Structure Of System Research Articles

Bone infection evolution.

The present minireview aims to provide a context for imagination of the timespan for bone infection evolution from the origin of cellular bone tissue to modern orthopedic surgery. From a phylogenetic osteomyelitis-bracketing perspective, and due to the time of osteocyte origin, bacteria might have been able to infect the skeleton for approximately 400 million years. Thereby, bone infections happened simultaneously with central expansions of the immune system and development of terrestrial bone structure. This co-evolution might aid in explaining the many immune evasion strategies seen in the field of bone infections. Bone infection patients with long disease-free periods followed by sudden recurrence and anamnesis of long-term and low-grade infections indicate that bacteria can perform silent parasitism within bone tissue (parasitism; one organism lives on another organism, the host, causing it harm and is structurally adapted to it). The silence seems to be disturbed by immunosuppression and the present minireview shows that a compromised immune system has been associated with bone infection development across all species in the phylogenetic tree. Orthopedic surgery, including arthroplasty and osteosynthesis, favor introduction of bacteria and prosthesis/implant related infections are thus anthropogenic infections (anthropogenic; resulting from the influence of human beings on nature). In that light it is important to remember that the skeleton and immune system have not evolved for millions of years to protect titanium alloys and other metals, commonly used for orthopedic devices from bacterial invasion. Therefore, these relatively new orthopedic infection types must be seen as distinct with unique implant/prosthesis related pathophysiology and immunology.

Inhibition of denitrification and enhancement of microbial interactions in the AGS system by high concentrations of quinoline

Quinoline represents a highly toxic and structurally stable nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound in coking wastewater, posing a potential threat to human beings and the ecological environment. In this study, we investigated the impact of gradually elevating quinoline concentration on pollutant removal efficiency, sludge characteristics, microbial community and their interactions in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. The results demonstrated that AGS was capable of effectively degrading quinoline, with a final removal rate of 90 mg/L quinoline reaching 98.54 ± 0.28%. Notably, the denitrification process was significantly impeded in the presence of 90 mg/L quinoline, with the Phase D effluent displaying a notably high NO3--N concentration of 37.09 ± 21.81 mg/L, primarily attributed to the reduced abundance of norank_f_A4b bacteria. As the quinoline concentration increased, the sludge particle size diminished from 3.46 to 2.60 mm, while the settling performance deteriorated significantly, escalating from 31.29 ± 1.63 mL/g to 62.32 ± 2.87 mL/g. Meanwhile, the protein (PN) content in EPS gradually increased (from 19.87 ± 0.88 mg/g MLVSS to 51.22 ± 3.21 mg/g MLVSS), while the polysaccharide (PS) content fluctuated. Quinoline profoundly modified microbial community composition and structure, with deterministic processes dominating community assembly. Network analysis indicated intensified and complex microbial interactions at 90 mg/L quinoline, characterized by significantly higher positive correlations. In addition, rare taxa (RT) dominated the network nodes, with 74 of 93 key species belonging to RT, highlighting their pivotal roles in sustaining system functions and strengthening microbial connections. This study provides new insights into the effects of quinoline on microbial community structure and interactions in AGS system.

Determinants of successful transition from adolescent to adult HIV treatment in Zambia: a facility-level based comparative study

Background: Successful transition from adolescent to adult care has not been extensively evaluated, in Zambia. The study aimed to assess the relationship between facility-based socio-demographic traits and successful transition to adult HIV care, in Zambia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 7275 patient files from 718 PEPFAR sponsored facilities. Data was extracted from the National Electronic Health Record (EHR) system and imported into STATA SE v-16 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated on socio-demographic features and facility-level performance. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between level of facility and successful transition to adult care, comparing third level facilities to lower-level facilities. Chi-square was employed to evaluate the association between socio-demographic traits and effective transition outcomes at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 43.2% had successfully transitioned to adult care. Health posts performed the best, with 57.3% of patients successfully transitioning to adult care. The study found that health post type, private ownership, rural location, and province were significant factors in successful transition. Adolescents in lower-level facilities had a 59.9% success rate compared to those in third-level facilities. Conclusions: The study stresses the importance of health system structure and posits that successful transition depends on many factors, not simply adolescent traits.

Stochastic Decision-Making Optimization Model for Large Electricity Self-Producers Using Natural Gas in Industrial Processes: An Approach Considering a Regret Cost Function

In the context of high energy costs and energy transition, the optimal use of energy resources for industrial consumption is of fundamental importance. This paper presents a decision-making structure for large consumers with flexibility to manage electricity or natural gas consumption to satisfy the demands of industrial processes. The proposed modelling energy system structure relates monthly medium and hourly short-term decisions to which these agents are subjected, represented by two connected optimization models. In the medium term, the decision occurs under uncertain conditions of energy and natural gas market prices, as well as hydropower generation (self-production). The monthly decision is represented by a risk-constrained optimization model. In the short term, hourly optimization considers the operational flexibility of energy and/or natural gas consumption, subject to the strategy defined in the medium term and mathematically connected by a regret cost function. The model application of a real case of a Brazilian aluminum producer indicates a measured energy cost reduction of USD 3.98 millions over a six-month analysis period.

Anxiolytic-like effects of acute serotonin-releasing agents in zebrafish models of anxiety: experimental study and systematic review.

Though commonly used to model affective disorders, zebrafish display notable differences in terms of the structure and function of the brain serotonin system, including responses to pharmacological interventions, as compared to mammals. For example, elevation of brain serotonin following acute administration of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) generally has anxiogenic effects, both in the clinical situation and in rodent models of anxiety, but previous research has indicated the opposite in zebrafish. However, several issues remain unresolved. We conducted a systematic review of SRI effects in zebrafish models of anxiety and, on the basis of these results, performed a series of experiments further investigating the influence of serotonin-releasing agents on anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish, with sex-segregated wild-type animals being administered either escitalopram, or the serotonin releaser fenfluramine, in the light-dark test. In the systematic review, we find that the available literature indicates an anxiolytic-like effect of SRIs in the novel-tank diving test. Regarding the light-dark test, most studies reported no behavioural effects of SRIs, although the few that did generally saw anxiolytic-like responses. In the experimental studies, consistent anxiolytic-like effects were observed with neither sex nor habituation influencing treatment response. We find that the general effect of acute SRI administration in zebrafish indeed appears to be anxiolytic-like, indicating, at least partly, differences in the functioning of the serotonin system as compared to mammals and that caution is advised when using zebrafish to model affective disorders.

The role of BaTiO3 nanoparticles as photocatalysts in the synthesis and characterization of novel fruit dyes is investigated.

In the present work, the photocatalytic activity against the natural dye extracted from the novel fruits has been studied by the BaTiO3 nanoparticles (NPs) under a ultra-violet (UV) light source. The large concentrations of an essential phenolic agent present in this phytochemical extract superimposed with cloths fibers make strong stain and degrade into another form of toxic, which is excluded from the many textiles industries as the colorful waste waters without recycling and removal of that dye pigments have been investigated using both photodegradation and photoluminescence techniques. The entitled nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the soft chemical root-modified solvothermal synthesis combo method and exposure to heat treatment such that the annealing process has been done for different temperatures ranging from 100°C to 250°C. As for as concern the characterization, as a start, structural and morphology studies have been reported here that highly crystalline oriented peaks data using powder x-ray diffraction techniques (PXRD) as well as the surface morphology including the size, shape, and mass distribution using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques, which purely belong to rutile tetragonal structure of the crystal system and circular and noncircular flakes like rough surface morphology materials respectively. The lattice dissociation constant 'ε' value of the BaTiO3 NPs has determined to be ~2.71 × 10-3 using the Williamson-Hall (W-H plot) analysis of crystallographic data. In the UV visible spectroscopy findings, since the extreme quantum confinement of BaTiO3 nanoflakes/nanodisc, the optical energy bandgap has been estimated to be a range of 1.98 to 2.67 eV (~2.48 eV) found from the Tauc plot analysis, which contributes to the significantly owing to the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency with excellent performance along exciton formation, superoxide ions, and hydroxyl free radicals generations under UV-vis light irradiation resulting in efficient degradation of typical novel fruit organic dye. Photoluminescence spectra observed at room temperature and low temperature have been observed for the BaTiO3 nanoflakes, which exhibit the blue emission due to the crystalline defects such as the appearance of Ba vacancies leads to the conceivable beginning of p-type conductivity and the origination of free exciton emission reveals the direct bandgap transition nature of nanoflakes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: According to our findings, 89.71% of the natural syzygium cumin is degraded by photocatalysis reaction. As a plausible mechanism for the destruction of natural dyes under solar light, photocatalytic destruction has been proposed. The reaction between these reactive free radical species leads to high efficiency photodegradation with a short decay time. In addition to water treatment and environmental cleaning applications, the excellent performance of this photocatalyst makes it a promising candidate for other applications. Hence, the synthesized BaTiO3 nanoflakes showcase a highly significant advancement towards the development of a textiles dye recycling method.

Design and Implementation of Small Modular Amphibious Robot System

Various marine engineering facilities have been eroded by marine organisms and wind waves for a long time, resulting in different types of damage to the surface of marine engineering facilities, such as the pile legs of offshore platforms. Therefore, in order to carry out safety inspections and other work on marine engineering facilities, a small amphibious robot structure system and a set of control systems adapted to it are independently developed. Various problems such as the modular design of the structure, composite motion mode, adsorption stability, wall adaptability of the crawling mode, and flaw localization have been solved by means of three-dimensional modeling, mechanical analysis, simulation, and electronic design. At the same time, a set of control systems including hardware and software is developed for the amphibious robot. In order to improve the stability and efficiency of the amphibious robot working underwater, a sliding mode control algorithm based on the exponential reaching law and saturation function is designed. For the fixed depth and fixed heading control functions, the sliding mode control algorithm and the PID control algorithm are simulated and compared. Finally, several types of experiments are carried out for the amphibious robot. The simulation and experimental results show that all the functions of the amphibious robot meet work requirements, such as the motion performance of the composite motion mode. Compared with the PID control algorithm, the sliding mode control algorithm has a faster response speed and better stability, which is conducive to the efficient and stable work of the amphibious robot underwater.

Divine traditions and the governance of the city-state of Medina

Divine revelations in Islam are not restricted to the spiritual well-being of its followers but aim to guide them towards the realisation of a socio-political organisation, a polity, wherein they can achieve spiritual as well as socio-political excellence. Because of the immense significance of socio-political organisation in Islam, the governance of socio-political organisation is one of the key topics in Islam. The principles of the governance of socio-political organisation in Islam are based on certain divine traditions. This article focusses on five major Islamic divine traditions outlined in Islamic revelatory culture: firstly, the divine tradition of guidance and misguidance; secondly, the divine tradition of Ni’mat [Blessings] and their reversal; thirdly, the divine tradition of the triumph of Haqq’ [Truth] over Báṭil [Falsehood]; fourthly, the divine tradition of the destruction of the oppressors and fifthly, the divine tradition of trial. This article attempts to show that these five Islamic divine traditions form the foundation for the structure and function of the governance system of the first Muslim polity, the city-state of Medina.Contribution: This article highlights the role of Islamic divine traditions in the structure and function of the governance system of the first Muslim polity, the city-state of Medina.

Research on Deriving a Proportional System of a Roof Structure Through the Analysis of Hanok Architectural Design Methods

Hanoks are structures that have been built with unique techniques and styles since prehistoric times. Demand for hanoks is growing because they are recognized as climate-friendly buildings that make use of the natural environment as it is. However, there are a lack of standardized records concerning the methods or standards for constructing hanoks, so inferring them through the dimensional analysis of existing buildings is challenging. The roof of a hanok is its most beautiful part, and its proportions change the appearance of the hanok. Relying on existing examples or inherited figures when designing hanoks has led to the formation of uniform hanoks and the loss of their identity due to the lack of proportional standards. This study aimed to derive a proportional roof structure system by analyzing hanok architectural design methods. The employed method allowed for an analysis of the types of roofs and eaves of hanoks and extracted all the roof-related factors, such as the eave overhang, eave angle, roof angle, and hanok height. These data were compared with each other to find regularities and derive a final proportional system for a hanok roof structure. The analysis showed that the eave-height-to-roof-height ratio is 5.5:4.5, and notably, the sum of the eave and roof angles is in the range of 118°~120°, which means that the lower the eave angle, the higher the roof angle. Therefore, the roof structure of a hanok should not be designed based on a partial average value; rather, it should be based on a mutual proportional system considering the eave angle, roof angle, hanok height, and eave height. The results of this study can provide designers with a basis for creating hanoks through the use of the proportional system of roofs. This data basis guarantees continuity between the past and the present, and the proposed system can serve as a guide for hanok roof design and structural analysis.

A comparative analysis of the evaluation system for comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices in China

Water is a fundamental natural resource that affects human and social development, and also plays an important role in modern agricultural production and food security. In China, agricultural water consumption accounts for the majority of the total water consumption. For a long time, China has not fully implemented water pricing and payment for agricultural water, and the lower agricultural water cost have led to the waste of water resource and the rapid conversion of agricultural water to other industries. In order to avoid agricultural water waste and achieve the goal of agricultural sustainable development, the Chinese government has launched a comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices nationwide since 2016. According to the plan, nowadays, the reform will faces overall evaluation and acceptance in 2024 and 2025. However, there is a lack of a relatively unified and flexible nationwide evaluation index system and acceptance measures. In this study, a comparative research of the evaluation system for comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices was developed. Based on existing evaluation and acceptance measures issued by four typical provincial regions, this study compared and analyzed the compliance and similarities and differences of these acceptance measures with national reform policies and requirements. From the aspects of evaluation procedure and index system, a systematic comparative analysis was conducted on the integrity and differences in the four regions. At the same time, suggestions were given for policy-making of national evaluation process and standard. The comparative analysis results showed that the evaluation indices in the four provincial regions have met all the key points of national reform policies and have a complete system, but there were significant differences in the structure of the evaluation index system in different provincial regions. It is recommended to establish a simple, relatively unified and practical national evaluation and acceptance system as soon as possible. In addition, evaluation criteria for individual specific indices should be determined by region based on the differences in economic capacity and agricultural water conservancy facilities conditions.

Research on the Technology of Improving the Compatibility of DC Measurement Devices Based on the Operation Experience of Siemens Hardware Solutions

The aim of this study was to manufacture alternative Siemens DC measurement system equipment to solve the problems of increased failure rates of foreign DC measurement equipment and the stopped production of key parts. In this paper, the overall structure and common faults of the Siemens DC measurement system are introduced, the difference between TDM signal frame structure and FT3 frame structure is detailed, and the related functional structure, chip type, and function of the Siemens distal module and merging unit (including laser function) are studied. The remote module, merging unit (including laser function), and related hardware design and software design to replace the Siemens DC measurement system were developed, and the test environment and control protection, fault recording wave for communication, and other functional tests were built. The test results show that the domestic remote module, merging unit (laser function), and other technologies communicate normally with the existing Siemens and the domestic mainstream manufacturers, and the accuracy meets the requirements of the 0.2 level.

Usos de materiales y energía en una tierra finita

INTRODUCTION. This article examines the relationship between material resources and the energy transition needed to mitigate climate change. The Earth is an open system in terms of energy, but closed in terms of materials, which implies that its sustainable management is crucial. It is estimated that around 50% of the human energy system and 70% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with materials management, which underlines the need for a new approach to materials management that limits the continued growth of resource extraction while promoting a circular economy. The article concludes with a reflection on the attitudes and actions needed for the post-fossil transition and the importance of education in this process. OBJECTIVE. To analyse the impact of material resources on the energy transition and to propose measures for a more sustainable management. METHOD. Theoretical research based on the analysis of reports and data on the use of material and energy resources. RESULTS. It was found that materials management is one of the main consumers of energy and constitutes one of the main sources of GHG emissions, and that moderation in its consumption and orientation towards the circular economy can significantly contribute to reducing them. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In order to advance towards a post-fossil civilization, in addition to general awareness and a change in attitudes, a change in the structure of the energy system, new forms of financing and new resource management regulations adapted to the characteristics of renewable energies are required.

FEATURES OF THE MODERN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article examines different approaches to the essence of the concepts of «management», «health care management», etc., based on which the interpretation of the concept of «health care management» is proposed. Conceptualization of the content of the terms «management» and «administration» is of great importance for the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus not only of the theory of management and science in general, but also of modern branch theories. The variety of approaches is caused by the conditions of functioning of modern management systems in the field of health care, which is caused by the continuation of the reformation of the management system of the industry, the addition of the legal framework, the search for sources of financing, personnel support, and the development of infrastructure in most modern states. The article analyzes the object and subject of health care management as mandatory components of the structure of the health care system. The content of the main functions and methods of management in the field of health care is revealed. The interrelationship of functions and methods depending on the level of management and the applied model of organization of the health care system is analyzed. It is emphasized that the presence of different types of health care models depends not only on the method of financing and management, but also on the conformity of this model to the cultural, economic and social characteristics of the nation and the state. It is indicated that modern states, which continue the process of reforming the health care sector, can use the best practices of each of the presented models to create an effective and accessible system of medical care, capable of responding to modern challenges, with an effective management system. It has been established that the management system of the health care sector should be based on a number of scientific approaches that will allow taking into account all factors of the internal and external environment. It has been proven that the need to form an optimal management system is an important element of transformational processes in the field of health care. Today, the field of health care should be aimed at developing the capacity of health care institutions to meet the established quality standards, offer a favorable environment for the activities of medical workers, and meet the existing needs of citizens.

GAO–FCNN–Enabled Beamforming of the RIS–Assisted Intelligent Communication System

The joint beamforming optimization from the perspective of the bit error rate (BER) in a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)–assisted intelligent communication system is studied in this paper. A genetic algorithm (GA) is investigated to address the bottleneck of the system performance based on the dynamic adaptability theory. However, the bottleneck is caused by the interaction between the active and passive beamforming. To tackle the constraints of conventional optimization approaches, the hybrid scheme is proposed to combine the GA optimization (GAO) and fully connected neural network (FCNN) strategy. Specifically, the intelligent collaborative tuning of system parameters is achieved using this proposed technique. Simulation findings indicate that the hybrid scheme not only simplifies the calculation process to obtain the optimal network parameters, but also effectively optimizes the system structure by dynamically adjusting the RIS reflection configuration. Based on this, the signal transmission quality is improved, interference is reduced, and the stable and efficient operation of the RIS–assisted intelligent communication system is ensured in the complex wireless transmission scenario.

High‐Gain Boost Converter Based Energy Harvesting Method for the Ultra‐Low Voltage Difference of HVDC Transmission Line

ABSTRACTOnline monitoring sensors are crucial for ensuring the long‐term stable operation of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. However, ensuring a sustainable and reliable energy supply for these sensors in the HVDC transmission line is extremely challenging. Energy harvesting is an efficient solution to meet the energy supply needs of self‐powered online monitoring sensors. This work proposes a novel method for harvesting energy from the ultra‐low voltage difference of HVDC transmission line using a high‐gain boost converter. Firstly, the structure of the energy harvesting system is proposed. Then, the mechanism by which the gain of the boost converter is easily affected by parasitic parameters of the circuit and device under ultra‐low input voltage is analyzed. A method for automatically stabilizing the output voltage of the boost converter using a post‐stage energy management circuit is proposed. This method avoids the use of closed‐loop control circuits, which would otherwise increase losses. Finally, the boost converter with high gain is designed to elevate the ultra‐low voltage difference to a higher voltage, providing sufficient power for the online monitoring sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through simulations and experiments, demonstrating that the energy harvesting system can extract energy from a voltage difference as low as 35 mV. Additionally, the system can produce a stable output power of up to 128 mW when the voltage difference is 100 mV.

The machine system as a factor of scientific and technological progress in agro-industrial complex

The article proposes a principle for forming a machine system using the object-process approach to modeling technical systems as a methodology of systems engineering. It has been shown that the central concept of a machine system is scientific and technological progress (STP): a machine system should simultaneously promote progress in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) and reflect it. The article presents a definition of a machine system, its functions, main goal, architecture, stakeholders, and external environment. A machine system is positioned as a mixed system that combines conceptual, substantive, and physical components. The conceptual part is an information product – the machine system itself, presented in the form of a computer program, website, standards, databases, on paper, etc. The physical component is a group of experts in developing a machine system. It has been shown that in a market economy, a machine system should be built not on the basis of specific brands and models of technical means, but on the basis of their types. A definition of the type was proposed based on the division of technical means characteristics into functional and non-functional. To substantiate the machine types, an approximate list of types of non-functional characteristics of agricultural machinery was formed. Diagrams of the architecture of the machine system and the development of types of agricultural machines were constructed. The architecture of the machine system is a combination of the structure of the machine system and the activities of experts in the development of the machine system, which ensures the performance of the machine system of its functions, the main ones being the systematization of agricultural machines and technologies and the formation of ideas among interested parties about the state and directions of scientific and technological progress in the agro-industrial complex.

Long-term recovery of compacted reclaimed farmland soil in coal mining subsidence area

During the reclamation process of coal mining subsidence areas, mechanical compaction hinders the rapid recovery of reclaimed mine soil (RMS) functions to their pre-mining levels. To optimize reclaimed farmland management, which can promote the recovery of compacted soils, this study aims to explore the key factors and underlying mechanisms affecting RMS recovery from a systemic perspective using complex network theory (CNT). Soil samples from reclaimed farmland at different recovery stages (0, 2, 6, 12, 16, and 22 years) and adjacent non-subsided cultivated soils (NCS) were collected at a depth of 0 ∼ 20 cm in the eastern plains mining region of China. Twenty-four soil indicators were measured, and their evolution over RMS recovery was analyzed. CNT was employed to systematically analyze the complex network relationships among these indicators, identifying key factors and underlying mechanisms affecting RMS recovery. The results indicated that compaction led to soil macroaggregate (MA) destruction, mineralization losses of organic carbon and nitrogen, reduced microbial activity, degraded soil fertility, and increased complexity and disorder in the relationships among soil indicators. Re-cultivation had a positive effect on the recovery of RMS. After 22 years of cultivation, significant improvements in soil structure were observed, with MA increasing by 30.95 % (P < 0.05). Based on this, organic carbon gradually accumulated, with soil organic carbon (SOC) increasing by 250.94 % (P < 0.05). Microbial abundance similarly improved, with total microbial biomass (TB) increasing by 123.07 % (P < 0.05). Soil fertility was also enhanced, with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) increasing by 125.96 %, 304.84 %, and 61.90 %, respectively. However, RMS indicators and system structure remained distinct from those of the NCS. The first approximately 12 years after re-cultivation represented a critical period during which soil structure improvements drove RMS functional recovery, with a focus on MA recovery. Increasing particulate organic carbon (POC) accumulation is an effective strategy to promote aggregation in compacted RMS. Microbially mediated carbon–nitrogen cycling emerged as a crucial driver of the gradual recovery of the RMS system after re-cultivation.

Uncertainty propagation of initial conditions in thermal models

The operation of machine tools often demands a highly accurate knowledge of the tool center point’s (TCP) position. The displacement of the TCP over time can be inferred from coupled thermal models, which comprise a set of geometrically coupled heat equations. Each of these equations represents the temperature in part of the machine, and they are often formulated on complicated geometries. The accuracy of the TCP prediction depends highly on the accuracy of the model parameters, such as heat exchange parameters, and the initial temperature. Thus it is of utmost interest to determine the influence of these parameters on the TCP displacement prediction. In turn, the accuracy of the parameter estimate is essentially determined by the measurement accuracy and the sensor placement. Determining the accuracy of a given sensor configuration is a key prerequisite of optimal sensor placement. In this paper, we develop a thermal model for the discretization of realistic machine tool. On top of this model we propose two numerical algorithms to evaluate any given thermal sensor configuration with respect to its accuracy. We compute the posterior variances from the posterior covariance matrix with respect to an uncertain initial temperature field. The full matrix is dense and potentially very large, depending on the size of the discretized model. We first present a way to compute this approximation, which relies on the computation of the model sensitivities with respect to the initial values. Additionally, we present a low-rank tensor method which exploits the underlying system structure. We compare the efficiency of both algorithms with respect to runtime and memory requirements and discuss their respective advantages with regard to optimal sensor placement problems.

ÜMUMTƏHSİL MƏKTƏBLƏRİNDƏ TƏHSİLİN İDARƏ OLUNMASININ BƏZİ PROBLEMLƏRİ

The article addresses significant issues pertaining to the administration of educational pro¬cess in high schools. Author highlights that, as Azerbaijan prepares to integrate into the global education system, significant challenges have emerged in the administration of the educational process. These issues, though complex, require prompt resolution. Some of these issues have been accumulating since the period of traditional education, while others have emerged as a consequence of the requirements set out in the State Education Reform Programme. The current content of the Azerbaijani education system presents significant obstacles to the develop¬ment of a global perspective among individuals from all professions, effectively limiting their potential for professional growth and development. The forms of education inherited from traditional education, the structure of the educational system, the distinction between theoretical knowledge and practical reality, the significance of certificates and diplomas, and the actual state of knowledge have created a situation of con¬flict. Author believes that it is necessary to ensure a critical examination of our historical past, to investigate the salient aspects of the administration of the existing educational system in developed European countries, and to identify more effective structures in this field for the renewal of our education system. The administration of Azerbaijan's education system should be based on universal and national values, the spiritual and moral qualities of the Turkic world and Islam.

Shortening a mixed salt and mobile shale system: A case study from East Breaks, northwest Gulf of Mexico

The coexistence of two low-shear strength layers in a continental margin, such as salt and shales, conditions the resulting structural style and also constitutes a challenge for seismic imaging and energy resource exploration. We have analyzed the 3D structure of a mixed salt-shale system in the western Gulf of Mexico, in the East Breaks foldbelt, by interpreting a depth-migrated seismic data set. Overlying the allochthonous Sigsbee canopy and pierced by isolated salt diapirs, the Oligocene shale-prone sequences were shortened during the Miocene through pervasive deformations, developing a major suprasalt detachment system associated with duplexes below and different fold and thrust systems above. Oligocene shales locally reach a critical state and flow, resulting in: (1) inflated shale-cored detachment anticlines, with the stacking of allochthonous mobile shale domains; (2) detached lift-off anticlines with shale bulbs and fishtail thrusted welds; (3) allochthonous shale sheets at the upper tip of thrusts, fed by fluidized material migrating along associated fault zones; (4) hourglass shale diapirs; and (5) Christmas trees and vertical mud pipes connected to small mud volcanoes. The salt diapirs deformed simultaneously, as did the shales. Salt accommodated the shortening through localized subvertical welds that isolated them from the allochthonous Sigsbee canopy and through weld thrusts formed by fault-bounded blocks with highly sheared salt and mobile shales. Mobile shale structures wrap around the squeezed salt diapirs, presenting a unique pattern that has not yet been documented in experimental models with precursor salt diapirs deformed under contraction. Mixed salt-shale systems are a new challenge for structural analysis and experimental models, as well as for seismic model building in situations where there is a high dispersion of seismic energy due to the unique properties of mobile shales.