challenges. Delamination of silicon side wall or passivation to epoxy underfill or mold compound, joint fatigue are critical reliability challenges. This article explores various processes and reliability challenges with 3D wafer-level fan-out packaging and provides package design and architecture guidelines to overcome these failure modes. Stacked die-to-wafer test vehicles have been used for data collection. Different assembly materials, processes, and tooling have been evaluated to define comprehensive design rules.

Дослідження проблем швидкодії програмних додатків

The article presents a study of methods for optimizing the performance of software applications aimed at identifying the most effective combination of internal and external factors that maximize the objective function. A generalized mathematical model is described, which includes the main factors affecting performance, such as computation time, the number of input/output operations, the number of computational operations, algorithm complexity, the volume of data processed, the use of parallelism, the architecture of hardware and software platforms, and code efficiency. The importance of using specialized libraries and tools to accelerate computational processes, which is critically important for achieving high performance in modern software systems, is emphasized. The developed approaches were implemented in software, allowing for the practical evaluation of the proposed methods. Software modules were created to analyze the impact of various factors on performance, considering the specifics of particular tasks and execution environments. The test results demonstrated significant potential for performance improvement through optimization at both the code level and the hardware architecture level. Particular attention is given to the study of memory management, addressing potential challenges that negatively impact performance. The necessity of using a caching system and avoiding duplication of immutable information is highlighted. The identified scenarios are independent of any specific implementation and can therefore be integrated into the developing recommendation system. The research has practical significance, offering comprehensive solutions for optimizing the performance of software systems that can be applied in industrial high-load environments. Further research will focus on expanding the functionality of the recommendation system, integrating more complex optimization models, and conducting large-scale computational experiments to validate the results under real-world conditions.

IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL EXPERIMENTS IN PHYSICS USING COMPUTER VISION

Laboratory experiments in physics are a fundamental basis for studying physical phenomena occurring in nature and a methodological tool that provides visibility of the learning process and conducting experiments is important for the formation of students’ scientific worldview, deep understanding of physical laws and increasing interest in the study of physics. Existing in universities and schools, in addition to traditional ones, modern tools, technologies and approaches, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, computer modelling, online laboratories, virtual laboratory and others, are additional tools for improving the quality of the learning process and teaching techniques, which do not replace full-scale experiments, but only supplement them. In our opinion, for better learning, laboratory installations in physics are needed, with the help of which students can carry out real-life experiments and can broadcast them using innovative computer technologies for distance learning. To implement this task, we reviewed and analysed existing laboratory installations, identified their advantages and disadvantages, and then designed and developed alternative digital experimental set-ups for studying physics phenomena in laboratory conditions of educational institutions based on computer vision technology and presented the results of the study in this article. In carrying out the research tasks, effective methods of conducting scientific research were used, such as theoretical substantiation of the issue, experimental testing of the developed hardware and software systems and computer final processing of experimental data. In summary, the research described in the paper presents an innovative mechanism for integrating object tracking based on computer vision to improve the quality of measurements and new ways of conducting physics experiments. The mechanical laboratory complexes we have developed consist of hardware and software parts. The software part consists of server and client parts. The hardware consists of the main part - the scene, where the physical process takes place, i.e. where a physical object is located, such as a mathematical pendulum, an inclined plane, etc., with the help of which many physical phenomena and processes in mechanics can be demonstrated, and an additional part where a microcomputer and a camera are located. The operating principle of the laboratory installation is based on the use of computer vision technology, i.e. a system for monitoring the ongoing physical process, consisting of a digital camera for image processing, object identification and data export, and a microcomputer for processing experimental data. The use of the experimental installations in the process of teaching physics is a new model of teaching with a promising future in secondary and higher education, and the installations themselves will become tools for offline and online learning, due to the use of computer vision technology, revealing new opportunities and approaches to teaching.

Software data objects application integrity modeling in medication dispensing errors predictions using machine learning algorithms in workflow-based pharmacy software systems

The study focuses on using the software objects created at each stage of the workflow-based systems (and in our article we can focus on the pharmacy-based medication dispensing software systems) to predict the anomalies or potential issues in that software object constructed at each stage of the workflow using the historical issues recorded in that specific workflow stage using linear regression, decision trees, and neural network algorithms. By utilizing historical data and integrity metrics, the research aims to forecast potential failures and maintain the reliability of software applications. The focus is on employing algorithms such as linear regression, decision trees, and neural networks to enhance predictive accuracy and facilitate informed decisions or recommendations to the workflow users (pharmacists) about the potential medication dispensing error the software objects constructed at that state or workflow could cause and advise to take necessary corrections.

RESIDUAL - STRESS AND TEMPERATURE FIELDS IN SURFACE TESTING: FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Numerous advancements have been made to treat part surfacing, however, the presence of surface imperfections resulting from finishing processes has raised concerns about their potential to serve as stress concentrators. To address this concern, the present study utilized the power of the finite element method and cutting-edge software applications. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the stress-strain condition of material surfaces post-finishing, leveraging the comprehensive capabilities offered by these software systems. A significant component of the investigation centered on the influence of non-stationary temperature fields, as monitored by dynamic thermoelements, on the stress-strain dynamics within material surfaces. Visualization techniques were employed to depict the specified field functions, revealing notable variations in temperature distribution. The findings demonstrated that the standard function identified the highest temperature area within the 3-7-4 node segment, while the alternative function pinpointed it within the 4-node segment, indicated by the red area. These outcomes highlight the valuable role of non-stationary temperature fields in balancing the mechanical and physical aspects of the finishing process. This study contributes significant insights into the post-finishing stress-strain state of material surfaces, emphasizing the potential advantages of using modern software systems for in-depth exploration.

Preservative Effect of a Gelatin-Based Film Including a Gelidium sp. Flour Extract on Refrigerated Atlantic Mackerel

This research evaluated the preservative properties of flour from the alga Gelidium sp., which is a waste substrate resulting from commercial phycocolloid extraction. Gelatin-based biofilms, which included two different concentrations of red alga flour, were developed and used as packaging systems during refrigerated storage (up to 9 days at 4 °C) of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) muscle. In all batches tested, a progressive decrease in quality could be observed in the muscle of the fish as the storage time increased. Compared with the control fish, the Gelidium alga flour extract had an inhibitory effect (p &lt; 0.05) on microbial activity (total aerobes, psychrotrophs, and proteolytic bacteria), lipid oxidation (peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, fluorescence and polyene indices), lipid hydrolysis (formation of free fatty acids) and pH increase in refrigerated mackerel muscle. In contrast, no significant effect (p &gt; 0.05) was observed on trimethylamine formation, Enterobacteriaceae, or lipolytic bacteria counts. A preservative effect resulting from the incorporation of Gelidium alga flour into the gelatin-based biofilm was observed, indicating both quality and safety enhancement. In accordance with current global interest in the search for natural and waste sources, a novel and beneficial use of Gelidium flour for enhancing the quality of refrigerated fish has been proposed.

РАЗРАБОТКА ПРОГРАММЫ РАСЧЕТА ПАРАМЕТРОВ СХЕМЫ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ ТРЕХФАЗНОГО АСИНХРОННОГО ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЯ

The article is devoted to developing a program for calculating the parameters of a T-shaped equivalent circuit of three-phase asynchronous electric motors. The relevance of this work is due to the need to obtain reliable results of computer simulation modelling of electric drive systems in software packages. The aim of the study is to implement in a convenient software interface an analytical technique for calculating the parameters of an asynchronous motor equivalent circuit with minimal deviations from the catalogue data. For the software calculation of the equivalent circuit parameters the paper considers analytical approximation and iterative counting techniques, since they do not require experiments on industrial electrical equipment. A comparative analysis of such techniques is performed using the example of a three-phase asynchronous motor brand BA280S4 with a power of 110 kW. The results of the compar-ative analysis show that the highest reliability of the mechanical and electromechanical characteristics is achieved in the case of using the iterative counting technique with minimizing the objective function of the sum of the weighted squares of the deviations of the control point values from the catalogue data. The authors implement the program for calculating the equivalent circuit parameters according to the selected calculation method in the Embarcadero Delphi environment. The reliable values of the electric motor parameters calculated by the program will allow for computer to model electric drive systems that best matches real objects.

IoT Integrated Smart Parking Zone and Website with Stand-alone System and Wireless Technology

The research project works to digitalize the full parking management system, transform the manual parking methods, solve traffic and road congestion problem and show live updates of the designated parking slots. It is ecofriendly and eliminates human interaction. It also offers personal and corporate business earnings. In the project, anyone can book time slots for parking following their convenient schedule, pay bills via the online payment system, control the entrance while entering and exit gate in the parking area with the vehicle using the website system. Users do not have to use any extra identity instrument, like- RFID Cards, QR Codes etc. The system will verify them by online credentials. Moreover, people can see the live slot updates for better security. The project collaborated with 3 major technology parts which are practical hardware, software and database system. NodeMCU, Ultrasonic Sensors, Servo motors, and other technical components are used in the hardware part. PHP, HTML, JavaScript, CSS etc. codes are implemented for the website development. Firebase Realtime Database and MySQL are integrated for the cloud and local database management with the hardware and software parts for building the IoT technology environment and infrastructure.

RESEARCH ON THE STANDARDIZATION AND VISUALIZATION PLATFORM FOR MONITORING AND TESTING DATA OF METRO CIVIL FACILITIES BASED ON BIG DATA

Introduction: With consideration for extensive standardized detection and monitoring data, multi-source data fusion analysis and comparison were implemented at cross-project and inter-regional levels to provide robust data support for the full life-cycle management of metro civil facilities. The purpose of the study was to integrate detection and monitoring data on metro bridges and tunnel structures and address the significant data isolation issue in existing systems and various units. Based on big data and Internet of Things technology, this paper investigates the standardized format of uploading, storage, processing, sharing, and other types of managing detection and monitoring data on metro bridges and tunnel structures. Additionally, a third-party data standardization and visualization platform for bridges and tunnel structures was developed, ensuring integration of detection and monitoring data fusion. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: theoretical analysis and software system development. As a result, the practicability and feasibility of the platform were verified through practical applications.