The article presents the review of materials of the international scientific conference “Economic system of modern Russia: ways and development goals”. During the conference there was extensive discussion about the economic system of modern Russia, the revival and development of the real sector of the economy based on new technologies, the transformation of a rent-based economy in the innovation economy by re-industrialization, the problem of economic security of Russia in the conditions of external and internal threats. Identified and justified the need for a substantial increase in regulatory activity of the state in modern conditions.