Heritage Systems Research Articles

SYSTEMY WARTOŚCI ZABYTKOWEJ A USTALANIE ZNACZENIA WARTOŚCI HISTORYCZNYCH W ZABYTKU ARCHITEKTURY

The work analyzes the value systems of historical heritage in the context of Polish legislation, and also builds a background for assessing the historical value of architectural monuments. The presented investigations extend the discussion of the original HeV method, used in historic value assessment procedures. The specificity of historical values indicates the validity of starting with historical analyses, building a narrative, and then searching for ways to discover the extent to which the architectural substance perpetuates and transmits this narrative, as well as what specific values are associated with it according to the selected system.

A REVIEW OF POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION OF ARCHITECTURAL CULTURAL HERITAGE

Abstract. With the continuous development of laser scanning technology, the model reconstruction and information management system of architectural cultural heritage are gradually taking shape. Among them, point cloud segmentation of architectural cultural heritage is important for Historic Building Information Model (HBIM), disease extraction and analysis, heritage restoration and other research. This paper mainly focuses on the systematic analysis and summary of the point cloud segmentation of architectural cultural heritage, introduces related concepts, and summarizes the segmentation methods from three aspects: traditional methods, machine learning based on artificial features, and deep learning. In addition, this paper summarizes the evaluation metrics and public datasets of semantic segmentation commonly used today, and further elucidates the relevant applications after segmentation. Finally, this paper analyzes and prospects the main problems and future development trends. This review aims to provide a useful reference for relevant researchers in the field of architectural cultural heritage protection.

The Transformation of Rural Areas Located in China’s Agricultural Heritage Systems under the Evolution of Urban–Rural Relationships

The sustainable logic between the Agricultural Heritage System (AHS) and environmental synergy has been significantly changing with China’s urban–rural relationship shift from binary opposition to a stronger network exchange. During the process of transformation, China’s AHS rural areas encounter two major development trends and social realities, i.e., whether to continue conventional characteristic agricultural development or detach from conventional characteristic agricultural resources to achieve industrial transformation. Our aim is to analyze the structure, identity and functional transformation characteristics of AHS rural areas from the urban and rural scale, as well as to build an explanatory framework for transformation mechanisms. A total of 109 counties and five cases of important AHS areas in China are taken as research objects, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses to analyze the transformation of AHS rural areas from two aspects. On the one hand, for changes in single development elements, there are three development elements and corresponding transformation dimensions: (1) Land structure: there is a synergistic change between the increase in urbanization rate and the loss of rural land, with associated changes in space and production structure. (2) Population identity: the rural population loss in high-urbanization-level areas is severe, where farmers are combined or separated from traditional agriculture. (3) Industry function: the trend of non-agricultural development of the industrial economy is obvious, and the traditional functions of agriculture are facing a continuation or a deep transformation. On the other hand, for relations among development elements, combined with a regression analysis and field investigation, we try to explain how the development elements and characteristic elements influence each other while working together on the transformation of AHS rural areas. The transformation depends on the path of the original industrial structure, while the urban–rural income ratio, regional distribution and land urbanization rate all positively stimulate the transformation from agricultural industries to non-agricultural ones. Moreover, the transformation of AHS rural areas is also affected by the characteristic elements of their special agricultural heritage, specifically, whether the heritage is scalable, scarce or socialized, etc., and these special attributes can determine the different development forms of heritage elements in the modern agricultural industrial system.

“Listen to us”: small-scale farmers’ understandings of social-ecological changes and their drivers in Important Agricultural Heritage Systems

Current social-ecological changes affect territories and people’s livelihoods worldwide. Many of these changes have detrimental effects on small-scale agricultural systems, with concomitant negative consequences on global and local food security and sovereignty. The objectives of this study were to explore (i) local knowledge on social-ecological changes and (ii) the perceived drivers of those changes occurring in a mountainscape and an islandscape in two Important Agricultural Heritage Systems of southern South America, both located within a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. This was done by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with local campesinos, whose livelihoods are based on the use and management of agrosilvopastoral systems. We found that local communities experience a wide range of globally and locally induced social-ecological changes acting in their territories. Campesinos mentioned 79 different observations of social-ecological changes and identified drivers for 77% of them. Changes in the atmospheric system, specifically regarding changes in precipitation, drought, and temperatures, were commonly observed by campesinos in both sites. Participants also observed complex interrelations between these changes and the drivers influencing them, climatic drivers being the most important. Even though general changes in climatic patterns were identified as drivers of changes by campesinos, other situated changes derived from the site’s biophysical, social, and economic conditions were also important. Our results highlight the importance of considering local knowledge to understand social-ecological changes and to support the development and implementation of public policies that promote contextualized adaptation measures to global changes that affect local livelihoods.

Household Gender Roles and Slow-Onset Environmental Change in Morocco: A Barrier or Driver to Develop Migration Aspirations?

We study how slow-onset environmental changes impact the adaptive capacity of rural women living in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco. Given the immobility of many women in rural regions, we especially focus upon the internal migration aspirations of rural woman. In this way our study aims to shed light on the interrelationships between environmental change, gender relations and social and migration aspirations in a gradually environmentally degrading region. Based on Carling’s aspiration/ability model, we analyse how slow-onset environmental changes influence the internal migration aspirations and trajectories of rural women, taking into account important background factors such as household characteristics, land heritage systems and migration networks. Our study is based on 38 interviews with inhabitants of the Souss-Massa region of Morocco that (used to) work in the agricultural sector, of which 15 interviews were conducted with rural women. Our findings show the ambiguous role of slow-onset environmental changes in the development of migration aspirations of rural women in a Moroccan rural context and underscores that environmental changes should be taken into account in migration decision making processes, both for internal and international migration.

Transcriptome analysis in hepatopancreases reveals the response of domesticated common carp to a high-temperature environment in the agricultural heritage rice-fish system.

Qingtian paddy field carp (PF-carp) is a local carp cultivated in the paddy field of Qingtian, Zhejiang. This rice-fish co-culture system has been recognized as one of the Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems (GIAHS). PF-carp has been acclimatized to the high-temperature environment of shallow paddy fields after several centuries of domestication. To reveal the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms of PF-carp, we chose to use 28°C as the control group and 34°C as the treatment group. We measured biochemical parameters in their serum and hepatopancreases and also performed transcriptome sequencing analysis. Compared with the control group, the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose (GLU), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) show no significant change. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px, and CAT also show no significant change in hepatopancreases. We identified 1,253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and their pathway analysis revealed that heat stress affected AMPK signaling pathway, protein export, and other biological processes. It is worth noting that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the most significantly enriched pathway identified by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Significantly higher levels of HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, and other ubiquitin ligase-related genes were upregulated. In summary, heat stress did not lead to tissue damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and ER stress in the hepatopancreases of PF-carp. This study provides valuable insights into the adaptation mechanism of this species to the high-temperature environment of paddy fields.

Tourism Development in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System Areas in Japan: Making Stories and Experience-Based Products

Tourism Development in Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System Areas in Japan: Making Stories and Experience-Based Products

Restructuring of the Korean intangible cultural heritage system and pansori after the 2003 UNESCO Convention

Restructuring of the Korean intangible cultural heritage system and pansori after the 2003 UNESCO Convention

Re-Imagining Urban Wetlands: Watery heritage and food policies in the Albufera de València

Urban food policies require interdisciplinary research and action. Based on a holistic vision, these policies aim to facilitate the transformation of the food systems of cities in a sustainable, equitable and resilient manner. Food availability is key to urban food policies and involves recognition of the widespread disconnect between agriculture and consumers and the central role that food-related practices can play in the transition towards sustainable and resilient cities. This article addresses this topic by investigating the strategic role of one area of urban wetlands that has fostered new positive and shared attitudes towards watery heritage. The recovery of waterscapes in the Albufera, in close proximity to one of the most rapidly expanding Spanish urban areas, València, has allowed for a remarkable improvement of both traditional fisheries and paddy fields that has facilitated the regeneration of sustainable food practices. In 2019, the Horta de València, comprising a system of fields extending over a 28 km² area that is irrigated by the Túria River, was recognised by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS). The area includes the historic Huerta and a section of the Albufera National Park that still maintains elements of traditional Arab heritage. The Albufera is thereby a significant repository of watery memories related to fisher people, peasants and sailors that an increasing number of environmentalists and seaside tourists interact with, and it thereby exemplifies the nature of wetlands as knowledge resources that can inspire sustainable food practices and policies.

Scientists and remaking heritage: the case of shiitake cultivation in a globally important agricultural heritage system in Japan

ABSTRACT A growing number of traditional agricultural systems around the world have been designated Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), as they are exemplars of the accumulated wisdom of human communities and their close relationship with the local ecology. Heritage inscription is a strategy used to conserve and increase awareness of this inheritance. However, the role of scientists in the construction and inscription of the agricultural heritage has been understudied. Through a qualitative methodology and participatory-observation research, this study examines biocultural heritage construction in a GIAHS in the Kunisaki Peninsula of Oita, Japan. Drawing on actor-network theory and based on the experience of scientists who specialise in traditional log-cultivated shiitake farming, this study demonstrates the role of non-human actors – a fungus-covered chip and shiitake, in particular – in the heritagisation process and the role of scientists in stabilising and destabilising the heritage network. I find that the heritage inscription process of the tradition of log-cultivated shiitake farming has created a new form of identity and moral capital associated not only with the conservation of Japanese food and agricultural heritage but also with the continued existence of local rural villages, protection of national food security and global environmental health.

Assessing Food and Livelihood Security in Sea Salt Community: A GIAHS Study in Ban Laem, Phetchaburi, Thailand

This study investigates food and livelihood security in Ban Laem District, Phetchaburi, a unique sea salt community recognized under the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). We assess the current status of food and livelihood security, utilizing the entropy weight method. Our findings reveal a composite evaluation score of 2.724, comprising an average food security rating of 1.476 and a livelihood security score of 1.248. Agricultural diversity emerges as pivotal for food security, while financial support, indigenous knowledge preservation, and climate adaptation strategies are crucial for livelihood security. Our recommendations include fostering awareness, collaboration, diversified farming, financial accessibility, and cultural conservation initiatives. This research provides valuable insights into coastal community security and informs transformative policies for sustainable development.

Solutions to Protect and Promote Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Capital Hanoi (Vietnam) Facing the Pressure of Urbanization

Hanoi is a major cultural center of Vietnam with a diverse, rich and unique intangible cultural heritage system built up over thousands of years of history. Recently, Hanoi has made many efforts to promote the value of cultural heritage to develop cultural industries, making important contributions to the socio-economic development of the Capital. However, under the current pressure of urbanization, many of Hanoi's intangible cultural heritages are at risk of being eroded, or even disappearing. Therefore, preserving and promoting Hanoi's intangible cultural heritage is an urgent and important task to preserve the traditional identity of the "Capital of a thousand years of civilization".

David Bowie and T.S. Eliot: Addressing the Problem of Poetic “Persona”

The article clarifies some features of the poetic system of the creative heritage of the 1970s. British poet and musician David Bowie (1947-2016), focusing on the concept of "persona" in the context of his work. "Persona" as a term is used in the article, being borrowed from the teachings of the German psychologist C. Jung, where it is understood as a social mask that hides the vulnerability of the individual. When applied to Bowie's work, the term "persona" implies an artistic mask, a special type of poetry realization, in which a creative person and a character are combined. Bowie's poetry, expressed through the unique "persona" at the center of his album cycles of the 1970s, is supposed to show signs of T. S. Eliot's impersonality. The article proves that Bowie was familiar with Eliot's poetry and could use his idea of "impersonality" of poetry in his work.

Transcriptome analysis in gill reveals the adaptive mechanism of domesticated common carp to the high temperature in shallow rice paddies

Qingtian paddy field carp (PF-carp) is one of the core elements of the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS), Qingtian rice-fish coculture system, and might be the unique and most successful fish species domesticated under shallow rice paddy condition. It shows well adaptation to shallow water and high temperature in rice paddies. In order to reveal the mechanism of this kind of adaptation, we performed transcriptome sequencing and analyzed related enzyme activity indices in the gill tissues of PF-carp at different temperatures (28, 34 and 38 °C). A total of 2831 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome sequencing analysis, and KEGG analysis revealed activation and involvement of DEGs in different pathways, including protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis and NF-κB signaling pathway. Among these pathways, key signaling factors such as HSP70, HSP90, gp78, Caspase 3, BAX, and IL-8 exhibited varying expression trends. Enzyme activity indicators showed no significant difference in CAT, GSH-Px and MDA at 34 °C and 38 °C within group. Our findings suggest that PF-carp primarily adapts to high temperature environment in rice paddies through the activation of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum to prevents protein misfolding and NF-κB signaling pathway activated by IL-8 and HIF-1β to enhance organism immunity, and the organism does not experience hypoxia and apoptosis when it is in high temperature environment. This study offers valuable insights into the adaptation mechanisms of this species to high temperature environments in rice paddies.

Does the Identification of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Promote Economic Growth? Empirical Analysis Based on County Data from China

Does the Identification of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Promote Economic Growth? Empirical Analysis Based on County Data from China

The Solution for Building and Developing a Community-based Tourism Model in Ly Son Island District – Quang Ngai Province

Community-based tourism (CBT) is one of the forms of tourism that is being formed and developed in rural Vietnam on the basis of exploiting the value of eco-tourism resources, agriculture, and indigenous cultural lifestyles. Ly Son Island District in Quang Ngai Province is home to the Imperial Hoang Sa Navy. On the island, there are unique natural landscapes exploiting tourism services such as Thoi Loi Volcano, Gieng Tien, Hang Pagoda, To Vo Gate, etc. With a long history of development, Ly Son has rich cultural resources, many historical relics, and a rich system of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. However, the development of community tourism here has become uncontrolled and fragmented; at this point, there is no link between community tourism services, and they have not yet formed a complete product to meet visitors’ requirements. With the participatory approach, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, and ABCD method (Assets Based for Community Development), this study analyzes the potential, current situation, and orientation of building and developing a model of CBT at Ly Son Island district, Quang Ngai.

Development of Meta-Geosystems of Tourist and Recreational Clusters

The study aims to find a key to the problem of managing cultural heritage systems in the example of the Temnikov-Sanaksar cluster located in Eastern Europe. This area is situated between the forest-steppe of the layered-tier Volga upland and the forest geosystems of the layered Oka-Don lowland. The article applies an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of optimizing inter-component relationships in the meta-geosystems of tourist and recreational clusters. The sustainable development of meta-geosystems should be based on multifactorial information support, which implements the most important condition for the effective economic development of landscapes through the formation of the regions’ spatial data infrastructure. In order to consistently optimize meta-geosystems of different hierarchical levels, it is necessary to solve several emerging issues, such as assessing the strength and nature of inter-component connections in geosystems, determination of factors describing the territorial variation of the properties of geosystems, interpreting and substantiation the semantics of the selected basic factors.

Land use changes in globally important cultural forests. The case of two traditionally managed forests for non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in China and Japan

AbstractNon-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) still have a key role for the economy of many rural areas, for their sustainable development and for preserving traditional culture, landscape and biodiversity. Two sites inscribed in the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are based on traditional forest management devoted to shitake production: the Kunisaki Peninsula System (Japan) and the Qingyuan Forest-Mushroom Co-culture System (China). This study investigated the landscape structure of the two sites, assessing the land use changes in the last 10 years, and identifying the main drivers responsible of changes, through GIS-based spatial analyses of 2008 and 2019 land use maps. An accuracy assessment of the original databases has also been performed to validate the research findings. Results demonstrated that the maintenance of the traditional forest management has effectively contributed to the preservation of two different but both traditional landscape structures, but the methodology also allowed to identify some external pressures. In the Kunisaki peninsula the abandonment of agricultural surfaces (-4.3%) and consequent spread of grasslands (+ 63%) and forests (+ 1.3%) mainly affects areas at lower altitudes; in Qingyuan County deforestation (+ 280 ha/year), expansion of new cultivations (+ 250 ha/year) and urban sprawl (+ 67%), represent the main changes. Traditional forest practices represent effective examples of sustainable forest management, capable of providing high-quality NWFPs and ecosystem services to local communities, contributing to the preservation of local natural resources, of cultural heritage, and of biodiversity at the landscape scale.

Cultural Capital of Sea Salt Farming in Ban Laem District of Phetchaburi Province as per the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)

This study delved into the cultural capital, value systems, and social organizations in sea salt farming in Ban Laem District of Phetchaburi Province, considered within the framework of GIAHS. The research methodology involved qualitative tools such as in-depth interviews, SWOT analysis, and TOWS matrix, and focus group discussions with key stakeholders such as salt farmers, community leaders, local government officials, and scholars. The study underlines that the sea salt production in Ban Laem District is deeply rooted in both tangible and intangible cultural traits, contributing to the area’s distinct cultural identity. The traditional ceremonies, foods, crafts, and tools associated with salt production form the tangible cultural aspects unique to the area. Sea salt farming’s historical, aesthetic, scientific, economic, and social values accentuate its community-wide importance. However, challenges such as traditional knowledge and practice erosion, skilled labor scarcity, limited comprehension of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), environmental degradation, and globalization’s impact threaten the cultural authenticity of the salt farming community. To counter these challenges, this study recommends preservation of traditional knowledge, cultural value awareness, reinforced environmental conservation, and fostering collaborations among salt farmers, governmental bodies, and the private sector. Collectively, these efforts will contribute to the sustainability and resilience of Ban Laem’s sea salt cultural heritage.

Innovation of argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) products and byproducts for sustainable development of rural communities in Morocco. A systematic literature review

AbstractArgan tree is endemic of Moroccan arid regions, providing socioeconomic and cultural benefits since ancient times. This study identifies the emerging threats for the argan forest, and the opportunities related to the innovative uses of argan products and byproducts. Argan forest is facing pressure from overgrazing, demand for argan oil and nuts, and land degradation, despite its recognition as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and the inclusion in the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme. Innovative use and recycling of the waste deriving from argan nuts processing, offer promising opportunities to support a local bio-economy. Argan press cake can be used to integrate livestock feeding, to extract sudan dyes or to produce bioplastics. Argan nut shells can be used to produce environment-friendly and low-cost purifying materials and biochar, or as a source of bioenergy. Argan pulp can be used for bioethanol production or to obtain natural insect repellent. Despite these promising opportunities, the socio-economic impact of innovative uses is still limited. Local population is not sufficiently involved in management and development strategies. To support the sustainable development of local communities, it is necessary to promote a participative approach as well as training and product differentiation among argan women cooperatives.