As a new type of device, photoelectric memristors have the potential to mimic the human visual system. Researchers have been able to realize image enhancement, noise reduction, recognition and classification functions through optoelectronic modulation, which has a wide range of applications in the fields of neuromorphic computing and image processing. This paper discusses and analyzes the overview of amnesia, the research progress of photoelectric amnesia, as well as the application and prospect of photoelectric amnesia in artificial vision systems. Through the discussion, this paper concludes that photoelectric memristors have important application potentials in visual perception and recognition, intelligent surveillance systems, and medical image analysis. Photoelectric memristors can simulate part of the functions of the human visual system, provide more efficient and accurate image processing solutions, and are expected to bring technological breakthroughs in a number of application areas. By improving the accuracy and efficiency of image recognition and categorization, it can promote the development of intelligent systems. This is not only an important impetus for basic scientific research, but also has a profound impact on practical applications and industrial development. The prospect of wide application of photoelectric memristor means that it has the potential to become a core component of the next generation of intelligent systems, which will drive the progress and change of the whole field of science and technology.