Changes In System Research Articles

Adaptation strategies of paddy farmers to build resilience to climate change in kahama district, Tanzania

The study investigates the adaptation strategies used by the paddy farmers in Kahama District to increase their adaptability to climate change. The study focuses on four main objectives, including changed farming practices, changes in cropping practices, strategies used to adapt to climate change, and desired interventions to improve agricultural production and resilience to climate change. A mixed-methods strategy is used in the study to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. According to the data, paddy farmers in Kahama District have used a number of climate change adaptation strategies. These adaptations include modifications to irrigation techniques, timing adjustments for planting, seed variety changes, and fertilizer treatment adjustments. The study also reveals a change in crop systems, with farmers choosing drought-tolerant cultivars, intercropping, and crop diversification; increased water management practices, increased soil conservation practices, and informed decision-making through the use of climate information services are some of the strategies used by paddy farmers to adapt to climate change. The study also identifies the interventions that farmers want to see implemented, such as enhanced irrigation systems, workshops on climate-resilient farming techniques, access to resilient seed varieties, and dependable weather forecasting and climate information services. These findings show the paddy farmers in the Kahama District's proactive response to the problems posed by climate change and help to better understand the adaptation measures they have used. The study highlights the importance of assisting farmers in advancing their current strategies and knowledge while also attending to their unique requirements. Implementing desired actions, such as expanding climate information services, supplying training and access to robust seed varieties, and enhancing irrigation infrastructure, can significantly increase agricultural productivity and the region's resistance to climate change. For politicians, extension services, and development organizations looking to promote climate change adaptation and sustainable agriculture, these research findings have real-world applications. Paddy farmers' ability to adapt, agricultural output, and livelihood security in the face of climate change problems can all be improved by matching interventions and policies with their recognized needs and goals. Such activities can support attempts to achieve food security and sustainable development in the Kahama District and other areas, as well as the agricultural sector's overall resilience.

Promoting health and educational equity: Cross-disciplinary strategies for enhancing public health and educational outcomes

Promoting health and educational equity is a multifaceted challenge that requires cross-disciplinary strategies and collaborative efforts. This review explores various approaches aimed at enhancing public health and educational outcomes through integration and synergy between health and education disciplines. Addressing health and educational disparities is crucial for ensuring equitable opportunities and outcomes for all individuals. This review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between health and education sectors in tackling complex issues such as socio-economic inequality, access to quality healthcare, and educational attainment. Key strategies include early childhood interventions that focus on nutrition, healthcare access, and early learning programs to support cognitive and physical development. Additionally, school-based health initiatives, including comprehensive wellness programs and mental health services, play a vital role in promoting student well-being and academic success. Furthermore, community engagement and partnerships between schools, healthcare providers, and local organizations are essential for creating supportive environments that foster health and educational equity. By working together, stakeholders can address the underlying social determinants of health and educational disparities, including poverty, discrimination, and inadequate resources. This review underscores the importance of evidence-based practices, data-driven decision-making, and policy advocacy to drive systemic change and improve health and educational outcomes for underserved populations. By adopting cross-disciplinary strategies and leveraging collective expertise, we can create healthier, more equitable communities where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

Aging related changes in cardiovascular system in healthy female population: photoplethysmography method and DFA analysis

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Science Technological Development and Innovation Background The cardiovascular system undergoes dynamic changes during the biological aging in humans, leading to chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Purpose Developing the novel method for non-invasive monitoring of age induced changes in arterial vessels. Methodology The pilot study was performed on 58 women, in good health, non-smokers, between the ages of 20 and 70, divided into three age groups. All subjects underwent arterial blood pressure measurement using a photoplethysmography sensor. Recordings were performed in left carotid artery and the left index finger area. Arterial blood flow waveform was then analyzed using DFA analysis, calculating the values of the scalar coefficients α1 and α2. Based on the waveform time interval shift between the standing and supine positions, the pulse wave velocity (PWV) ratio was determined. Results Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure showed a slight linear increase with the age, but without significant difference between the three age categories (p > 0.5). Also, the PWV ratio between the supine and standing positions did not show a statistically significant increase between the age groups. Only scalar coefficients ratio α1/α2 demonstrated a significant difference in value between all age categories. Conclusion In subjects included in this pilot study, only the scalar coefficients ratio varied significantly with the age, indicating the occurrence of structural changes in the cardiovascular system caused by biological aging.

Turkey’s response to the war in Ukraine in the context of systemic changes and regional dynamics

Turkey’s response to the war in Ukraine in the context of systemic changes and regional dynamics

From a concept to a theory: The six eras of quality of life research and application

This article describes the evolution of the quality of life concept through the lens of six distinct eras. Each era reflects a shared process in which multiple stakeholders, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities and researchers, have played a significant role. Across these six eras, research on quality of life has evolved from operationalizing a concept to developing a theory. As described in the article, the first three eras resulted in formulating conceptualization, measurement, and application principles; developing quality of life conceptual and operational models; and constructing reliable and valid instruments to assess quality of life domains or domain-referenced indicators. The application era has focused on applying the concept of quality of life and its measurement, supports provision, conceptualization and theory, and systemic change. The final two eras have involved theory development and theory confirmation.

Проблемы современной сферы образования и ее влияние на экономику страны

The field of education is undergoing significant transformations in response to the evolving needs of society and the economy. In the face of rapid technological advancements and changes in the socio-economic environment, there is a need for updating the content of education to provide the younger generation with the opportunity to successfully adapt and compete in the labor market. The flexibility and responsiveness of the educational system to the changing demands of the modern world are crucial aspects of successfully addressing issues related to the field of education. It is important to create a flexible system capable of tracking current market requirements and offering new knowledge and skills for the future. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the individual characteristics of each learner to create comfortable conditions for their development. This article conducts an analysis of the aforementioned topic, examines changes in the modern educational system, and proposes solutions to the problematic issues in the field of education. In conclusion, the challenges facing modern education are multifaceted and require a comprehensive approach to address. By fostering flexibility, responsiveness, and inclusivity within the education system, countries can better prepare their citizens for the demands of the 21st-century economy. Strategic investments in education, coupled with ongoing research and innovation, are essential for ensuring the continued prosperity and competitiveness of nations in the global marketplace.

Comparative Effects of Site-specific and Blanket Fertilizer Application on Soil Physicochemical properties and Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield at Mikalango in Chikwawa District, Southern Malawi

Malawi's economy predominantly relies on agriculture. However, continuous soil degradation threatens crop production, food security, and nutrition. The use of fertilizers in soil fertility amendment has not been as effective due to blanket application, which does not adequately address Malawi's diverse soil nutrient deficiencies. This can also lead to over-fertilization, which can generate greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. The experiment, set up in a randomized complete block design, compared site-specific and blanket fertilizer applications having 5 treatments and 5 replications, where a single maize seed variety was planted uniformly. Data was collected from the site's soil physicochemical properties, maize growth, and yield components and analyzed using JMP SAS software version 14.0.0. Results indicated that site-specific fertilizer application significantly differed from blanket fertilizer application at a 5% level of significance. Phosphorus (0.31 ppm), Sulphur (24.2 ppm), and Zinc (1.92 ppm) were significantly higher due to site-specific fertilizer application. Similarly, plant biomass (3.41 t/ha) and grain yield (7.03 t/ha) were also significantly higher due to site-specific fertilizer application. Hence, the study concluded that site-specific soil fertility management is ideal for efficient nutrient replenishment and attaining optimum yields while mitigating climate change in maize farming systems

Designing development programmes for climate change and uncertainty in Pacific Melanesia – the role for knowledge brokers

ABSTRACT With rapid globalization and climate change, development programmes face increasingly complex problems. New approaches to programme design and delivery are required, and knowledge brokers can contribute to this reorientation. To understand how community development initiatives in Melanesia address complexity, and their needs for knowledge brokering, we surveyed designers, managers and implementers in eight programmes from Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Applying the ‘Cynefin’ framework to describe complexity, we mapped programmes’ problem identification and solution design to elucidate their framing of problems. Whilst respondents identified uncertainties and complexities related to climate change, natural disasters and socio-economic conditions, programmes were designed with minimal consideration of these risks. Respondents attributed this to limited capacity and support networks to access and understand future risk information; poor information-sharing due to a lack of trust between partners; and minimal engagement between communities and the government. We highlight competencies that brokers need to enable more effective responses to rapid systems change, including fostering collaborations among partners, generating knowledge co-production, systems thinking, understanding complexity and uncertainty, and the promotion of learning and reflection. By incorporating brokering capacity, programmes in Melanesia could be better designed to account for future uncertainty, and tackle increasingly complex development challenges more effectively.

Estimating the Carbon Footprint of Healthcare in the Canton of Geneva and Reduction Scenarios for 2030 and 2040.

Switzerland, a wealthy country, has a cutting-edge healthcare system, yet per capita, it emits over one ton of CO2, ranking among the world's most polluting healthcare systems. To estimate the carbon footprint of the healthcare system of Geneva's canton, we collected raw data on the activities of its stakeholders. Our analysis shows that when excluding medicines and medical devices, hospitals are the main greenhouse gas emitter by far, accounting for 48% of the healthcare system's emission, followed by nursing homes (20%), private practice (18%), medical analysis laboratories (7%), dispensing pharmacies (4%), the homecare institution (3%), and the ambulance services (<1%). The most prominent emission items globally are medicines and medical devices by far, accounting for 59%, followed by building operation (19%), transport (11%), and catering (4%), among others. To actively reduce Geneva's healthcare carbon emissions, we propose direct and indirect measures, either with an immediate impact or implementing systemic changes concerning medicine prescription, building heating and cooling, low-carbon means of transport, less meaty diets, and health prevention. This study, the first of its kind in Switzerland, deciphers where most of the greenhouse gas emissions arise and proposes action levers to pave the way for ambitious emission reduction policies. We also invite health authorities to engage pharmaceutical and medical suppliers in addressing their own responsibilities, notably through the adaptation of procurement processes and requirements.

High sugar diet alters immune function and the gut microbiome in juvenile green iguanas (Iguana iguana).

The present work aimed to study whether a high sugar diet can alter immune responses and the gut microbiome in green iguanas. Thirty-six iguanas were split into four treatment groups using a 2x2 design. Iguanas either received a sugar supplemented diet or a control diet, and either received a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection or a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) injection. Iguanas were given their respective diet treatment through the entire study (∼3 months) and received a primary immune challenge one month and two months into the experiment. Blood samples and cloacal swabs were taken at various points in the experiment and used to measure changes in the immune system (bacterial killing ability, lysis and agglutination scores, LPS specific IgY concentrations), and alterations in the gut microbiome. We found that sugar diet reduces bacterial killing ability following an LPS challenge, and sugar and the immune challenge temporarily alters gut microbiome composition while reducing alpha diversity. While sugar did not directly reduce lysis and agglutination following the immune challenge, the change in these scores over a 24-hour period following an immune challenge was more drastic (it decreased) relative to the control diet group. Moreover, sugar increased constitutive agglutination outside of the immune challenges (i.e., pre-challenge levels). In this study, we provide evidence that a high sugar diet affects the immune system of green iguanas (in a disruptive manner) and alters the gut microbiome.

Democratizing the monetary provisioning system to enable social-ecological transformation

Any society must undertake economic activities, which are embedded within social systems, to generate the flow of goods and services to provide for the material means of life, including the provisioning of money. The economic ideology of money as a “neutral” medium of exchange obfuscates the sociopolitical nature of the monetary provisioning system. In contrast, we ground our analysis in the understanding of money as a social relation, and we apply the lens of social provisioning to the monetary system. This view makes clear that the monetary system is embedded within, and reinforces, existing hierarchies and power structures and evolves through processes of political contestation. First, our analysis traces how changes in the monetary system have shaped the institutional structures of early capitalism such that the monetary system was seemingly depoliticized. Second, we apply this historical analysis to generate a deeper understanding of current monetary contestations. We apply a discourse analysis of the European Union’s fiscal rules to reflect these debates. The monetary system as it has taken shape through the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the political nature of money back into the public imaginary. Accordingly, we highlight the role and power of the state as guarantor of the functioning of the monetary system. A full acknowledgement of this governmental capacity could create renewed space for monetary contestations and democratization. Our analysis reveals that these are both necessary elements to ensure the financing and macroeconomic stability of a social-ecological transformation.

Elevational control of isotopic composition and application in understanding hydrologic processes in the mid Merced River catchment, Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Abstract. Mountain snowpack has been declining and more precipitation has fallen as rainfall than snowfall, particularly in the western US. Isotopic composition in stream water, springs, groundwater, and precipitation was examined to understand the impact of declining snowpack on hydrologic processes in the mid Merced River catchment (1873 km2), Sierra Nevada, California. Mean isotopic values in small tributaries (catchment area &lt; 122 km2), rock glacier outflows, and groundwater from 2005 to 2008 were strongly correlated with mean catchment elevation (R2= 0.96 for δ2H, n= 16, p &lt; 0.001), with an average isotopic lapse rate of −1.9 ‰ per 100 m for δ2H and −0.22 ‰ per 100 m for δ18O in meteoric water. The lapse rate did not change much over the seasons and was not strongly affected by isotopic fractionation. A catchment-characteristic isotopic value, representing the catchment arithmetic mean isotopic signature in meteoric water, was thus established for each sub-catchment based on the lapse rate to elucidate hydrometeorologic and hydrologic processes such as the duration and the magnitude of snowmelt events and elevational water sources of streamflow and groundwater for ungauged catchments. Compared to Tenaya Creek without water falls, the flow and flow duration of Yosemite Creek appear to be much more sensitive to seasonal temperature increases during the baseflow period due to a strong evaporation effect caused by waterfalls, suggesting a possible prolonged dry-up period of Yosemite Falls in the future. Groundwater in Yosemite Valley (∼ 900–1200 m) was recharged primarily from the upper snow–rain transition zone (2000–2500 m), suggesting its strong vulnerability to shifts in the snow–rain ratio. The information gained from this study helps advance our understanding of hydrologic responses to climate change in snowmelt-fed river systems.

Dynamical complexity in microscale disk-wind systems

Context. Powerful winds at accretion-disk scales have been observed in the past 20 years in many active galactic nuclei (AGN). These are the so-called ultrafast outflows (UFOs). Outflows are intimately related to mass accretion through the conservation of angular momentum, and they are therefore a key ingredient of most accretion disk models around black holes (BHs). At the same time, nuclear winds and outflows can provide the feedback that regulates the joint BH and galaxy growth. Aims. We reconsidered UFO observations in the framework of disk-wind scenarios, both magnetohydrodynamic disk winds and radiatively driven winds. Methods. We studied the statistical properties of observed UFOs from the literature and derived the distribution functions of the ratio ω̄ of the mass-outflow and -inflow rates and the ratio λw of the mass-outflow and the Eddington accretion rates. We studied the links between ω̄ and λw and the Eddington ratio λ = Lbol/LEdd. We derived the typical wind-activity history in our sources by assuming that it can be statistically described by population functions. Results. We find that the distribution functions of ω̄ and λw can be described as power laws above some thresholds, suggesting that there may be many wind subevents for each major wind event in each AGN activity cycle, which is a fractal behavior. We then introduced a simple cellular automaton to investigate how the dynamical properties of an idealized disk-wind system change following the introduction of simple feedback rules. We find that without feedback, the system is overcritical. Conversely, when feedback is present, regardless of whether it is magnetic or radiation driven, the system can be driven toward a self-organized critical state. Conclusions. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that AGN feedback is a necessary key ingredient in disk-wind systems, and following this, in shaping the coevolution of galaxies and supermassive BHs.

Enhancing the delivery of comprehensive care for people living with HIV in Canada: insights from citizen panels and a national stakeholder dialogue.

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer with health-related disability associated with ageing, including complex conditions. However, health systems in Canada have not adapted to meet these comprehensive care needs. We convened three citizen panels and a national stakeholder dialogue. The panels were informed by a plain-language citizen brief that outlined data and evidence about the challenge/problem, elements of an approach for addressing it and implementation considerations. The national dialogue was informed by a more detailed version of the same brief that included a thematic analysis of the findings from the panels. The 31 citizen panel participants emphasized the need for more prevention, testing and social supports, increased public education to address stigma and access to more timely data to inform system changes. The 21 system leaders emphasized the need to enhance person-centred care and for implementing learning and improvement across provinces, territories and Indigenous communities. Citizens and system leaders highlighted that policy actions need to acknowledge that HIV remains unique among conditions faced by Canadians. Action will require a national learning collaborative to support spread and scale of successful prevention, care and support initiatives. Such a collaborative should be grounded in a rapid-learning and improvement approach that is anchored on the needs, perspectives and aspirations of people living with HIV; driven by timely data and evidence; supported by appropriate decision supports and aligned governance, financial and delivery arrangements; and enabled with a culture of and competencies for rapid learning and improvement.

Loss of temporal coherence in the circadian metabolome across multiple tissues during ageing in mice.

Circadian clock function declines with ageing, which can aggravate ageing-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian system at a systemic level can contribute to the development of strategies to promote healthy ageing. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of ageing on 24-h rhythms in amine metabolites across four tissues in young (2months of age) and old (22-25 months of age) mice using a targeted metabolomics approach. Liver, plasma, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; the location of the central circadian clock in the hypothalamus) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN; a downstream target of the SCN) were collected from young and old mice every 4h during a 24-h period (n= 6-7 mice per group). Differential rhythmicity analysis revealed that ageing impacts 24-h rhythms in the amine metabolome in a tissue-specific manner. Most profound changes were observed in the liver, in which rhythmicity was lost in 60% of the metabolites in aged mice. Furthermore, we found strong correlations in metabolite levels between the liver and plasma and between the SCN and the PVN in young mice. These correlations were almost completely abolished in old mice. These results indicate that ageing is accompanied by a severe loss of the circadian coordination between tissues and by disturbed rhythmicity of metabolic processes. The tissue-specific impact of ageing may help to differentiate mechanisms of ageing-related disorders in the brain versus peripheral tissues and thereby contribute to the development of potential therapies for these disorders.

Signatures of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala in individuals with religious or spiritual problem

ABSTRACT The term Religious or Spiritual Problem (RSP), as defined in the revised 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR, 2022), refers to the questioning of faith, transcendent values, or changes in the religious belief system. This condition is often accompanied by marked depression and anxiety. However, it has not been explored whether RSP shares biological features with psychiatric disorders, including neuroinflammation in the amygdala and hippocampus. To elucidate this issue, we investigated 50 individuals with RSP and 50 matched control volunteers. Neuroinflammation was indexed by the diffusion-basis spectral imaging-based restricted fraction (DBSI-RF) measure in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 levels were also measured. The results revealed significantly elevated inflammatory measures in the amygdala and hippocampus and increased IL-6 concentrations in RSP. Depressive symptoms predicted the inflammatory measures. IL-6 partially mediated the relationship between depression and inflammation in the amygdala. However, the evidence for this mediation was weak, as revealed by Bayesian statistics. These results indicate that RSP is characterized by putative neuroinflammatory changes in brain structures implicated in emotion regulation, learning, and memory.

“What is Rape, Why Me, So What Now?” Out of the Shadows: Women’s Post-Rape Life Experiences in Turkey

Women who have experienced rape are at risk for short/long term physical and mental health problems, psycho-social and socio-economic challenges, they may have a variety of related social service needs. This study aims to explore the post-rape life experiences of women in Turkey, a country where male violence against women, particularly rape, remains prevalent. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 women, who are resident in Turkey and survivors of rape. The findings derived from thematic analysis illuminate the dual burden faced by the survivors: the trauma from rape itself, and the imposed submissiveness within a patriarchal society. These experiences contribute to the deepening of the emotional and psychological aftermath of the trauma, pushing the survivors into a vulnerable state. The results of this study underscore the urgent need for systemic and cultural changes in Turkey, as well as enhanced support mechanisms and social services for survivors of rape. There is a need for research to examine the needs that arise from the intersecting issues experienced by women who have been subjected to rape.

Study on the Solutions of Impulsive Integrodifferential Equations of Mixed Type Based on Infectious Disease Dynamical Systems

Since ancient times, infectious diseases have been a major source of harm to human health. Therefore, scientists have established many mathematical models in the history of fighting infectious diseases to study the law of infection and then analyzed the practicability and effectiveness of various prevention and control measures, providing a scientific basis for human prevention and research of infectious diseases. However, due to the great differences in the transmission mechanisms and modes of many diseases, there are many kinds of infectious disease dynamic models, which make the research more and more difficult. With the continuous progress of infectious disease research technology, people have adopted more ways to prevent and interfere with the derivation and spread of infectious disease, which will make the state of infectious disease system change in an instant. The mutation of this state can be described more scientifically and reasonably by the mathematical impulse dynamic system, which makes the research more practical. Based on this, a time-delay differential system model of infectious disease under impulse effect was established by means of impulse differential equation theory. A class of periodic boundary value problems for impulsive integrodifferential equations of mixed type with integral boundary conditions was studied. The existence of periodic solutions of these equations was obtained by using the comparison theorem, upper and lower solution methods, and the monotone iteration technique. Finally, combined with the practical application, the established time-delay differential system model was applied to the prediction of the stability and persistence of the infectious disease dynamic system, and the correctness of the conclusion was further verified. This study provides some reference for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

ИНСТИТУТ ГОРОДСКИХ ВЫБОРОВ В СИБИРИ НА РУБЕЖЕ XIX–XX вв. (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕЧАТИ)

The paper, for the first time, uses materials from the private periodical press of Siberia to examine the public perception of urban election campaigns in Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Siberian periodicals are used as sources of the database: “Eastern Review”, “Yenisei”, “Siberian Bulletin of Politics, Literature and Public Life”, “Sibirsky Leaflet”. The characteristics given by Siberian periodicals of changes in the city electoral system according to the City Regulations of 1892 are highlighted, which mainly include: criticism of the class nature of the composition of voters; elimination of differentiated property qualifications; approval of the provision of voting opportunities by precinct; approval of restrictions from among the voters of small traders and other categories of citizens. The features of the electoral process are shown, including electoral technologies and violations during elections (mainly fraud with election balls during voting, the use of symbols during voting, voting by absent persons). The characteristics of voters' attitude to the exercise of their voting rights are given and the problem of absenteeism is revealed. It is noted that typical instruments for refusing to exercise the right to vote were refusal to pay arrears, as well as a deliberate understatement of the value of owned real estate. Data on the coverage of city heads elections in Siberian periodicals are presented. The content of the positions of the leading newspapers of Siberia in relation to the composition of city dumas according to the class affiliation of their members and possible reforms in the field of city electoral law (primarily, expanding the number of voters by granting rights to tenants) is characterized.

Current analytical methods and applications used in the insight of serum proteins interactions with various food additives, pesticides, and contaminants

In recent years, many societies have expressed increasing apprehension regarding the potential negative impacts of food additives, pesticides, and environmental contaminants on human health. Environmental or occupational exposure to these compounds can cause significant adverse effects on human health by causing temporary or permanent changes in the immune system. There is supporting evidence linking pesticides/food ingredients/contaminants-induced immune alterations to the prevalence of diseases associated with changes in immune responses. Hence, it is essential to comprehensively understand the key mechanisms contributing to immune dysregulation induced by these substances, including direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and antigenicity. The impact of pesticides/food ingredients and contaminants on the human body ranges from mild to severe, depending on their affinity for blood components. These compounds form complexes with blood serum proteins, influencing their metabolism, transport, absorption, and overall toxicity. Numerous studies in the literature have explored the interactions between serum proteins and various molecules, including pesticides, drugs, and food dyes. These investigations employed a range of techniques, including spectroscopy, electrochemical and chromatographic methods as well as molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations analyses. This recent review, spanning from 2020 to the present, has been employed to investigate the binding characteristics, mechanisms, and attributes of different food additives, pesticides, and contaminants with serum proteins by using various techniques such as steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism and ultra-violet spectroscopies, and computational docking methods. The review provides insights into these compounds’ positions and affinities to proteins and possible effects on human health through detailed research studies.