Mobile Systems Research Articles

Luggage Management System in order to Reduce Carbon Emissions and Ensure Sustainability

Air transport is a vital enabler of growth in the economy. It contributes to the economy by supporting trade and tourism. However, air transportation also affects our environment by increasing carbon emissions. Additionally, the use of private vehicles or taxis to access the airport also contributes to carbon emissions. With this study, considering that transportation to the airport has different difficulties in big cities, a mobile system will be developed that offers processes such as airport access, check-in, and luggage delivery in a single module, facilitates the person's transportation process to the airport and aims to protect the environment by directing them to public transportation. The main goal to be achieved with the luggage management software is to direct people's individual transportation to the airport to public transportation and thus, reduce carbon emissions. It is also aimed to automate the check-in process of luggage given to the plane and to reduce the time spent at the airport. Since the main aim of this study is to improve airport luggage handling, a business process improvement (BPM) approach will be adopted. Business process analysis and improvement will be used to identify, analyze, and optimize existing luggage processes. Additionally, user-centered design principles will be applied to add many user interface features to enhance user experience. The systems offering the same service are limited and there is a clear market in this field. The process will be digitized and streamlined. Time lost at the airport is going to be minimized and flight access is going to be facilitated.

Optimization Design of High-Dimensional Parameters MIMO Antenna in Semantic-Based Mobile Applications

To ensure the quality of semantic communication, an optimization scheme for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design using in semantic-based mobile is proposed and verified. The scheme is based on a modified algorithm MOEA/D-BH, which integrates the black-hole (BH) algorithm into multi-objective EA based on decomposition (MOEA/D). By introducing controllable absorption distance and neighborhood learning mechanism, MOEA/D-BH can deal with high-dimension parameters well in a multi-objective optimization problem. Thus, in a limited design space, a satisfied antenna can be optimized by proposed scheme efficiently. This can be a feasible candidate scheme for MIMO antenna design. A single-band and dual-band MIMO antenna, which are applied for semantic-based mobile system, are optimized by proposed scheme sharing the same model. Both the data of simulation and measurement show good electrical and MIMO performances in the working frequency band. Thus not only the performance of the semantic communication definitely improved, but also it provides useful exploration for the development of intelligent semantic mobile systems.

Measuring environmental concentrations of hydrogen peroxide following bath treatment

Measurements of environmental concentrations of hydrogen peroxide following bath treatment at a Norwegian fish farming site was performed by using a flexible, robust and mobile measurement system covering multiple depths, ranging from 5 to 100 m. This system was supported by real-time current and dispersion modelling, making it possible to detect and track the hydrogen peroxide as it spread from the treated net pen. The collected data indicates a complex vertical behaviour of the bath water after the release of the tarpaulin, with hydrogen peroxide found both in the surface layer and at depth within the study area. Concentrations peaked in the upper 40 m near the net pen where the highest concentrations reached 300 mg/L, equivalent to a dilution factor of 5. A falling gradient of concentrations was found with increasing distance from the net pen. Numerical model simulations were used to support and gain further insight into the measured data. Experience gained in the present and in previous studies points also to potential improvements that can be incorporated in future studies, where particular attention should be paid to the near-field effects of the tarpaulin removal, as well as measurements of concentrations further downstream from the fish farm.

Innovation strategies for non-existent markets - Profiting from urban air mobility

Technological advances have paved the way for urban air mobility (UAM) as a new mode of transportation, providing solutions for both inner-city and regional transportation. Novel vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles promise to be less noisy and safer than existing helicopters, thus allowing for an integration of UAM into current mobility systems. However, as this market is non-existent today, companies engaged in this field face several uncertainties. Strategic decision factors supporting VTOL manufacturers to successfully commercialize their innovation are still mainly unassessed. Looking into the innovation strategy literature we find little guidance on how high-technology companies can profit from innovation in so far non-existent markets. We therefore conduct expert interviews that allow us to identify eight decision factors that VTOL manufacturers are expected to take into account when setting up their commercial strategy. Building on the findings from these interviews we suggest to enhance the Profiting from Innovation (PFI) framework by a peripheric sphere that incorporates the impact of external factors on commercial success. This approach on the one hand, allows to provide insights into strategic management approaches of VTOL manufacturers, while on the other hand, this research adds to the scientific literature on strategic decision factors in non-existent markets.

An Analysis of Student's Academic Achievement in Genetic Algorithms Based on Mobile Learning Applications

Several scholars have focused on this area due to the significance of mobile technology in the educational process, resulting in a substantial body of scholarly work. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of mobile learning on students’ academic performance. The meta-analysis approach was utilized in this research. The available research was examined using several databases to find the relevant studies that were within the scope of the investigation. The study’s inclusion criteria and components were implemented following a literature review. This research proposes a mobile education system approach based on genetic algorithms to address the issues with the current system. The analysis findings indicate that most of them stay at around 10%. The salary only slightly increases when numerous individuals teach, but it also falls within a regular, appropriate range that can accommodate more complex tasks. According to the factor analysis findings, the influence of mobile educational devices on students’ learning performance varied depending on the course and subject. However, it remained constant regardless of the students’ education level and implementation duration. Apart from the previously mentioned research findings, this article also includes a descriptive analysis of the studies that were part of the meta-analysis.

Image-Aided LiDAR Extraction, Classification, and Characterization of Lane Markings from Mobile Mapping Data

The documentation of roadway factors (such as roadway geometry, lane marking retroreflectivity/classification, and lane width) through the inventory of lane markings can reduce accidents and facilitate road safety analyses. Typically, lane marking inventory is established using either imagery or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected by mobile mapping systems (MMS). However, it is important to consider the strengths and weaknesses of both camera and LiDAR units when establishing lane marking inventory. Images may be susceptible to weather and lighting conditions, and lane marking might be obstructed by neighboring traffic. They also lack 3D and intensity information, although color information is available. On the other hand, LiDAR data are not affected by adverse weather and lighting conditions, and they have minimal occlusions. Moreover, LiDAR data provide 3D and intensity information. Considering the complementary characteristics of camera and LiDAR units, an image-aided LiDAR framework would be highly advantageous for lane marking inventory. In this context, an image-aided LiDAR framework means that the lane markings generated from one modality (i.e., either an image or LiDAR) are enhanced by those derived from the other one (i.e., either imagery or LiDAR). In addition, a reporting mechanism that can handle multi-modal datasets from different MMS sensors is necessary for the visualization of inventory results. This study proposes an image-aided LiDAR lane marking inventory framework that can handle up to five lanes per driving direction, as well as multiple imaging and LiDAR sensors onboard an MMS. The framework utilizes lane markings extracted from images to improve LiDAR-based extraction. Thereafter, intensity profiles and lane width estimates can be derived using the image-aided LiDAR lane markings. Finally, imagery/LiDAR data, intensity profiles, and lane width estimates can be visualized through a web portal that has been developed in this study. For the performance evaluation of the proposed framework, lane markings obtained through LiDAR-based, image-based, and image-aided LiDAR approaches are compared against manually established ones. The evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework effectively compensates for the omission errors in the LiDAR-based extraction, as evidenced by an increase in the recall from 87.6% to 91.6%.

Logical Platforms for Mobile Application in Decision Support Systems Based on Color Information Processing

Logical Platforms for Mobile Application in Decision Support Systems Based on Color Information Processing

Coverage Analysis and Proposed Cell Sizes to Enhance the Performance of the 5G Cellular System

The global demand for more digital data motivates the evolution of mobile communication systems from 2G and 3G to 4G and 5G to support high data rate applications. The International Mobile Telecommuication-2020 (IMT-2020) defined the minimum technical performance requirements and guidelines for evaluating the 5G mobile cellular system. The New Radio (NR) millimeter wave (mmWave) and massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) antenna systems are technologies used in the 5G cellular system. Therefore, this paper studies the performance of the mmWave system combined with the mMIMO antenna system using the IMT-2020 channel model in a dense urban microenvironment, considering different frequency bands and numbers of elements at the Base Station (BS) antenna array. The performance is evaluated through system-level simulation in terms of Signal power to Noise power Ratio (SNR), Spectral Efficiency (SE), and cell edge user SE. A cell size reduction technique is proposed to meet the target requirements set by IMT-2020. Simulation results showed that the sub. 6 GHz frequency bands achieve the target SE of IMT-2020, while in the mmWave frequency range, the target SE requirement can be achieved using a high number of antenna elements at the BS antenna for some frequency bands.

THE CARBON FOOTPRINT AND MONETARY VALUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAIRMENT BY THE DISPLACEMENT TOWARDS PROTECTED AREAS IN ECUADOR

Objective: Generate environmental awareness and economic valuation of the pollution caused by the movement of people to the protected areas (PA) of Ecuador from the city of Ambato. Theoretical Framework: The perspectives of alternative development and sustainable development models provide the theoretical framework that supports this work and allows us to envision alternatives for solving environmental conflicts such as pollution and environmental deterioration of the country's protected areas. Method: The methodology used was built based on environmental assessment methods. Thus, first, the country's protected areas were identified, and the distances from Ambato to the PAs in kilometers were calculated. Then, the fuel used for the trip was calculated, as well as the fuel consumption of the round trip, which helped to obtain the carbon footprint generated by the transfer and determine the environmental cost of the carbon dioxide emission. Results and Discussion: The investigation results determined that the cost of environmental contamination when visiting the 47 Ecuadorian protected areas was $395,391.37. Research Implications: However, the contribution of this study focuses on providing evidence that conserving nature is more profitable than exploiting it. Originality/Value: The study demonstrates the need to change transportation for a sustainable mobility system to achieve social, economic, and environmental balance.

Working of E-Ticketing for Public Buses

The transition from manual, cash-based ticketing procedures to a cutting-edge digital system represents a pivotal advancement in modernizing India's public bus transportation. This research paper delves into the working model of e-ticketing for public buses, aimed at addressing long-standing challenges of wait times, operational hurdles, and inefficiencies inherent in traditional systems. By leveraging state-of-the-art digital technology, this initiative aims to revolutionize the public transportation experience, enhancing security, convenience, and operational efficiency for both administrators and passengers. Thus, to provide an agile and smooth ticketing experience, we have proposed the smart application. [4] Key objectives of this research include the elimination of manual cash transactions, reduction of wait times, and mitigation of operational inefficiencies. Through the implementation of a digital ticketing system, the paper explores how transaction processes are streamlined, providing passengers with a seamless interface for ticket purchases. Not only does this innovation enhance transaction security, but it also fosters a more agile and responsive public bus transportation system. The research assesses the tangible benefits of the digital ticketing solution, highlighting its role in increasing passenger flexibility and reducing congestion through shorter wait times and improved traffic flow. Real-time data analytics are examined as a critical tool for administrators, enabling enhanced resource allocation and informed decision-making processes. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the working model of e-ticketing for public buses, offering insights into its functionality, implementation challenges, and the transformative impact it has on India's public transport sector. By promoting a more sophisticated and user-friendly framework, the research underscores the potential of digital ticketing solutions to redefine the landscape of public transportation, paving the way for a more efficient and accessible urban mobility system in India. Key Word: E-ticketing, Public buses, Digital technology, Operational efficiency, Urban mobility

HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOME ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN DIFFERENT HOSPITALS WASTEWATER IN BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ

Antibiotics present the greatest threat to soil and aquatic ecosystems among the different therapeutic groups of medicines (which include prescription drugs and treatments for cancer). The strongest drugs, antibiotics, have been utilized to stop the growth of microorganisms or eradicate them. Using high-performance liquid chromatography technology with fluorescence detection, the amounts of levofloxacin and tetracycline in the wastewater from three hospitals (Medical City, Al-Kindi, and Al-Yarmouk) were determined. Levofloxacin and tetracycline were chosen in this study because they are the most important water pollutants. These antibiotic residues were separated and measured using a gradient elution technique on a reverse-phase C18 column. A combination of methanol and deionized water made up the mobile phase system. For a 20-minute analysis period, the detector's excitation and emission wavelengths were set to 310 and 420 nm, respectively. Cleaning the SPE cartridge came after the extraction using pH 4 citrate buffer. Excellent linear ties (R2 > 0.9998) were seen in the calibration curves for levofloxacin and tetracycline at concentrations between 10 and 40 µg/ml. The limits of detection and quantification for levofloxacin and tetracycline were determined to be 0.61 µg/ml, 2.04 µg/ml, and 0.46 µg/ml and 1.54 µg/ml, respectively. The analysis of residues of antibiotics in various wastewater samples was successfully applied using the suggested methodology. The findings demonstrate the presence of tetracycline and levofloxacin in all wastewater samples. However, Al-Kindi had greater concentrations of them than Medical City and Al-Yarmouk. The proposed technique can be applied to a range of medical products in different wastewater sources, such as hospitals and industrial settings. For citation: Ala’a Abdullwahid Jasim, Wasan Abdulwahid Jasim, Jasim M. S. Jamur HPLC method for the determination of some antibiotic residues in different hospitals wastewater in Baghdad city, Iraq. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 6. P. 21-28. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246706.7035.

CEIU: Consistent and Efficient Incremental Update mechanism for mobile systems on flash storage

The ever-growing sizes and frequent updating of mobile applications cause high network and storage cost for updating. Hence, emerging mobile systems often employ incremental update algorithms, typically HDiffPatch, to upgrade mobile applications. However, we find that existing incremental update algorithms not only generate a significant amount of redundant data accesses, but also lacks of consistency guarantees for the whole package of application. In this paper, we present a novel Consistent and Efficient Incremental Update (CEIU) mechanism for upgrading mobile applications. Firstly, CEIU reduces the memory consumption and file access of incremental updates by reusing the indexes of blocks in the old image rather than copying the blocks. Secondly, CEIU employs a two-level journaling mechanism to ensure the consistency of the whole package and subfiles of the new image. We implement the proposed mechanism in Linux kernel based on TI-LFAT file system and evaluate it with real-world applications. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce 30%–80% memory footprints in comparison with HDiffPatch, the state-of-the-art incremental update algorithm. It also significantly reduces the recovery time when power failure or system crash occurs.

Co-optimize recovery modeling for transportation and power network with multi-type mobile resources dispatching

The dispatching of repair resources and mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) is essential for rapid recovery of distribution systems (DS) after extreme events. However, while causing high losses to power system, extreme events also significantly affect normal operation of transportation network (TN). Therefore, the coordinate recovery model of transportation and power network (TPN) is introduced. The dispatching model of road repair crews (RRCs) and shortest road update model will involve plenty of variables, which are extremely time-consuming. To address this issue, firstly the coupling nexus between TPN and multi-type mobile resources (MMRs) is analyzed. Then, the concept of road island and radial constraints of road repair are introduced to simplify the update of transportation topology and shortest path searching. Finally, we propose a coordinate recovery model of TPN considering the dispatching of MMRs. The case analysis demonstrates that comprehensive recovery strategy of TPN are generated to improve power recovery, especially by power transfer of MESSs, topologized by the behavior of RRCs for TN, and topologized by the behavior of line repair crews (LRCs) for DS. The simplification method reduces model scale and computational complexity, significantly improves the solution efficiency.

Development of a mobile, high-throughput, and low-cost image-based plant growth phenotyping system.

Nondestructive plant phenotyping forms a key technique for unraveling molecular processes underlying plant development and response to the environment. While the emergence of high-throughput phenotyping facilities can further our understanding of plant development and stress responses, their high costs greatly hinder scientific progress. To democratize high-throughput plant phenotyping, we developed sets of low-cost image- and weight-based devices to monitor plant shoot growth and evapotranspiration. We paired these devices to a suite of computational pipelines for integrated and straightforward data analysis. The developed tools were validated for their suitability for large genetic screens by evaluating a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) diversity panel for responses to drought stress. The observed natural variation was used as an input for a genome-wide association study, from which we identified nine genetic loci that might contribute to cowpea drought resilience during early vegetative development. The homologs of the candidate genes were identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and subsequently evaluated for their involvement in drought stress by using available T-DNA insertion mutant lines. These results demonstrate the varied applicability of this low-cost phenotyping system. In the future, we foresee these setups facilitating the identification of genetic components of growth, plant architecture, and stress tolerance across a wide variety of plant species.

Early diagnosis of greenhouse cucumber downy mildew in seedling stage using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology

Cucumber downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, typically remains hidden from view during its initial infection stage. To address this issue, this study proposed an early diagnosis model for greenhouse cucumber downy mildew. This study was conducted under controlled conditions, utilising a large-scale mobile chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system to monitor the samples during their seedling stage on a daily basis from the first day of inoculation. A total of 98 sets of fluorescence parameter values and corresponding fluorescence images were collected. Machine learning methods, such as recursive feature elimination (RFE) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression with L1 regularisation, were used to screen the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Ft_D3, whose corresponding the chlorophyll fluorescence images were used as inputs to the proposed model, following by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) transfer learning method to the early detection task of cucumber downy mildew in fluorescence images. The study improved the topology structure of ResNet50, the network model with a learning rate of 0.001 and 16 cycles as the optimal feature extractor. The results indicated that the enhanced network displayed improved performance in early detection of cucumber downy mildew compared with other CNNs. Infected leaves were distinguished from healthy leaves in the early stages of infection, specifically 3 days before the appearance of symptoms. The accuracy of the model in the task of early diagnosis of downy mildew was 94.76%. This study presents an efficient approach for the photosynthetic characterisation and early identification of cucumber downy mildew.

ANALYSIS OF SHARE PRICES OF NYKAA AND PAYTM AFTER THEIR IPO

The Initial Public Offering (IPO) market is a turning point for many businesses as they seek to grow their business, raise capital, and attract public investment. Going public is a huge deal for every party concerned, from the firm itself to the investors who stand to gain from its growth in the future. Investors, experts, and the general public have been captivated by the initial public offerings (IPOs) of two prominent startups in recent years—Nykaa and Paytm. Nykaa, an e-commerce website based in India, made its stock market debut in November 2021. Things related to personal hygiene and cosmetics are the platform's forte. Nykaa, founded in 2012 by Falguni Nayar, a former investment banker, is currently a major player in the booming cosmetics industry in India. An increase in interest in the company's IPO was driven by the growing demand for cosmetics and the allure of online shopping in India's market. Also in November 2021, India's leading digital payment and financial services platform, Paytm, went public for the first time. When Vijay Shekhar Sharma launched his mobile payment system Paytm in 2010, it revolutionised the way Indians handled their money and made online transactions. The IPO marked a watershed moment in the development of digital payment systems and financial technology, both of which have the potential to radically alter the Indian economy. Investor mood, underlying prospects, and market expectations are all gauged by the share prices of Nykaa and Paytm, which have been the topic of extensive investigation and study since their initial public offerings (IPOs). To understand the factors driving these stocks' performance, it's important to look at more than just financial results; you need to look at industry trends, market sentiment, and company advancements as well. This study aims to examine the performance of Nykaa and Paytm since their IPOs, the factors that have influenced their share prices, and the potential future directions of these companies. Our goal is to help investors make sense of the volatile stock market by studying key indicators, market dynamics, and industry trends. The intricacies of investing in these renowned organisations can be better grasped with this information. After that, we'll take a look at the stock prices of Nykaa and Paytm since their IPOs, analyse the factors that have impacted them, and then draw some conclusions about what this means for investors who are trying to make money off of these companies' fast development. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of Nykaa and Paytm's post-IPO process and use quantitative research, qualitative insights, and industry experience to shed light on the benefits and drawbacks of investing in these companies. The initial public offerings (IPOs) of Nykaa and Paytm have wowed investors and industry participants, proving that technology and innovation can propel value creation. As these businesses make their way as publicly traded corporations, share prices will continue to reflect the interplay between basic considerations, market sentiment, and broader economic trends. Investors can benefit from the ever-changing stock market and make informed decisions by closely monitoring their performance following an initial public offering (IPO).

Sub-6 GHz beamforming with low-cost software-defined radio: Design, testing, and performance evaluation

The rapid evolution of mobile communication systems has led to the introduction of novel technologies and techniques that address existing challenges, such as interference caused by multiple users and transmission through the millimetre-wave band. In this paper, we present a novel approach that utilises a low-cost software defined radio (SDR) unit to enable transmitting and receiving beamforming in the sub-6 GHz band. We provide a detailed account of the underlying concepts and background of beamforming and SDR, outline the design of multiple components, and report on the comprehensive testing and verification of a real-life prototype using over-the-air (OTA) methods. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves outstanding performance, with measurements of bit error rate (BER) that outperform existing solutions. In summary, this work contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance mobile communication systems by providing an innovative, high-performance solution that is cost-effective and reliable using SDR technology in the sub-6 GHz band.

Design of Information System for Pajjaiang Makassar Clinic Based on Web and Mobile

The role of information technology is currently developed according to the current rapid development of the times. The most developed types of information technology are web-based and mobile devices. Web-based and mobile devices are used to facilitate daily activities along with technological advances. One of the important things for everyday life by utilizing technological advances is in the field of health services, especially services at health clinics. In this regard, a web-based and mobile information system was designed at the Pajjaiang Makassar clinic to facilitate service. Making this system uses the waterfall method which is often used in the development of information systems or software. This system consists of 4 actors, namely patients, admins, doctors, and pharmacists. Patients are connected to the mobile application, while admins, doctors, and pharmacists are connected on the web side. The patient registers for the examination, the admin manages the patient's data, the doctor conducts the examination, and the pharmacist manages the available drugs. Everything is interconnected using mysql database as the database and Application Programming Interface (API) to connect it. With this web-based and mobile information system is a form of digitalization process in the field of health services.

Defining and Researching “Dynamic Systems of Systems”

Digital transformation is advancing across industries, enabling products, processes, and business models that change the way we communicate, interact, and live. It radically influences the evolution of existing systems of systems (SoSs), such as mobility systems, production systems, energy systems, or cities, that have grown over a long time. In this article, we discuss what this means for the future of software engineering based on the results of a research project called DynaSoS. We present the data collection methods we applied, including interviews, a literature review, and workshops. As one contribution, we propose a classification scheme for deriving and structuring research challenges and directions. The scheme comprises two dimensions: scope and characteristics. The scope motivates and structures the trend toward an increasingly connected world. The characteristics enhance and adapt established SoS characteristics in order to include novel aspects and to better align them with the structuring of research into different research areas or communities. As a second contribution, we present research challenges using the classification scheme. We have observed that a scheme puts research challenges into context, which is needed for interpreting them. Accordingly, we conclude that our proposals contribute to a common understanding and vision for engineering dynamic SoS.

Mobile hydrogen liquefaction and storage system

A mobile hydrogen liquefaction and storage unit has been developed to demonstrate the liquid hydrogen (LH2) value chain including hydrogen production, liquefaction, storage, transfer, and recovery. This unique LH2 technology demonstrator, or LS20 mobile system, is one of the primary systems for a multipurpose LH2 test platform that evaluates liquefaction, controlled storage, and zero-loss transfer (ZLT) methodologies. The LS20 system has been designed, fabricated, and tested at GenH2. The primary subsystems include an electrolyzer option, gas precooler, Ortho-Para hydrogen converter, cryocooler-based hydrogen liquefier, portable LH2 storage tank, ultralight LH2 vehicle tank for aviation application, safety devices and sensors, automated venting system, associated sensors, instrumentation, and control system. The system was successfully demonstrated by continuous hydrogen liquefaction according to the design specification with the help of an automated control system to maintain the liquid at a desired level without boiloff loss. In addition to liquefaction and controlled storage, the functions of zero-loss transfer, boiloff gas recovery, and re-liquefaction were also demonstrated. The results provide proof-of-concept data for future LH2 infrastructure design as well as the critical LH2 refilling and servicing methodology for many hydrogen mobility applications. The system design, fabrication, operational methodology, and test performance results are discussed.