System In Romania Research Articles

The Architecture of the Public Procurement System in Romania

Abstract Nowadays, the field of public procurement has evolved both in terms of the conceptual approach and in terms of the design of a reliable and effective public procurement system. All public institutions or public bodies belonging to the European space are struggling to cope with the budgetary constraints imposed by the reduction of oversized public spending and the increasing public pressure, in order to make public procurement more transparent in the sense of using public money. On the other hand, experts in the field of public procurement are facing another problem, namely the emergence of new technologies that are constantly developing and generate difficulties related to the qualitative choice of products, works or services, new challenges in the development and conclusion of commercial agreements, and especially difficulties in observing the environmental norms. From the perspective of the contracting authority, they are increasingly basing their activities on the online environment for public procurement, using this field in order to reach the economic objectives. The public procurement system has the general meaning of principles and rules in relation to the purchase of products, services or works based on special contracts, i.e. public procurement contracts, completed by a community. As the public body is represented by the state through its institutions, it can be stated that this system administers, manages and controls all public institutions in relation to the way of spending public money through the contracts concluded between the state and economic agents.

The Impact of Training Programs on Professional Learning and Development (PLD). A study for Romania

Training programs focused on professional learning and development are meant to provide teachers with opportunities to develop their professional competencies for teaching in specific domains. These programs represent an important branch of the educational system in Romania. In the study that we have initiated we have tested and validated the hypothesis that identifying professional training needs and offering specific courses in order to develop the professional competencies represents a key condition for teachers’ effectiveness in terms of their professional learning and development. The methods and instruments for educational research that we used in the present study are both qualitative and quantitative, based on questionnaires, individual interviews and focus group interviews. The reason why we opted for the mixed methods is because quantitative research throughout questionnaires does not always allow participants to explain their choices or the meaning of the questions. The quantitative survey was carried out on a non-probabilistic sample (770 teachers) and the focus groups were conducted with groups of 10 randomly selected respondents from the training program. All the teachers participating in our study are from pre-university education and have participated in continuing education programs accredited by the Department of Educational Sciences of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.

Social Construction of the Legal System. Research in the Northeastern Region of Romania

This research pursues the social construction of the idea of justice among citizens by measuring the public opinion on the legal system in Romania. A number of aspects involved in the process of social construction of the concept of justice were considered, such as the role of the legal system in Romanian society, the level of transparency of the legal system, the implementation of ethics in Romanian legal system, the level of perceived remuneration of Romanian legal system etc. The research was conducted in the Northeastern region of Romania, based on sociological inquiry through questionnaire. The thematic axes of the questionnaire aimed: the sources of public information on the functioning of the legal system, the perceived level of professionalism of the personnel in the legal system, the public perception on integrity and the observance of ethical standards in the legal system, the level of remuneration in Romanian legal system, the respect for the state of law in Romania, the trust in the component institutions of the legal system in Romania.

Do Fiscal Rules Constrain Fiscal Policy in Romania?

At both macroeconomic and national level, in recent decades, European tax policies have shown a particular interest in addressing the spectrum of risk issues in terms of maturing the business environment and the lack of sustainable development of the economy. In Romania there has been a significant increase in public debt, which is increasingly threatening fiscal sustainability. This is due to fiscal rules that restrict the applicability of fiscal policy to balancing the national economy. However, fiscal policy did not act in the direction of economic recovery during the crisis that started in the last quarter of 2008, which had a negative impact on the Romanian business environment. Objectively, fiscal policy should manifest itself as a general framework of the economy on the basis of which to develop fiscal rules that act in the direction of sustainable development of the business environment and implicitly, of socio-economic life. The research carried out referred to identify how fiscal rules in Romania restrict the application of fiscal policy as well as whether there is an explicit concordance between them. The research methodology aimed to use the ARDL model to apply the Granger causality test, using quarterly data for a set of four indicators, being identified that Romanian fiscal rules restrict fiscal policy. The achieved results highlighted the fact that fiscal rules restrict fiscal policy, being identified a long-run relationship between the analyzed variables and implicitly, a state of instability of the fiscal system in Romania.
 Keywords: fiscal policy, autoregressive distributed-lagged model, Granger causality test.

Romania: university and politics in the 1980s. Case study: the University of Bucharest, the 1980s

The presentation I am submitting to your attention focuses on how the University of Bucharest operated during the 1980’s, a very difficult period for Romania. As to be expected, the University of Bucharest, like the entire Romanian education system, took the full blow of communist experimental policies, reflecting quite accurately the general developments of the political system in Romania in the 1980s. The structure of Bucharest University, the curriculum, acceptance of the students via admission exams as well as the process of assignment of graduates from University of Bucharest to production units in the 1980’s, are aspects of university life which were all affected by profound changes during the period subject to the research, leading to a genuine phenomenon in the Romanian society. The way these changes were reflected in the cultural mindset and the traumas generated by them are all points of interest addressed in my presentation.

Overview of the pediatric healthcare system in Romania.

Until 1989, Romania was one of the countries of the communist bloc in Europe and its healthcare system was characterized by centralized planning and severe underfunding, with low performance and low quality healthcare. Since 1998, Romania replaced the Semashko model with a social health insurance system, highly centralized under the management of the Ministry of Health as the central administrative authority. After joining the European Union, quality of life increased in our country and there were efforts to improve the quality of healthcare, including pediatric and neonatal care. Still, Romania has the lowest share of health expenditure of gross domestic product among the European Union Member States and the lowest level of expenditure per inhabitant. The Romanian health system is organized on three levels of assistance: primary, secondary and tertiary assistance. This overview presents the organization and the characteristics of pediatric and neonatal healthcare in Romania at all levels, the infrastructure and the human resources, the educational system from medical school to pediatric residency, professional organizations, national health programs, and the child health status in Romania. Infant mortality, the most descriptive single indicator of the quality of a health system, decreased constantly for the last 30 years in Romania, but is still the highest in the European Union. Even though there were great improvements in the healthcare for children, more efforts should be made to assure a better quality of care for the future of our nation, both on the human resources (in great danger due to the brain-drain of medical professionals during the last 12 years), and on the infrastructure plan.

Development of the Child Protection System in Romania

The child protection system has been undergoing a continuous transformation since 1989. After the change of regime, orphanages were gradually abolished, and children’s homes and family-type houses were established instead. The study seeks to outline the change in attitude that has developed in the care of children growing up in families without children in Romania over the past 30 years. Three main periods of the decentralization process are distinguished, along which I also presented the last 30 years of the child protection system. The transformation of the Romanian child protection system has also had to deal with a number of obstacles, but its legal regulations are in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as it focuses on new principles such as person-centeredness, child and family participation and community involvement. However, there is still a large gap between theory and implementation. A government decree stipulates that by the end of 2020, all child protection centers should be dismantled and priority should be given to placement with relatives, adoption or a foster care program. It also obliges the institutions of the child protection system to help young people who leave the system to find housing and jobs. Getting out of the system, leaving the child protection system, is also a big challenge for all participants. A young adult who is successfully integrated into society can be one of the most authentic confirmations of a well-functioning system, which can even serve as a guide for further interventions and transformations. Keywords: child protection system, change, challenge

Development of the child protection system in Romania for the past 30 years

This study analyzes developments in the child protection system in Romania for the past 30 years. Based on the typologies created at international level, it identifies three key phases of development, mainly regarding deinstitutionalization process, started in 1997. The first phase of deinstitutionalization, up to 2001, caused by limited funds and the need to get quick results, the efforts concerning development of alternative type of care have mainly targeted a cost-efficient approach like placement in the extended family, foster care and adoption. Family type of services registered an extremely rapid and impressive development. Yet, monitoring capacity has not been adequately developed alongside this progressive development. The second phase of reforms (2002-2007) can be considered as an accelerated phase of deinstitutionalization. It has been very well supported by public awareness campaigns, with a consistent funding, that substantially supported the process. In 2004, a new legislative framework has been adopted, making a transition from a system centered around protecting children in difficult situation towards a system envisaging promotion and fullfiiling rights of all children. After 2007, deinstitutionalization process continued to be developed, but at a much slower pace, while only in 2014 a new more accelerated process of deinstitutionalization has been claimed and started since 2016. Based on the key characteristics of the system presented in evolution, the paper concludes with a series of development needs in the field of child protection system in Romania.

Madness and the Alienation of Intellectuals in Saul Bellow’s World of Fiction

This paper crystallizes how and why Bellow’s intellectual heroes in his later novels are men of ideas, dissenters and revolutionists of the age, though marginalized, victimized, degraded, disregarded, and forgotten in spite of their celebrity and contributions to American culture. The reason behind this partly exists in their being idealists, men of imagination and letters and partly because of the spoilt capitalistic American culture. Herzog satirizes the norms of the masses, and ironically and sympathetically is mocked by Bellow himself for his being too utopian. Henderson, Sammler and Humboldt sketch the decline of humanism and the agony of the intellectual. Corde illustrates this humanistic fall through the crisis of the communist system in Romania. Because of this cultural backdrop, American intellectuals are destined to suffer, feel agony and alienation. Here Bellow suggests subversion and deconstruction to the norms of his society. More strikingly, he adopts the strategy of being ‘forever en route,’ forever re-evaluating one’s beliefs and ideals. The madness of his heroes is only a moment wisdom and over consciousness about the necessity of replacing the culture of masses and capitalism. Deeply behind this, Bellow maintains that the promises of the Enlightenment morality—freedom, faith, happiness, altruism, reason, wisdom, humanism, self-autonomy and harmony—have surprisingly turned into their opposites, and have been supplanted by new terms of utilitarian, nihilist, ‘irrational’ discipline characterized by amorality, illusion, risk and the crisis of knowledge.

Alanine pellets comparison using EPR dosimetry in the frame of quality assurance for a Gamma Knife system in Romania

In the last decade, the use of alanine/Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) system was extended to radiotherapy doses. In stereotactic radiosurgery, doses up to 70 Gy are delivered to the brain tumor preserving healthy tissues. This type of treatment is delivered using dedicated equipment, like Cyberknife or Gamma Knife. Alanine dosimeters are characterized by their small size (5 mm diameter) and by similarity with tissue. They are well adapted for this wide dose range for which the dosimeter response is linear, independent of dose rate and energy for the range around few MeV. Therefore Alanine/EPR system is a suitable method for accurate and stable dose measurements as passive dosimeters for narrow treatment beams, which makes it an excellent candidate for end to end testing of radiosurgery treatments using Gamma Knife. The present work describes the development of the alanine/EPR method at Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engeneering (IFIN-HH) in Romania including the optimization of system parameters for the radiosurgery dose range in the frame of an IFIN-HH and the French national metrology institute Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel federated by the Laboratoire National de métrologie et d’Essais (LNE-LNHB) collaboration. Romanian alanine dose measurements capability is presented regarding a comparison of calibration curves between both National Laboratories using Bruker and Synergy Health alanine pellets.

The Economic Influence on the Healthcare System in Romania

Health, in a wider sense cannot be separated from economic development and quality of life. The relations between health, economy and progress are complex and coexist in a total interdependence, health being both a sine qua non condition and an effect of economic development.In this article we conducted research on identifying factors leading to increasing current expenditure on health per capita. Evidence proportion of older people in the population structure has been shown to help explain current health spending per capita.

The Evolution of Measles in Romania Between 2016 and 2018. A comprehesive overview

Measles is an ever-growing threat, a major public health issue, being responsible for a large number of deaths, especially in children. This paper aims to study all cases of measles in Romanian hospitals, cases reported by National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest on a two year period of time; the study focuses on frequency and pattern territorial distribution of cases, temporal evolution, complication rates and the social pressure the such an infectious disease is putting onto the national health system. Data gathered shows a total number of 2,985 for 2016, 10,181 for 2017 and 8,364 for the entire 2018, with a grand total of 21,530 patients analyzed by our study. The analysis clearly shows, on one hand, a descending rate in vaccination coverage, compared with the national assigned target and, on the other hand, a continuous drop in vaccination rates with the first dose of Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), both being in equal manner dangerous situations for the entire health system in Romania.

The Evolution of Measles in Romania Between 2016 and 2018. A comprehesive overview

Measles is an ever-growing threat, a major public health issue, being responsible for a large number of deaths, especially in children. This paper aims to study all cases of measles in Romanian hospitals, cases reported by National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest on a two year period of time; the study focuses on frequency and pattern territorial distribution of cases, temporal evolution, complication rates and the social pressure the such an infectious disease is putting onto the national health system. Data gathered shows a total number of 2,985 for 2016, 10,181 for 2017 and 8,364 for the entire 2018, with a grand total of 21,530 patients analyzed by our study. The analysis clearly shows, on one hand, a descending rate in vaccination coverage, compared with the national assigned target and, on the other hand, a continuous drop in vaccination rates with the first dose of Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), both being in equal manner dangerous situations for the entire health system in Romania. Keywords: measles, evolution, vaccination rate

Regional disparities in the public health care system: Evidence from Romania

Abstract The European Pillar of Social Rights proclaimed the people’s right to access to healthcare facilities and services, irrespective of the geographic residence. Currently, the health system in Romania has a number of major deficiencies, ranging from the lack of state-of-the-art equipment in some hospitals, inadequate medical staff in many hospital units, to the lack of essential, vital medicines needed for treatments prescribed to the sick. The paper aims to analyze the differences in the public health care system between the eight development regions in Romania (Northwest, Center, North-East, South-East, South-Muntenia, Bucharest-Ilfov, South-West Oltenia and West) and to identify the reasons that led to their appearance. The paper presents a detailed examination of the main statistical indicators of the public health care system in Romania using a series of statistical analysis techniques. We founded significant differences amongst the eight development regions in Romania, regarding the functioning of the public health care system. Some regions (such as Bucharest Ilfov) is found to outperform others; these regional gaps are analyzed attempting to highlight the main reasons of the regional disparities.

SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR PEOPLE IN DEPENDENCY SITUATIONS IN SPAIN AND ROMANIA: SAME PHENOMENON, DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT

All European countries face the challenge of protecting a growing number of people in dependency situations as a result of increased life expectancy and ageing rates. Each country's response is determined by its social welfare model. On the basis of the differentiating singularities of Spain and Romania, this article makes a comparative analysis of both social policies of assistance to dependent people between those two countries. 3. This is improvement version of article THE DEPENDENCY CARE SYSTEMS IN SPAIN AND ROMANIA A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLICIES AND MANAGEMENTpublished in SOCIOLOGIAON LINE, no 17, outubro 2018, pp. 15-38

Waste management system in Romania – status and development for bioeconomy

The waste management strategies released and applied in EU countries endeavor to achieve the improvement of natural resources use and efficiency towards reducing the air, water and soil pollution due to improper waste disposal or treatment. This paper is a blueprint on waste generation and waste management Policies, Laws and strategies existing in Romania compared to EU countries. According to Directive 2008/98/EC Waste, is defined as “any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard”. One of the main principles of waste management strategies is to be able to process the waste generated towards reaching as up as possible the Waste Management Hierarchy. From the circular economy concept point of view, the incorrect treatment of waste is representing an important loss of resources, both in raw materials and energy and therefore recycling and reuse should reach a superior level every year.

The analysis of teaching physical education in secondary school

The educational system in Romania, a continually changing system, aims at innovation of the educational process through the necessity of applying a reform. The idea of reform is based on the fact of creating the objectives that lead to the development of the personality of the student specified in legal documents. The discipline of physical education and sport is an important area for secondary school students. The framework of the educational system in Romania includes physical education with two hours per week, included in the main plan of the curriculum, one additional hour taught as optional lesson, sports teams with additional lessons for training the representative teams of the school. Physical education subject gained an imposing status for the secondary school. In order to accomplish this work, I used the method of study of the specialized literature. Documenting is the activity of collecting, searching, sorting out all the information that can help us to reach the goal. The purpose of the paper is to verify a teaching strategy that is very useful during the physical education and sports lessons by using methods to achieve the objectives of physical education, school curricula and increasing the effectiveness of the lesson. The knowledge gathered from the specialized literature highlights the different opinions of the authors stating that we must carefully choose the contents that we use in the educational process in order to have a good efficiency in teaching physical education.

Preventive Measures in the Criminal Procedural System in Romania

Preventive measures are those measures ordered by the judicial bodies in order to ensure the proper conduct of the process and the participation of suspects or defendants in the judicial proceedings. Preventive measures shall also be ordered against persons committing criminal offences and where it is desirable that such persons do not influence witnesses or injured persons, experts or other participants in the criminal proceedings. The Code of Criminal Procedure in Romania regulates five preventive measures: taking in custody, judicial control, judicial control on bail, house arrest and pre-trial arrest. The present work aims to address preventive measures from a theoretical perspective, and we will analyze the conditions of ordering such preventive measures, remedies that may be formulated against these measures, the possibilities for revocation or termination of such measures in certain situations, but also the actual content of such measures.

The Social and Vocational Integration of Former Users of the Child Protection System in Romania: A Qualitative Study

The social and vocational integration of vulnerable groups is an important aspect of social sustainability. Former users of the residential child protection system represent such a group. The purpose of our research was to investigate the social and vocational integration of individuals raised in the child protection system in Romania. Their experiences during and after their time in residential care are analyzed. The research sample was composed of 23 interviewees (18 male and 5 female) with an average age of thirty-five at the time of the interview (SD = 7.49). Our research method was a qualitative one, based on a semi-structured interview. The results paint a generally bleak image of life in such institutions, both before the fall of communism in Romania in December 1989 and subsequently. In addition, the respondents’ transition from institutional life to independent living was full of challenges. Nevertheless, most of the respondents have demonstrated a remarkable level of resilience, based on factors such as education, self-esteem, work, a life partner and the ability to acquire new skills. As a general conclusion, our study has shown that a sustainable social development plan should include social policies which strive for the de-institutionalization of the child protection system by preventing the separation of children from their biological families or, where necessary, by finding family-type solutions for children in difficulty. If institutional childcare is to continue, it must be accompanied by consistent efforts to prepare these children for their transition to independent living.

Understanding the internet banking adoption factors in the Romanian market

Abstract Online banking services create a way to reduce costs, attracting new segments of population and growing the bank performance and improvement of services. Client’s satisfaction is the main benefits of the banks. The aim of the paper is to investigate and to analyze the factors that influence the adoption of internet banking system in Romania. One of the problems faced by consumers using Internet banking is confidentiality. This makes security in transactions to be essential. For this, the main objectives are: identifying critical factors that contribute to the acceptance of internet banking system and the link between them and also identifying the demographic factors that influence the adoption of this system in Romania. The data collection was done by a quantitative research using the questionnaire method as a survey tool and it was made up of questions measured using the Likert scale. It contains variables based on the construct’s relevance to Internet Banking. All assumptions about the relationship between dependent variables and independent variables are developed and tested using multiple reliability, validity, and regression. It was used a statistical software and with it were analised 6 independent variables, named social influence, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived confidence and intention to use Internet banking. The attitude toward using Internet banking system will be the dependent variable. To verify the acceptability model’s validity, it was used the Structural Equations Model. The results are partly supported by the developed hypotheses and are presented after the reliability test where Cronbach’s Alpha is calculated suggesting the internal reliability of the consistency for the scale. The significant effect that influences the attitude toward using Internet banking system is represented by the perceived usefulness, the perceived risk, the perceived confidence and the intention to use internet banking.