System In Different Regions Research Articles

Exact explicit nonlinear wave solutions to a modified cKdV equation

In this paper, we study nonlinear wave solutions to a modified cKdV equation by exploiting Bifurcation method of Hamiltonian systems. We identify all possible bifurcation conditions and obtain the phase portraits of the system in different regions of the parametric space, through which, we obtain exact explicit nonlinear wave solutions, including solitary wave solutions, singular wave solutions, periodic singular wave solutions, and kink (antikink) wave solutions. Of particular interest is the appearance of the so-called V-shaped kink (antikink) wave solutions, W-shaped solitary wave solutions, and W-shaped periodic wave solutions, which were not found in previous studies.

Multi-Fractal Analy is of Daily Air Temperature Time Series in Coastal Areas of China

In this article, the Multi-Fractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) method is adopted to study the temperature, i. e., the maximum temperature (Tmax), mean temperature (Tavg) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature, multifractal characteristics and their formation mechanism, in the typical temperature zones in the coastal regions in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Liaoning Provinces. Following are some terms and concepts used in the present study. Multifractality is defined as a term that characterizes the complexity and self-similarity of objects, and fractal characteristics depict the distribution of probability over the whole set caused by different local conditions or different levels in the process of evolution. Fractality strength denotes the fluctuation range of the data set, and long-range correlation (LRC) measures the stability of the climate system and the trend of climate change in the future. In this research, it is found that the internal stability and feedback mechanism of climate systems in different regions show regional differences. Furthermore, the research also proves that the Tavg, Tmax and Tmin of the above three provinces are highly multifractal. The temperature series multifractality of each province decreases in the order of temperature series multifractality of Liaoning > temperature series multifractality of Guangdong > temperature series multifractality of Jiangsu, and the corresponding long-range correlations follow the same order. It reveals that the most stable temperature series is that of Liaoning, followed by the temperature series of Guangdong, and the most unstable one is that of Jiangsu. Liaoning has the most stable climate system, and it will thus be less responsive to the future climate warming. The stability of the climate system in Jiangsu is the weakest, and its temperature fluctuation will continue to increase in the future, which will probably result in the meteorological disasters of high temperature and heat wave there. Guangdong possesses the strongest degree of multifractal strength, which indicates that its internal temperature series fluctuation is the largest among the three regions. The Tmax multifractal strength of Jiangsu is stronger than that of Liaoning, while the Tavg and Tmin multifractal strength of Jiangsu is weaker than that of Liaoning, showing that Jiangsu has a larger internal Tmax fluctuation than Liaoning does, while it has a smaller fluctuation of Tavg and Tmin than Liaoning does. Guangdong and Liaoning both show the strongest Tmin multifractal strength, followed by Tavg multifractal strength, and the weakest Tmax multifractal strength. However, Jiangsu has the strongest Tmax, followed by Tavg, and the weakest Tmin. The research findings show that these phenomena are closely related to solar radiation, monsoon strength, topography and some other factors. In addition, the multifractality of the temperature time series results from the negative power-law distribution and long-range correlation, in which the long-range correlation influence of temperature series itself plays the dominant role. With the backdrop of global climate change, this research can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of the spatial-temporal air temperature variation in the eastern coastal areas of China and help us understand its characteristics and causes, and thus the present study will be significant for the environmental protection of coastal areas.

Performance and Economic Evaluation of Solar Rooftop Systems in Different Regions of Thailand

Solar rooftop systems in the residential sector have been rapidly increased in the term of installed capacity. There are various factors, such as climate, temperature, and solar radiation, that have effects on solar power generation efficiency. This paper presents a performance assessment of a solar system installed on the rooftop of residence in different regions of Thailand by using PSIM simulation. Solar rooftop installation comparison in different regions is carried out to evaluate the suitable location. In addition, three types of solar panels are used in research: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film. The electrical parameters of real power and energy generated from the systems are investigated and analyzed. Furthermore, the economic evaluation of different solar rooftop system sizes using the monocrystalline module is investigated by using economic indicators of discounted payback period (DPP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). Results show that the central region of Thailand is a suitable place for installing solar rooftop in terms of solar radiation, and the temperature has more solar power generation capacity than the other regions. The monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels can generate maximum power close to each other. All solar rooftop sizes with the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme give the same DPP of 6.1 years, IRR of 15%, and PI of 2.57 which are better than the cases without the FiT scheme. However, a large-scale installation of solar rooftop systems can receive more electrical energy produced from the solar rooftop systems. As a result, the larger solar rooftop system sizes can achieve better economic satisfaction.

Lane‐keeping control based on an improved artificial potential method and coordination of steering/braking systems

Based on the impact of the vehicle velocity on the potential field function, considering the overall lane-keeping performance and vehicle stability, the yaw angular adjusting factor is introduced to regulate the potential field function. The proportions of vehicle velocity and yaw angle factors in potential field function are distributed by extension decision. The sliding mode controller is designed based on the two-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model to obtain the front wheel steering angle. The fuzzy decision is made for the dynamic thresholds of distance deviation and angle deviation of lane-keeping system to avoid the control frequently start-up. Next, the combined control strategy of active steering and differential braking systems is designed based on vehicle driving safety boundary, and the yaw angle rate and mass-centroid sideslip angle are selected as the characteristic variables for dividing the vehicle driving safety regions. The different weights are determined for the steering and braking systems in different regions. Finally, the simulation by Carsim/Simulink and the hardware-in-loop test are carried out to demonstrate that it is effective and superior by adopting the sliding-mode controller based on the improved artificial potential function and the coordination strategy of steering and braking systems.

Advancing the Practice of Patient- and Family-Centered Care: The Central Role of Nursing Leadership

National focus on increasing patient and family engagement in care to improve outcomes continues to intensify as health systems shift to care models that support population health. However, health systems struggle to understand exactly how to effectively engage patients and their families in care. This article focuses on strategies implemented by 4 health systems in different regions of the country to improve patient and family engagement and nursing leadership's pivotal role in advancing the practice of patient- and family-centered care.

Finite element simulation of mesoscale inhomogeneous deformation in 304 stainless steel foil tensile

Based on the crystal plastic finite element method (CPFEM) and the Voronoi polyhedron theory, a three-dimensional uniaxial tensile model of 304 stainless steel foil is established. In view of the influence of the microstructure characteristics such as grain size, morphology and orientation on the plastic forming, the crystal plasticity representative volume element (RVE) models with different initial grain orientations are used to simulate the mesoscale inhomogeneous deformation of 304 stainless steel foil for the uniaxial tensile engineering strain of 60%. The simulation results show that various initial grain orientations give rise to the different properties of activated slip systems, leading to the great difference in deformation degrees and rotation angles of grains, the uneven distribution of the cumulative slip, and the inhomogeneous deformation of 304 stainless steel foil. This can be attributed to the mutual constraint and coordination of polycrystalline deformation processes, the shear stress of each slip systems varies greatly. The slip systems in favourable orientations are preferentially activated and the slip systems in disadvantaged orientations are difficult to initiate, which results in the inhomogeneous in the shear strain rate of each slip system in different regions within the grain.

Study on the comprehensive energy performance of different shading systems in China

This study evaluates the impacts of different shading systems on the comprehensive energy performance of buildings in China. Firstly, simulation models for four shading systems were developed using THERM, WINDOW and EnergyPlus. Then, four shading systems with different qualities, setting modes and baseline window systems were defined and simulated. Two cities, Beijing and Guangzhou, were selected as representative cities for heating-dominated and cooling-dominated regions in this study. Finally, the comprehensive energy performance, including cooling electricity consumption, heating electricity consumption and lighting electricity consumption for buildings with different shading systems were analysed. The results show that in Beijing, the most suitable shading system is roller shade with D quality (the combination of performance parameters), H (half shading) setting mode and low-e glazing system, while in Guangzhou, the most suitable shading system is roller shade with A quality, F (Full shading) setting mode and low-e glazing system. Besides, buildings in Beijing with suitable shading systems can achieve at least 20% energy saving potential (including air conditioning and lighting electricity consumption) compared with buildings without shading systems and the corresponding figure for Guangzhou is 50%. The conclusions of this study provide a reference for design and selection of shading systems in different regions in China.

Techno-economic assessment of the horizontal geothermal heat pump systems: A comprehensive review

Abstract Geothermal heat pump has been widely recognized as one of the promising technologies for building applications because of its high energy efficiency and low operating expense, however the high capital investment and installation costs discourage building owners to choose such a system. The horizontal geothermal heat pump system with reduced cost is a viable option that would be utilized widely, the aim of this paper is to catalogue and critique a range of effective approaches for the horizontal geothermal heat pump systems in different regions based on techno-economic assessment data. A ground heat exchanger is a vital component of the horizontal geothermal heat pump. The state-of-the-art analytical and numerical models of the linear-loop, slinky-coil and spiral-coil ground heat exchangers are generalized, in addition to their advantages and disadvantages. A large number of economic evaluation methods for analysing the financial performance of the horizontal geothermal heat pump system are presented. At the end, the standpoints, recommendations and potential future study on the horizontal geothermal heat pump system are deliberated.

Cross-country comparison of strategies for building consumer trust in food.

Consumer trust in the modern food system is essential given its complexity. Contexts vary across countries with regard to food incidents, regulation and systems. It is therefore of interest to compare how key actors in different countries might approach (re)building consumer trust in the food system; and particularly relevant to understanding how food systems in different regions might learn from one another. The purpose of this paper is to explore differences between strategies for (re)building trust in food systems, as identified in two separate empirical studies, one conducted in Australia, New Zealand and the UK (Study 1) and another on the Island of Ireland (Study 2). Interviews were conducted with media, food industry and food regulatory actors across the two studies (n = 105 Study 1; n = 50 Study 2). Data were coded into strategy statements, strategies describing actions to (re)build consumer trust. Strategy statements were compared between Studies 1 and 2 and similarities and differences were noted. The strategy statements identified in Study 1 to (re)build consumer trust in the food system were shown to be applicable in Study 2, however, there were notable differences in the contextual factors that shaped the means by which strategies were implemented. As such, the transfer of such approaches across regions is not an appropriate means to addressing breaches in consumer trust. Notwithstanding, our data suggest that there is still capacity to learn between countries when considering strategies for (re)building trust in the food system but caution must be exercised in the transfer of approaches.

Carbon footprint of different agricultural systems in China estimated by different evaluation metrics

Increase of concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere have garnered lots of attention due to the associated risk of global warming. Carbon footprint (CF) is a measure that is extensively used to assess the contribution of an individual, event, organization, or product to global climate change. In the current study, the CF of five agricultural systems with different crop systems in different regions in China was evaluated in terms of CO2 eq per hectare, per kg crop yield, and per unit economic output, association with soil GHGs, agrochemical production and soil organic carbon (SOC) change. The results showed that direct nitrous oxide accounted for 61.9–97.8% of total soil GHG emissions in upland fields (agroforestry system, summer maize-winter wheat rotation tillage system, maize-soybean intercropping system, and continuous maize tillage system), while soil methane accounted for 89.9–95.1% of total soil GHG emissions in the paddy field (double rice-winter crop rotation system). GHGs produced from agricultural inputs varied from 2698.7 to 9781.5 kg CO2 eq ha−1 yr−1 among different agricultural systems. Nitrogen fertilizer was the dominant source of GHGs, which accounted for 47.4–92.4% of the total emission. Annual SOC increase ranged from −639.9–13823.9 kg CO2 eq ha−1 yr−1 in the five agricultural systems. Increases of SOC in the treatment of “reduced tillage with straw return” offset all of the total GHG emissions while “conventional tillage without straw return” decreased SOC storage in the continuous maize tillage system. An increase of SOC in crop systems of the other four agricultural systems could offset 23.2–66.7% of the total GHG emissions. Carbon emissions per hectare in the double rice-winter crop rotation system (7339.93–22994.17 kg CO2 eq ha−1 yr−1) were higher than the other four agricultural systems (−744.96–6523.12 kg CO2 eq ha−1 yr−1). In terms of crop yield, CFs of the summer maize-winter wheat rotation tillage system (0.28–0.34 kg CO2 eq kg−1 yr−1) were lower than those from the other four agricultural systems (0.39–2.83 kg CO2 eq kg−1 yr−1), except for the treatment with reduced tillage and residue return in the continuous maize tillage system. Similarly, CFs, as quantified via per unit economic output of the agroforestry system (0.12–0.19 kg CO2 eq ¥−1 yr−1), were lower than those in other the four systems (0.26–0.89 kg CO2 eq ¥−1 yr−1).Different evaluation methodology greatly affected the CF of different crop systems and mostly likely contributed to the contrary evaluation results, especially in the complex system of various crop systems (agroforestry and double rice-winter crop rotation system) in current study. Evaluation results of the CF of an agricultural system depends highly on the methodology used and may suggest different management decisions for lowering CF to promote the development of cleaner production.

Dynamics of traveling wave solutions to a highly nonlinear Fujimoto–Watanabe equation**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11701191 and 11871232), the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in University of Fujian Province, Quanzhou High-Level Talents Support Plan (Grant No. 2017ZT012), and the Subsidized Project for Cultivating Postgraduates’ Innovative Ability in Scientific Research

In this work, we apply the bifurcation method of dynamical systems to investigate the underlying complex dynamics of traveling wave solutions to a highly nonlinear Fujimoto–Watanabe equation. We identify all bifurcation conditions and phase portraits of the system in different regions of the three-dimensional parametric space, from which we present the sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of traveling wave solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, kink-like (antikink-like) wave solutions, and compactons. Furthermore, we obtain their exact expressions and simulations, which can help us understand the underlying physical behaviors of traveling wave solutions to the equation.

Potential yields, yield gaps, and optimal agronomic management practices for rice production systems in different regions of China

Understanding crop potential yields, yield gaps, and optimal agronomic management practices helps in identifying the limiting factors, scope, and ways to achieve sustainable intensified agricultural production. Here, using detailed field trial data collected from 1981 to 2009 at 11 agro-meteorological experimental stations and the crop model CERES–Rice, we investigated changes in potential yields, water- and nitrogen-stressed yields, and yield gaps of rice in the major rice cultivation regions of China during the collection period. We further identified the optimal nitrogen application rate, transplanting date, and cultivar traits for the sustainable intensification of rice production systems in different regions. Owing to climate change, the potential rice yields declined or changed little in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR), while they increased or changed little in the Northeastern China Plain (NECP) during 1981–2009. Rice yield gaps shrank in the major rice production regions because the actual yields increased and approached the potential yields. The average yield gap was 16.0% in the 2000s, with water and nitrogen stresses being the limiting factors in the NECP and water stress being the major limiting factor in the MLRYR. The nitrogen application rate was suggested to be increased by 47.5% and 21.7% for single rice (i.e., rice cultivated in a single season per year) in the NECP and MLRYR, respectively, and increased by 5.2% for early rice (i.e., rice cultivated in the early season in a rice–rice rotation system per year). However, it was suggested to be reduced by 13.1% for late rice (i.e., rice cultivated in the late season in a rice–rice rotation system per year). Early transplanting could increase the yield, while late transplanting could decrease the yield. The impacts were greater for single rice in the NECP and late rice in the MLRYR than for single rice and early rice in the MLRYR. Cultivars with longer growth durations, and greater spikelet numbers and grain weights, could significantly increase the rice yield by 14.8%–45.6%. The optimal cultivars, combined with advancing transplanting by 10 d, could increase rice yields by 29.2%–68.9%. Our findings provide new approaches, important insights, and effective options for the sustainable intensification of rice production systems in different regions of China.

SEVERAL TYPES OF PERIODIC WAVE SOLUTIONS AND THEIR RELATIONS OF A FUJIMOTO-WATANABE EQUATION

In this paper, we study periodic wave solutions of a Fujimoto–Watanabe equation by exploiting the bifurcation method of dynamical systems. We obtain all possible bifurcations of phase portraits of the system in different regions of the parametric space, and then give the sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of several types of periodic wave solutions. What's more, we present their exact expressions and reveal their inside relations as well as their relations with solitary wave solutions.

Опыт использования методов неконвенциональной медицины в медицинском центре г. Якутска (кейс-стади)

В статье рассматривается опыт использования традиционных медицинских систем (тибетской и китайской медицины) российскими и иностранными специалистами в Якутии на примере одного из специализированных центров в г. Якутске — Центра комплементарной медицины и спа «Канти». Сделан сопоставительный анализ особенностей функционирования неконвенциональной медицины в Якутии и Туве. Материалы статьи подаются в виде ситуации (определенного кейса), которую автор проанализирует с разных точек зрения. Источниковая база: полевые материалы автора, собранные в 2017 г. в г. Якутске. Респондентами выступили руководитель центра и один из его врачей. Привлекаются материалы СМИ, анализируется нормативно-правовая база.Сегодня в Якутске работает 25 частных медицинских клиник и центров, большинство из которых многопрофильные. В центре «Канти» работают 20 штатных сотрудников и 8 совместителей, в том числе 9 врачей и 7 специалистов со средним медицинским образованием. Центр имеет лицензии по 10 видам профессиональной деятельности. Внедряются элементы комплементарной медицины: китайская, тибетская медицина, аюрведа и др., которые пользуются спросом у населения Якутии. Приведены биографии практикующих врачей, описаны методы работы. Популярность интегративных клиник в г. Якутске автор связывает с малой доступностью качественной бесплатной медицинской помощи, рекламой в СМИ, доверием к практике восточной медицины и наличием ее в местных центрах.Предлагаемые услуги неконвенциональной медицины в Якутии ориентированы исключительно на федеральную правовую базу, в отличие от Республики Тыва. В Туве в настоящее время учтены потребности местного населения в использовании традиционной и народной медицины, духовного целительства — введен дополнительный подзаконный акт о применении «народной медицины» (согласно статье 50 Закона об охране здоровья граждан РФ). Такие законодательные уточнения рассматриваются как важные элементы конструирования системы здравоохранения в различных регионах РФ.

Technological innovation as a factor of sustainable economic development of the region

The article explains the necessity and important role of innovation in industry and shows their impact on economy. There are indicators characterizing the position of Russian highly technological products on global market. Causes of low competitiveness of Russian producers were revealed. The article demonstrates the importance of new technologies for attaining sustainable development of industrial enterprises and analyzes indicators of innovation activity, which discloses the uneven development of the innovation system in different regions of the country. The authors ground the necessity of Russian industry passing over to a new level of development and identify the key lines in shaping the innovative infrastructure of regions. They underline specific features of pursuing innovation policy in Russia, highlight principle problems hindering the development of innovation processes and propose ways of their overcoming. A set of measures was designed aimed at smoothing out the lag of private sector development from the state one and at stimulating research and developments in the private sector. Research findings can be used to correct regional strategies of innovation development.

GPS and GSM Based Tracking System for Objects Moving over Wide Geographical Areas

Tracking systems of moving objects provide a useful means to better control, manage and secure them. Tracking systems are used in different scales of applications such as indoors, outdoors and even used to track vehicles, ships and air planes moving over the globe. This paper presents the design and implementation of a system for tracking objects moving over a wide geographical area. The system depends on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies without requiring the Internet service. The implemented system uses the freely available GPS service to determine the position of the moving objects. The tests of the implemented system in different regions and conditions show that the maximum uncertainty in the obtained positions is a circle with radius of about 16 m, which is an acceptable result for tracking the movement of objects in wide and open environments.

Dynamical behaviors of traveling wave solutions to a Fujimoto–Watanabe equation**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11701191) and Subsidized Project for Cultivating Postgraduates’ Innovative Ability in Scientific Research of Huaqiao University, China.

We study dynamical behaviors of traveling wave solutions to a Fujimoto–Watanabe equation using the method of dynamical systems. We obtain all possible bifurcations of phase portraits of the system in different regions of the three-dimensional parameter space. Then we show the required conditions to guarantee the existence of traveling wave solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, kink-like (antikink-like) wave solutions, and compactons. Moreover, we present exact expressions and simulations of these traveling wave solutions. The dynamical behaviors of these new traveling wave solutions will greatly enrich the previews results and further help us understand the physical structures and analyze the propagation of nonlinear waves.

Results of the survey of the physicians opinion on medical rehabilitation organization of children in Russian federation regions

The purpose of the study: the study of expert opinions of specialists from different regions of the Russian Federation on the organization of rehabilitation of children with diseases of the central and/or peripheral nervous system, including pediatric patients after the neuroinfections. Materials and methods: The scientific method of expert evaluation of the state and prospects of the development of children’s rehabilitation in the regions of the Russian Federation: the North-Western, Southern and Central Federal Districts was used. Results: physicians in different regions of the Russian Federation as a whole have professional work experience related to issues of providing rehabilitation assistance to children. However, only a little more than a third of medical workers working in the field of rehabilitation care for children received special training in the medical rehabilitation of children with diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. Existing system of organizing children’s rehabilitation in the North-West Federal District turned out to be more effective. Nevertheless, the problem of high technology development and the difficult situation with trained medical personnel in the rehabilitation system turned out to be relevant for the latter region. Among the proposals to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation of children with diseases of the central and / or peripheral nervous system, specialists noted the need to introduce new (for certain institution) types and methods of rehabilitation, increase funding and logistics for medical organizations, resolve the issue with the training of rehabilitation specialists for work with this contingent of sick children, expand the network of medical rehabilitation centers and improve the accessibility of sanatoriums and resorts where treatment is performed on a budgetary basis. Conclusion : the study revealed the presence of organizational problems in providing rehabilitation care for children with diseases of the central and / or peripheral nervous system in different regions of Russia.

Identification of Biological Hazards in Produce Consumed in Industrialized Countries: A Review

Microbial contamination of fresh produce (fresh fruits and vegetables) poses serious public health concerns worldwide. This study was conducted as a comprehensive analysis of biological hazards in the global fresh produce chain. Data about produce-related outbreaks and illness were collected from the annual reports and databases of foodborne outbreak surveillance systems in different regions and countries from 2010 to 2015. The global patterns of and regional differences in documented outbreaks and cases were analyzed, and produce commodities and pathogens of greatest concern were identified. Data on sporadic illnesses were also collected through a comprehensive literature review of case-control studies. We found 988 produce-related outbreaks (with known agents) and 45,723 cases in all regions and countries. The numbers of produce-related outbreaks per million person-years were approximately 0.76, 0.26, 0.25, 0.13, 0.12, and 0.05 in New Zealand, Australia, the United States, the European Union, Canada, and Japan, respectively. The top three food categories and pathogens contributing to produce-related outbreaks were vegetables and nonfruits (i.e., food other than fruits; 27.0%), unspecified vegetables (12.2%), and vegetable row crops (11.7%) and norovirus (42.4%), Salmonella enterica (19.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7.9%), respectively. Produce consumption was identified as a protective factor, a risk factor, and either a protective or risk factor for sporadic illnesses in 11, 5, and 5 studies, respectively, among 21 case-control studies. Risks associated with produce consumption in the United States and the European Union have been linked to various factors such as irrigation water, cross-contamination, storage time and temperature abuse, infected food handlers, and unprocessed contaminated ingredients. The results of the current study indicate the complexity of produce products consumed across the globe and the difficulty in tracing illnesses back to specific food ingredients.

Bifurcations and Dynamics of Traveling Wave Solutions to a Fujimoto-Watanabe Equation**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11701191 and Subsidized Project for Cultivating Postgraduates’ Innovative Ability in Scientific Research of Huaqiao University

In this paper, we study the bifurcations and dynamics of traveling wave solutions to a Fujimoto-Watanabe equation by using the method of dynamical systems. We obtain all possible bifurcations of phase portraits of the system in different regions of the parametric space. Then we show the sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of traveling wave solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, compactions and kink-like and antikink-like wave solutions. Moreover, the expressions of solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions are implicitly given, while the expressions of kink-like and antikink-like wave solutions are explicitly shown. The dynamics of these new traveling wave solutions will greatly enrich the previews results and further help us understand the physical structures and analyze the propagation of the nonlinear wave.