Diseases Of Circulatory System Research Articles

Смертность от болезней системы кровообращения среди ликвидаторов последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС из числа работников предприятий атомной промышленности

Summary. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mortality from circulatory system diseases (CSD) and its dynamics in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences, workers of nuclear industry enterprises. Materials and research methods. The information base of the study was the data contained in the Industry Register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl NPP accident (ORCh) functioning since 1987 in FGBU GSC FMBC named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia. The database (DB) of the ORCH contains information about 21356 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences. The study covers the period from 1987 to 2021. 304023 persons/years were accumulated in the register for the observation period. The material was processed using the Excel statistical package, the growth rate was calculated when assessing the dynamics of mortality. The results of the study and their analysis. In the structure of CSD mortality (ICD10: I00-I99,9) in liquidators of Chernobyl accident consequences the first rank place is occupied by chronic ischaemic heart disease unspecified (CIHD) (ICD10: I25,9), the second rank place – cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) (ICD10: I67,9), the third rank place – Unspecified cardiomyopathy (ICD10: I42,9). The growth rate of CSD mortality during the observation period is mainly positive, the highest in liquidators of working age.

Lipid profile in elderly and centenarian subjects in Kazakhstan: a case-control study

Introduction. The health of centenarians is a major focus in global studies. Dyslipidemia is directly linked to the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which pose a growing burden on healthcare due to the increasing elderly population. Studying the lipid profiles of centenarians is important for preventing circulatory system diseases and promoting healthy aging. This research aims to compare the prevalence of dyslipidemia in centenarians (median age 96 [95-97]) with elderly individuals (median age was 69 [64 – 74]) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and examine potential predictors of dyslipidemia in the centenarian group. Methods. The study involved 46 centenarians (study group) and 82 elderly individuals (control group). Statistical analysis was used to process the data, including blood markers and demographic variables, to identify factors contributing to dyslipidemia. Results and conclusion. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in centenarians was 32.6% (15 people - 3 men; 12 women), with elevated LDL levels in 4.3% (2 women). In the control group, hypercholesterolemia prevalence was 29.3% (24 people - 6 men; 18 women) and elevated triglycerides in 6.1% (3 women; 2 men). The study and control groups were compared based on their lipid profile characteristics, which showed similarities as indicated by all p-values being above 0.05: Cholesterol (p=0.348), HDL (p=0.975), LDL (p=0.161), and Triglycerides (p=0.159). Decreased physical activity was a predictor of dyslipidemia in centenarians. Excessive cholesterol levels were significantly higher among women than men in both groups. The primary factor for dyslipidemia was low physical activity, with other predictors having no significant impact on the lipid profiles of centenarians. This factor should be considered when assessing cardiovascular disease risks and all-cause mortality.

Effect of various temperature indicators on patients' hospitalization with cardiovascular diseases in Zhangye city, China.

This study assessed the impact of various temperature indices, including mean temperature (MT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and temperature changes between neighboring days (TCN) on hospitalization rates for cardiovascular system diseases among residents of Zhangye City, a typical western city in China. The Quasi-Poisson generalized additive regression model (GAM) in conjunction with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was applied to estimate the association of temperature indices with CVD hospitalization rates in Zhangye City during the periods of 2015-2021. The exposure-response relationship and relative risk were discussed and stratified analyses by age and gender were conducted. We found that the hospitalization rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients in Zhangye City was significantly related to different temperature indicators (MT, DTR, TCN). Both low and high MT, DTR, and TCN increased the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among residents. Besides, different demographic populations exhibited distinct sensitivities to temperature conditions. Relevant authorities should devise corresponding preventive and control measures to protect vulnerable populations.

CHRONIC HEART FAILURE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN KAZAKHSTAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES

The article discusses the etiologic factors contributing to chronic heart failure (CHF) development, as well as CHF main causes. Statistics on CHF prevalence and mortality in Kazakhstan over the past decades is presented in brief. Clinical guidelines of the Kazakhstan Cardiology Society describe many risk factors for CHF in detail, including both underlying and concomitant diseases. According to statistics, 4.7 % of Kazakhstan population (approximately 320,000 people) suffer from CHF. The most common causes or concomitant diseases contributing to CHF development are arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, malignant neoplasms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic anemia. The highest incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is observed in Almaty – 4 %. Mortality from circulatory system diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan decreased from 207.4 cases per 100,000 people in 2012 to 178.92 cases in 2016. Differences in approaches to CHF coding in the structure of clinical and pathological diagnosis significantly affect data accuracy on CHF prevalence and mortality. These differences are due to the fact that CHF is not an independent disease; it is rather a complication. When we speak about CHF as a disease, we usually consider it as a deuteropathy. Thus, CHF often does not have a code in the structure of the lifetime diagnosis and it is not considered as the primary cause of death in the case of fatality. As a result, we understand the significant impact of CHF on mortality, but do not have an accurate idea of the real scale of the problem.

Construction of machine learning diagnostic models for cardiovascular pan-disease based on blood routine and biochemical detection data

BackgroundCardiovascular disease, also known as circulation system disease, remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional methods for diagnosing cardiovascular disease are often expensive and time-consuming. So the purpose of this study is to construct machine learning models for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases using easily accessible blood routine and biochemical detection data and explore the unique hematologic features of cardiovascular diseases, including some metabolic indicators.MethodsAfter the data preprocessing, 25,794 healthy people and 32,822 circulation system disease patients with the blood routine and biochemical detection data were utilized for our study. We selected logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and deep neural network to construct models. Finally, the SHAP algorithm was used to interpret models.ResultsThe circulation system disease prediction model constructed by XGBoost possessed the best performance (AUC: 0.9921 (0.9911–0.9930); Acc: 0.9618 (0.9588–0.9645); Sn: 0.9690 (0.9655–0.9723); Sp: 0.9526 (0.9477–0.9572); PPV: 0.9631 (0.9592–0.9668); NPV: 0.9600 (0.9556–0.9644); MCC: 0.9224 (0.9165–0.9279); F1 score: 0.9661 (0.9634–0.9686)). Most models of distinguishing various circulation system diseases also had good performance, the model performance of distinguishing dilated cardiomyopathy from other circulation system diseases was the best (AUC: 0.9267 (0.8663–0.9752)). The model interpretation by the SHAP algorithm indicated features from biochemical detection made major contributions to predicting circulation system disease, such as potassium (K), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and indirect bilirubin (NBIL). But for models of distinguishing various circulation system diseases, we found that red blood cell count (RBC), K, direct bilirubin (DBIL), and glucose (GLU) were the top 4 features subdividing various circulation system diseases.ConclusionsThe present study constructed multiple models using 50 features from the blood routine and biochemical detection data for the diagnosis of various circulation system diseases. At the same time, the unique hematologic features of various circulation system diseases, including some metabolic-related indicators, were also explored. This cost-effective work will benefit more people and help diagnose and prevent circulation system diseases.

The Effect of Lower Limb Pressotherapy Treatment on Selected Rheological and Biochemical Indices of Blood in Young, Healthy Women.

Background: Intermittent pneumatic compression is a non-invasive therapeutic technique that has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its potential use in many areas of medicine. It can be successfully used alone or in combination with other therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how a series of pressotherapy treatments on the lower limbs affects the rheological properties of blood (blood count, red blood cell deformability and aggregation, and blood viscosity), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), and renal profile (urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) in young, healthy women. Methods: The study group consisted of 15 healthy women aged 20-26 (22.5 ± 1.5), without chronic diseases and not practicing competitive sports. The participants underwent a series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments. A single treatment lasted 30 min and each time the pressure used during the treatment was individually selected according to the participants' preference. The first blood test was performed a week before the treatments; the second on the day of the start of treatment, but before the pneumatic massage; the third after the completed series of pressotherapy treatments; and the fourth a week after the completed series of treatments. Results: In the conducted study, the analysis of the values of the complete blood count showed the following: a significant decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes, average red blood cell volume, average hemoglobin mass in red blood cells; a significant increase in average red blood cell volume; and an average hemoglobin mass in red blood cells. The analysis of the values of rheological parameters showed the following: a significant decrease in elongation indices 0.58, 1.13, 4.24, 15.95, 30.94, and 60.00; blood viscosity; the aggregation index; the degree of complete aggregation; and a significant increase in elongation indices 0.30, 1.13, 8.23, 30.94, 60.00; blood viscosity; the degree of complete aggregation; and the half-time of complete aggregation. A decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions was also noted. No significant changes were found in the values of total cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as in renal profile elements. Conclusions: The application of a series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments has a beneficial effect, with a decrease in blood viscosity and the aggregation index, and an increase in the elongation index at shear stress from 0.30 [Pa] to 8.23 [Pa] in young, healthy women. A series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments may affect the decrease in the values at high shear stress forces of 30.95 [Pa] and from 60.00 [Pa] in young, healthy women. The use of a series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments increases the values of hemoglobin, the average red blood cell volume, and the average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes, and also reduces the values of red blood cell count, average hemoglobin mass in red blood cells and low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins in young, healthy women (it also does not cause any adverse changes). The use of pressotherapy on the lower limbs seems to be an effective element of the multi-component prevention of circulatory system diseases.

Age-peculiarities of L-arginine, inosine and meldonium effects on the adult and old rat vascular wall reactivity

Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases are most common in older people. The functional state of the vascular endothelium is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous physiologically active substances with different mechanisms of action can affect endothelial function L-arginine, inosine and meldonium caught our attention. Combination therapy is a promising direction in treating circulatory system diseases. This work aimed to establish the age-related characteristics of L-arginine, inosine and meldonium and their combination (Melarginine) on the vascular wall reactivity in adult and old rats to substantiate the occurrence of these cases in cardiology and geriatrics. Experiments were carried out on isolated norepinephrine (10-7 mol/l) segments of the thoracic aorta of adult (8-10 months) and old (21-23 months) outbred male rats. It was shown that the vasodilatory effect of L-arginine, inosine and meldonium and their combination (Melarginine) was insignificant. At the same time, the isolated vascular segment relaxation of old rats under the studied substances was significantly greater compared to adult animals. It should be noted that the vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine in old rats was significantly less than in adults. This indicates the practical endothelium preservation in adult animals and its damage in old ones. The greater sensitivity of the vascular wall of old rats to the action of L-arginine, inosine and meldonium and their combination Melarginine indicates their action is directed at restoring endothelial function in old animals. This suggests the feasibility of using Melarginine in geriatric practice for cardiovascular disease treatment in the future. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: vessel reactivity; ageing; L-arginine; inosine; meldonium; Melarginine

Assessing Heatwave-Related Deaths among Older Adults by Diagnosis and Urban/Rural Areas from 1999 to 2020 in Slovenia

Background: The association between mortality and heatwaves is well documented. Heatwaves frequency, intensity, and duration increase with global climate change. The most vulnerable group for dying during heatwaves is older people. Knowing which diseases contribute to a higher number of deaths during heatwaves is important for planning appropriate public health preventive measures. Methods: We assessed the short-term association between the number of deaths for older adults (75+ years) and heatwaves in the years 1999 to 2020 in Slovenia. We estimated the relative risks (RR) with a 95% confidence interval for the number of deaths for the observed diagnosis (all causes, circulatory, respiratory) and urban vs. rural areas associated with heatwaves in Slovenia for each year, comparing the number of deaths during heatwaves with reference days. Results: Most years showed no significant increase in deaths during heatwaves for those aged 75 and older. However, in 2006, 2007, 2014, and 2015, there was a significant increase in deaths during heatwaves. For the general population, heatwaves were associated with an increase in deaths due to all causes: 10% more in 2006 and 26% more in both 2007 and 2014. For those aged 75 and older, heatwaves were associated with an increase in deaths due to all causes: 22% more in 2007, 27% more in 2014, and 28% more in 2015. For those aged 75 and older, heatwaves were associated with an increase in deaths due to circulatory system diseases: 25% more in 2006, 33% more in 2007, 30% more in 2014, and 27% more in 2015. Regarding urban vs. rural areas, in 2006 and 2012, the elderly in urban areas were more affected, with 33% and 26% more deaths, respectively. In contrast, in 2007, 2014, and 2015, old age population in rural areas was more affected, with 29%, 26%, and 31% more deaths, respectively. Conclusions: According to the literature data, older adults are most susceptible to the effects of extreme heat due to physiological changes that occur with aging, chronic diseases, certain medications, a sedentary lifestyle, and social isolation. The results of our study will help in planning appropriate preventive public health measures to better protect older adults during the next heatwaves in Slovenia.

Epidemiology and SARIMA model of deaths in a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2022

BackgroundBy analysing the deaths of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, this study aimed to understand the epidemiological distribution characteristics and the composition of the causes of death. Additionally, this study aimed to predict the changing trend in the number of deaths, providing valuable insights for hospitals to formulate relevant strategies and measures aimed at reducing mortality rates.MethodsIn this study, data on inpatient mortality at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2022 were obtained via the population information registration system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The death data of inpatients were described and analysed through a retrospective study. Excel 2016 was utilized for data sorting, and SPSS 22.0 software was employed for data analysis. The statistical inference of single factor differences was conducted via χ2 tests. The SARIMA model was established via the forecast, aTSA, and tseries software packages (version 4.3.0) to forecast future changes in the number of deaths.ResultsA total of 1938 inpatients died at the tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, with the greatest number of deaths occurring in 2022 (262, 13.52%). The sex ratio was 2.22:1, and there were significant differences between sexes in terms of age, marital status, educational level, and place of residence (P < 0.05). The percentage of males in the groups aged of 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years was significantly greater than that of females (χ2 = 46.905, P < 0.001). More females than males died in the widowed group, and divorced and married males experienced a greater number of deaths than divorced and married females did (χ2 = 61.130, P < 0.001). The proportions of male students with a junior college and senior high school education were significantly greater than that of female students (χ2 = 12.310, P < 0.05). The primary causes of mortality within the hospital setting included circulatory system diseases, injury, poisoning, tumours, and respiratory system diseases. These leading factors accounted for 86.12% of all recorded deaths. Finally, the SARIMA (2, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1)12 model was determined to be the optimal model, with an AIC of 380.23, a BIC of 392.79, and an AICc of 381.81. The MAPE was 14.99%, indicating a satisfactory overall fit of this model. The relative error between the predicted and actual number of deaths in 2022 was 8.02%. Therefore, the SARIMA (2, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1)12 model demonstrates good predictive performance.ConclusionsHospitals should enhance the management of sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, severe craniocerebral injury, lung cancer, and lung infection to reduce the mortality rate. The SARIMA model can be employed for predicting the number of deaths.

Lifestyle Habits and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Menopausal Women with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Current cardiovascular prevention guidelines emphasise considering sex, gender, and gender identity in risk assessment. This study evaluated the impact of lifestyle habits and chronic diseases on cardiovascular mortality risk in women over 50 with high vascular risk and developed a predictive model for menopausal women with cardiovascular risk factors. A retrospective cohort study used data from the 2011 Spanish National Health Survey and the national death register, focusing on menopausal and postmenopausal women without prior cardiovascular events but with at least one major risk factor. Participants were followed for up to 10 years, assessing mortality from circulatory system diseases and other causes. Exposure variables included socio-demographics, lifestyle habits, health status, self-perceived health, health service use, and pharmacological treatments. Of the 21,007 respondents, 3057 women met the inclusion criteria. The 10-year cumulative incidence of mortality from circulatory causes was 5.9%, and from other causes, 12.7%. Independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality were never consuming legumes, poor self-perceived health, diabetes treatment, lack of physical activity, and older age. Lipid-lowering treatment was protective. The model demonstrated good fit and predictive capacity (C-index = 0.773). This study highlights the significant influence of physical activity, legume consumption, self-perceived health, and specific treatments on cardiovascular mortality risk in menopausal women.

Environmental factors affecting the mortality of population in Odesa Region

The presented research covers a significant part of the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and studies the role of environmental factors in formation of population mortality from main causes. The main causes of mortality among the population of Odesa Region during the studied period include diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19, neoplasms, external causes, diseases of digestive organs and diseases of respiratory organs. The aforesaid causes constitute 94-95% of all causes of mortality in Odesa Region. However, out of these six classes of diseases, only diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19 and diseases of respiratory organs and some of their nosological forms have simultaneous peaks in mortality, during which mortality of the Odesa Region population from all causes almost doubles. Over time, there is a certain redistribution of frequency of the causes of mortality among the six main causing diseases of the population`s mortality in the region. But this does not explain occurrence of simultaneous peaks in mortality from diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19, and diseases of respiratory organs. Formation of simultaneous peaks in mortality from non-infectious and infectious diseases cannot be explained by the influence of social or anthropogenic factors. This indicates the need to address a number of environmental factors of natural origin – meteorological, biometeorological and heliocosmic. The study shows the possibility of an existing linear statistical connection between these environmental factors and the mortality of the Odesa Region population from such classes of diseases as diseases of circulatory system, COVID-19 and diseases of respiratory organs, as well as the relevant nosological forms. The results of the correlation analysis between mortality rates from major diseases and the environmental factors studied showed weak correlations between them. It is fully consistent with the World Health Organization's view of the role of environmental conditions in shaping public health.

Blood pressure variability in elderly and senior hypertensive patients

Background. In recent years the deterioration of the demographic situation has been noted in most countries of the world that is due to the steady increase in population of arterial hypertension and the aging of the population. According to the statistical forecast of the UN by 2025, the number of people over 60 will exceed 1 billion which is 15% of the entire global population. In Ukraine, according to epidemiological studies, the prevalence of hypertension among circulatory system diseases in adults (18 years and older) is 46.8% and almost half of patients with circulatory system diseases have elevated blood pressure. In patients aged 65 years and older, the prevalence of hypertension varies in the range of 53-72%. It has long been proven that the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in hypertensive patients depends not only on the absolute blood pressure level but also on fluctuations in blood pressure over different periods that is blood pressure variability. Blood pressure is not a static parameter but rather undergoes continuous fluctuations over time due to the interaction between environmental factors and behaviour on the one hand and the internal regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system on the other hand. Elevated blood pressure may indicate cardiovascular dysregulation and itself may be a cardiovascular risk factor associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, end-stage renal disease and incidence of dementia. Aim. The study aimed to improve the system of prevention and diagnosis of elderly and senior hypertensive patients at the ambulatory-polyclinic stage due to the study of the contribution of blood pressure variability. Materials and methods. The group of examinees was formed taking into account 27 elderly and senile hypertensive patients including those combined with coronary artery disease. For this purpose, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was used. Results. Systolic blood pressure variability (SD) in hypertensive patients was higher than in the control group (p&lt;0.001). So, during the study, SD was 17.9±7.1 mm Hg. while in the control group 12.1±2.6 mm Hg. The frequency of high blood pressure variability detection in elderly and senile hypertensive patients was 51.9% (n=14). High blood pressure variability compared to low blood pressure variability and control was associated with a more pronounced systolic blood pressure variability (during the active monitoring period), and it was equalled 23.7±5.2 mm Hg compared to 14.8±6.5 mm Hg (p&lt;0.001) and 12.1±2.6 mm Hg. (p&lt;0.001). In elderly and senile hypertensive patients with high and low blood pressure variability, the non-dipper group prevailed over the dipper group in the structure of daily blood pressure rhythm (71.4% vs. 28.6% and 84.6% vs. 15.4% respectively). According to the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data high blood pressure variability group compared to low blood pressure variability and controls was characterised by higher average values of the number of blood pressure indicators. In the group of high blood pressure variability patients, the average daily systolic blood pressure exceeded the control value by 10% (р&lt;0.05). The daily index of systolic blood pressure in the group of high blood pressure variability patients was 111% higher than in patients with low blood pressure variability (p&lt;0.05). The daily index of diastolic blood pressure in the group of high blood pressure variability patients was 140% higher than in patients with low blood pressure variability (p&lt;0.05). The daily index of average blood pressure in the group of high blood pressure variability patients was 191% higher than in patients with low blood pressure variability (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions. 1. High blood pressure variability has occurred in 16 out of 27 (51.9%) hypertensive elderly and senile patients. 2. The non-dipper group has predominated in the structure of blood pressure diurnal rhythm in elderly and senile hypertensive patients with high and low blood pressure variability patients. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: arterial hypertension; essential hypertension; blood pressure variability; high blood pressure variability; low blood pressure variability; elderly and senile hypertensive patients

Metformin and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: implications for cancer, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases.

Recent findings have brought our understanding of diseases at the molecular level, highlighting upstream intracellular pathways as potential therapeutic targets. The PI3K/AKT pathway, a key regulator of cellular responses to environmental changes, is frequently altered in various diseases, making it a promising target for intervention. Metformin is the most known anti-diabetic agent that is known due to its effects on cancer, inflammatory-related diseases, oxidative stress, and other human diseases. It is clearly understood that metformin modulates the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway leading to a wide variety of outcomes. This interaction has been well-studied in various diseases. Therefore, this review aims to examine PI3K/AKT-modulating properties of metformin in cancer, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases. Our findings indicate that metformin is effective in treating cancer and CNS diseases, and plays a role in both the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These insights support the potential of metformin in comprehensive strategies for disease management.

Assessment of Radiation Risks of Mortality from Circulatory System Diseases in the Cohort of Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Considering the Influence of Other Diseases Identified During the Observation Period

Assessment of Radiation Risks of Mortality from Circulatory System Diseases in the Cohort of Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Considering the Influence of Other Diseases Identified During the Observation Period

MEDICAL-SOCIAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE REGIONAL CENTRE OF CARDIOLOGY ON THE PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (on the example of Kyiv region)

Introduction. The transformation of our country's healthcare system is impossible without quality medical reform. One of the reform's starting directions is improving the provision of cardiac care to the population. Aim. Medical and social substantiation of directions for developing a conceptual model of a regional cardiology centre based on the principles of public-private partnership (on the example of the Kyiv region). Materials and methods. Data from state and industry statistical reports of healthcare institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, as well as materials from a sociological survey of cardiologists and patients and a survey of 31 experts (highly qualified health care organizers) conducted according to specially developed programs) were the materials in this study. The research used complex methods: systematic approach and analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation, medical-statistical and sociological method, expert assessment and conceptual modelling method. Results. Stable high levels of circulatory system disease prevalence among the adult population of the Kyiv region and differences depending on different age groups, increase in the mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the studied time intervals and the mortality rate of cardiac patients were established. At the same time, there was a decrease in the level of hospitalization of patients along with a decrease in the average number of beds for the treatment of cardiology patients; there were no significant changes in the staffing indicators of health centres of the Kyiv region, which provide cardiac medical care to patients with CVD in 2018-2022. However, there was an increase in the number of cardiovascular surgeon positions for the adult population of the Kyiv region in 2020 by 12.9%, and then a decrease of 7.01% in 2021. The insufficient resource provision of healthcare facilities in which cardiac medical care is provided as evidenced by a significant decrease in the coverage of echocardiography in the study, despite the reform of the network of healthcare facilities in the region. The results of the survey of patients and cardiology specialists revealed significant levels of dissatisfaction with the possibilities of providing and receiving quality cardiology care. Conclusions. A range of problems in the field of providing high-quality cardiac care to the population was determined on the example of the Kyiv region, and a strategy with phased and complex steps to solve the most acute problematic issues was proposed with the proposed project of the Strategic Plan for the development of the regional system of cardiac care for the population of the region for the period 2024-2029.

Beneficial Consequences of One-Month Oral Treatment with Cannabis Oil on Cardiac Hypertrophy and the Mitochondrial Pool in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Introduction: It has been demonstrated the dysregulation of the cardiac endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the modulation of this system through the administration of phytocannabinoids present in medicinal cannabis oil (CO) emerges as a promising therapeutic approach. Furthermore, phytocannabinoids exhibit potent antioxidant properties, making them highly desirable in the treatment of cardiac pathologies, such as hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Objective: To evaluate the effect of CO treatment on hypertrophy and mitochondrial status in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) hearts. Methods: Three-month-old male SHR were randomly assigned to CO or olive oil (vehicle) oral treatment for 1 month. We evaluated cardiac mass and histology, mitochondrial dynamics, membrane potential, area and density, myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and citrate synthase (CS) activity and expression. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n) and compared by t-test, or two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used as appropriate. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: CH was reduced by CO treatment, as indicated by the left ventricular weight/tibia length ratio, left ventricular mass index, myocyte cross-sectional area, and left ventricle collagen volume fraction. The ejection fraction was preserved in the CO-treated group despite the persistence of elevated systolic blood pressure and the reduction in CH. Mitochondrial membrane potential was improved and mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, area, and density were all increased by treatment. Moreover, the activity and expression of the CS were enhanced by treatment, whereas ROS production was decreased and the antioxidant activity of SOD increased by CO administration. Conclusion: Based on the mentioned results, we propose that 1-month oral treatment with CO is effective to reduce hypertrophy, improve the mitochondrial pool and increase the antioxidant capacity in SHR hearts.

Relationship between short-term ozone exposure, cause-specific mortality, and high-risk populations: A nationwide, time-stratified, case-crossover study

BackgroundPrevious studies reported that short-term exposure to ground-level ozone is associated with mortality risk. However, due to the limited monitored areas, existing studies were limited in assessing the nationwide risk and suggesting specific vulnerable populations to the ozone-mortality risk. MethodsWe performed a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study to evaluate the association between short-term ozone and cause-specific mortality in South Korea (2015–2019). A machine learning-ensemble prediction model (a test R2 > 0.96) was used to assess the short-term ozone exposure. Stratification analysis was conducted to examine the high-risk populations, and the excess mortality due to non-compliance with the WHO guideline was also assessed. ResultsFor all-cause mortality (1,343,077 cases), the risk associated with ozone (lag0– 1) was weakly identified (odd ratio: 1.005 with 95% CI: 0.997–1.014), and the risk was prominent in mortality with circulatory system diseases. In addition, based on the point estimates, the ozone-mortality risk was higher in people aged less than 65y, and this pattern was also observed in circulatory system disease deaths and urban areas. ConclusionsThis study provides national estimates of mortality risks associated with short-term ozone. Results showed that the benefits of stricter air quality standards could be greater in vulnerable populations.

Mechanisms of Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Disease.

Lipid metabolism is a critical component in preserving homeostasis and health, and lipids are significant chemicals involved in energy metabolism in living things. With the growing interest in lipid metabolism in recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close relationship between abnormalities in lipid metabolism and the development of numerous human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrine system diseases. Thus, understanding how aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to the development of related diseases and how it works offers a theoretical foundation for treating and preventing related human diseases as well as new avenues for the targeted treatment of related diseases. Therefore, we discuss the processes of aberrant lipid metabolism in various human diseases in this review, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine system diseases (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus), and other diseases including cancer.

Novel Genes Associated With Atrial Fibrillation and the Predictive Models for AF Incorporating Polygenic Risk Score and PheWAS-Derived Risk Factors

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF), the most common atrial arrhythmia, presents with varied clinical manifestations. Despite the identification of genetic loci associated with AF, particularly in specific populations, research within Asian ethnicities remains limited. In this study we aimed to develop predictive models for AF using AF-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a substantial cohort of Taiwanese individuals, to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the model. MethodsThere were 75,121 subjects, that included 5694 AF patients and 69,427 normal control subjects with GWAS data, and we merged polygenic risk scores from AF-associated SNPs with phenome-wide association study-derived risk factors. Advanced statistical and machine learning techniques were used to develop and evaluate AF predictive models for discrimination and calibration. ResultsThe study identified the top 30 significant SNPs associated with AF, predominantly on chromosomes 10 and 16, implicating genes like NEURL1, SH3PXD2A, INA, NT5C2, STN1, and ZFHX3. Notably, INA, NT5C2, and STN1 were newly linked to AF. The GWAS predictive power using polygenic risk score-continuous shrinkage analysis for AF exhibited an area under the curve of 0.600 (P < 0.001), which improved to 0.855 (P < 0.001) after adjusting for age and sex. Phenome-wide association study analysis showed the top 10 diseases associated with these genes were circulatory system diseases. ConclusionsIntegrating genetic and phenotypic data enhanced the accuracy and clinical relevance of AF predictive models. The findings suggest promise for refining AF risk assessment, enabling personalized interventions, and reducing AF-related morbidity and mortality burdens.

Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Applications of Persicae Semen: A Review.

Persicae Semen (Taoren), the seed of mature peaches consumed as both food and medicine, is native to the temperate regions of China, distributed in the provinces of North and East China, and currently cultivated worldwide. The primary components of Persicae Semen include volatile oil, protein, amino acids, amygdalin, and prunasin, all of which have pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulatory effects, and are clinically used in the treatment of gynecological, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, orthopedic, and digestive system diseases. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the resource status, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, as well as the trend of Persicae Semen patent, global distribution, and clinical applications. This review will help facilitate the development and utilization of Persicae Semen in clinical settings.