System Basedon Research Articles

A resonant force sensor based on ionic polymer metal composites

In this paper a novel force sensor, based on ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs), ispresented. The system has DC sensing capabilities and is able to work in the range of a fewmillinewtons. IPMCs are emerging materials used to realize motion actuators and sensors.An IPMC strip is activated in a beam fixed/simply-supported configuration. The beam istightened at the simply-supported end by a force. This influences the natural resonantfrequency of the beam; the value of the resonant frequency is used in the proposed systemto estimate the force applied in the axial direction. The performance of the system basedon the IPMC material has proved to be comparable with that of sensors based on othersensing mechanisms. This suggests the possibility of using this class of polymericdevices to realize PMEMS (plastic micro electrical mechanical systems) sensors.

Flexible Time-Triggered Sampling in Smart Sensor-Based Wireless Control Systems.

Wireless control systems (WCSs) often have to operate in dynamic environmentswhere the network traffic load may vary unpredictably over time. The sampling in sensors isconventionally time triggered with fixed periods. In this context, only worse-than-possiblequality of control (QoC) can be achieved when the network is underloaded, whileoverloaded conditions may significantly degrade the QoC, even causing system instability.This is particularly true when the bandwidth of the wireless network is limited and sharedby multiple control loops. To address these problems, a flexible time-triggered samplingscheme is presented in this work. Smart sensors are used to facilitate dynamic adjustment ofsampling periods, which enhances the flexibility and resource efficiency of the system basedon time-triggered sampling. Feedback control technology is exploited for adapting samplingperiods in a periodic manner. The deadline miss ratio in each control loop is maintainedat/around a desired level, regardless of workload variations. Simulation results show that theproposed sampling scheme is able to deal with dynamic and unpredictable variations innetwork traffic load. Compared to conventional time-triggered sampling, it leads to muchbetter QoC in WCSs operating in dynamic environments.

Computer-aided design integration of a reinforced vibration isolator for electronic equipment’s system basedon experimental investigation

Electronic equipment’s system is always manufactured as a superprecision system. However, it will be used in harsh environment. For example, the computer in moving vehicles will be acted by vibrations. The objective of this paper is to provide a systematic investigation to test and computer-aided design of the vibration isolator for protection of electronic equipment’s system in harsh vibration environment. A micro-oil damping vibration isolator is designed and manufactured through coupling the oil and spring by ingenious tactics. The structure of the oil damping vibration isolator can achieve circulating oil damping function with an inner tube and an outer tube (some orifices are manufactured on upside and underside of the inner tube). The dynamics of the key model machine is systematically investigated. Based on the test, a nonlinear dynamic model for the vibration isolator is presented by analyzing the internal fluid dynamic phenomenon with respect to the vibration isolator. The model considers all the physical parameters of the structure. Comparisons with experimental data confirm the validity of the model. In the other, the model is integrated by introducing normalization measure. The normalization model shows the actual physical characteristics of the oil damping vibration isolator by considering quadratic damping, viscous damping, Coulomb damping, and nonlinear spring forces. An approximate solution is deduced by introducing harmonic transform method and Fourier transform method. Therefore, a parameter-matching optimal model for computer-aided design of the vibration isolator is build based on approximate solution. An example confirms the validity of the computer-aided design integration.

Size Effect on Tensile Strength of Surface-Micromachined Al-3%Ti Thin Films

A new tensile tester using an electromagnetic-force actuator (voice coil) was developed to measure the mechanical characteristics of surface-micromachined thin film materials. The tester has a load cell with maximum capacity of 0.5N and a non-contact position measuring system based on the principle of capacitance micrometry with 0.1nm resolution for displacement measurement. The tester was applied for tensile testing of Al-3%Ti thin films with dimensions of 1000μm long, 50-480μm wide and 1.0 and 1.1 μm thick. The Al-3%Ti is commonly used in RF(radio frequency) microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) switch. The specimen with holes and bridges was designed for easy tensile test. The holes at center of grip end are able to make alignment and gripping easy. The bridges are to remove the side supports easily and extract specimen from wafer without sawing. It was found that the mean tensile strengths of Al-3%Ti are 140-380MPa, depending on the width of specimens and converging to a certain tensile strength as the width decreases.

USING FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM IN SHIP PROTECTION PROCESS

The process of security improvement is a huge problem especiallyin large ships. Terrorist attacks and everyday threatsagainst life and property destroy transport and tourist companies,especially large tourist ships. Every person on a ship can berecognized and identified using something that the personknows or by means of something the person possesses. The bestresults will be obtained by using a combination of the person'sknowledge with one biometric characteristic. Analyzing theproblem of biometrics in ITS security we can conclude that facerecognition process supported by one or two traditional biometriccharacteristics can give very good results regarding ship security.In this paper we will describe a biometric system basedon face recognition. Special focus will be given to crew member'sbiometric security in crisis situation like kidnapping, robbelyor illness.

Improved Computational Tools for Concept Development Based on Sketches and Advanced CAD Technologies

Sketching continues to be a vital part of methods and technologies related to Concept Development, including those analyzed in this paper: concept design with constraints, solid from sketch, on a point cloud and modeling of design constraints. Existing methods are analyzed and critical subproblems are identified. New solution methods are proposed for the subjects solid from and on a point cloud. Sketching continues to be one of the most important modeling activities in Concept Design & New Product Development, since it is a powerful tool for these early stages of the Product Life-Cycle. Indeed, recent research establishes that a sketch is much more than a vague description of 2D geometry. A sketch often includes information beyond the geometric description of the product, like a functional decomposition of the product, diagrammatic analyses of nongeometric concepts, and elements related to the designer's work method. A sketch is not just an output device but also an input device for the designer's mental processes. This paper examines four subjects, related to Concept Development, all of which involve sketching. More specifically, Section 2 presents a critical view on standard concept design with constraints and identifies shortcomings in this methodology. Section 3 focuses on the solid from problem and proposes a new method that is not using standard heuristics, which, according to recent research, are highly unreliable. Section 4 explores a new subject, sketching on a point cloud, in the context of point-based CAD & Concept Development. Finally, Section 5 deals with complex design-constraints and elaborates on a new solution methodology that combines Solid Modeling with Sketching and Geometric-Constraint Solving. 2. TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A METHODOLOGY AND CAD SYSTEM BASED ON SKETCHES AND CONSTRAINTS

스카라형 이중 아암 로봇의 실시간 퍼지제어기 실현

We present a new technique to the design and real-time implementation of fuzzy control system basedon digital signal processors in order to improve the precision and robustness for system of industrial robot in this paper. The need to meet demanding control requirement in increasingly complex dynamical control systems under significant uncertainties, leads toward design of intelligent manipulation robots. The TMS320C80 is used in implementing real time fuzzy control to provide an enhanced motion control for robot manipulators. In this paper, a Self-Organizing Fuzzy Controller for the industrial robot manipulator with a actuator located at the base is studied. A fuzzy logic composed of linguistic conditional statements is employed by defining the relations of input-output variables of the controller. In the synthesis of a Fuzzy Logic Controller, one of the most difficult problems is the determination of linguistic control rules from the human operators. To overcome this difficult Self-Organizing Fuzzy Controller is proposed for a hierarchical control structure consisting of basic and high levels that modify control rules. The proposed Self-Organizing Fuzzy Controller scheme is simple in structure, fast in computation, and suitable for implementation of real-time control. Performance of the SOFC is illustrated by simulation and experimental results for a Dual-Arm robot with eight joints.

Observation of macroscopic quantum tunnelling in a rf superconducting quantuminterference device system

We present the experimental observation of the effects of macroscopic quantum tunnellingin a SQUID device, consisting of a rf SQUID coupled to a readout system basedon a dc SQUID sensor. Data on the decay rate from the metastable flux statesof a rf SQUID are reported, both in the classical and quantum regimes. Thelow dissipation level and the good insulation of the probe from external noiseare encouraging in view of building a macroscopic quantum coherent system.

Guest editorial: Special issue on computer vision beyond the visible spectrum

It was three years ago that we had our first special issue inComputer Vision Beyond the Visibel Spectrum (CVBVS) inthe Machine Vision and Applications journal [1]. At thattime, we expected that computer vision research wouldgrow significantly in the nonvisible spectrum, particularly inthe biometrics area. This second special issue in the Imageand Vision Computing journal comes to verify ourexpectations. New CVBVS methods and systems in facedetection, tracking, and recognition enable identification ata distance under any lighting conditions. As a result, thisnew technology heralds the migration of human identifi-cation screening from access control to surveillanceapplications. These adavances promise to revolutionizethe security industry. Also, methods and systems for defenseapplications, which is the traditional CVBVS domain, grewmore sophisticated and effective. Target detection andrecognition in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery isat the very core of these advancements.Allthepapersincludedinthisspecialissuewerepresentedin preliminary form at the IEEE Workshop in ComputerVision Beyond the Visible Spectrum, held in Kauai, Hawaii,on December 14, 2001. The selected papers were a smallsubset of the total number of papers presented at theWorkshop and underwent two rounds of further rigorousreview and updates to ensure a high quality outcome.In the first paper Face Detection in the Near-IRSpectrum, J. Dowdall et al. introduce a new face detectionmethod based on the fusion of two near-infrared bands. Theresulting phenomenology is such that it allows reliable facedetection with simple algorithmic means like integralprojection. The authors realized a prototype system basedon their method and performed comparative experimentaltests with a state-of-the-art visible spectrum face detector.The near-infrared detector exhibited superior performanceat various ambient illumination conditions and in thepresence of extreme face rotation. This face detectionsystem in combination with a face recognizer is employedon a trial basis for gate control in a practical application.In the second paper Tracking Human Faces in InfraredVideo, C.K. Eveland et al. describe a novel face detectionand tracking system in thermal infrared. In contrast to thenear-infrared face detector proposed by J. Dowdall et al. inthe first paper, this system is totally passive. The underlyingmethod has two components: first, a face segmentationscheme that is based on a thermal emission model from thehuman skin; and second, a condensation algorithm that usesthe segmentation model for tracking the face over time. Themethod is characterized by mathematical elegance and issupported by promising experimental results.The third paper is on Statistical Hypothesis Pruning forRecognizing Faces from Infrared Images by A. Srivastava.This paper complements the face detection and trackingmethods presented in the first two papers. Recognition isaccomplished by hypothesis pruning using spectraldecomposition of the observed images and their lower-order statistics. This is another elegant method that issupported by comparative experimental results. The authorsused the data sets released by the first two papers, whichreinforces the complimentary nature of the approachestowards an infrared identification system.The fourth paper Genetic Algorithm Based FeatureSelection for Target Detection in SAR Images, by B. Bhanuand Y. Lin introduces a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approachfor target feature selection in SAR imagery. The GAalgorithm is driven by a new fitness function based on

SECONDARY REGULATION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASED ON FIXED FLOW-RATE NET

SECONDARY REGULATION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BASED ON FIXED FLOW-RATE NET

Molecular study of H. pylori-epithelial cell interaction: A novel in vitro system basedon differential culture conditions and cell polarity

Molecular study of H. pylori-epithelial cell interaction: A novel in vitro system basedon differential culture conditions and cell polarity

ROAD BRIDGE PLANNING AND DESIGN SYSTEM BASED ON THE OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH

ROAD BRIDGE PLANNING AND DESIGN SYSTEM BASED ON THE OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH

BOOK REVIEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Islam and Ecology

Islam and Ecology illuminates the issues of environmental change andhuman survival. The authors present the Islamic view of ecology basedon the Qur'an and the hadith. Each essay contains Qur'anic passages thatsupport the view that natural phenomena are important to humanity, forthey have been created by God. The book is valuable because it is basedon scientific knowledge and Islamic principles. While the book contributesmuch to understanding Islamic teachings on the environment, it doesnot contribute much to our understanding of ecological problems.The book is flexible, and the concepts with which it deals are presentedin a manner designed for quick comprehension. Each essay makesthe reader feel ethically obliged to follow these concepts, as it is madeclear that most of our actions are based on our understanding of the willof God, how we think the world works, and what we believe our role inthe world should be. The book's purpose is not to drown the reader withfacts, but to present and explore a small number of basic and useful concepts.Another aim is to illustrate how one can constantly strive to improveone's life in the light of the Sunnah, how God's dictates can illuminateideas, and how one can organize one's life in a meaningful way.Chapter one deals with Islam and ecology, the planet Earth, air andwater pollution, deforestation, and the relationship between humanity andanimals. It is stated that Islam teaches humanity to use what is needed accordingto the moral and ethical discipline laid down by the Creator.However, after a brief initial engagement, the author does not deal withthe facts of ecology and the merits of Islamic teaching in this area.254 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102Chapter two is analyzes Islamic ethics and the environment. Theauthor is shott on the environment, as he concentrates mainly on ethicsaccording to the Shari'ah and humanity's love for the components ofnatmc. He then discusses how people can perfect themselves if they followthe commands of God. The chapter is mtricted to ethical values anddeals only briefly with the envitonment. For some teason, the authordeemed it unnecessary to give historical incidents or quotations that showhow Muslims thinkers analyzed nature and how important it was to themto urge the proper use of environmental and natural mumes.The environmental crisis is an outward manifestation of a crisis ofmind and spirit. There could be no greater misconception than to believeit is Concerned only with endangered wildlife, man-made ugliness, andpollution. We recognize that the Earth's moumes and environmentalpmblems, as well as the possible solutions, ate interconnected in complexways that we ate only beginning to understand. With this recognition, andthe knowledge that we must seek God's guidance, it is hoped that peoplewill begin to understand and care a little more about natute.Chapter thtee is concerned with science within Islam. The author distinguishesbetween science within Islam and the scientific system basedon human thought and the belief that the physical universe is the onlyreality. He describes the methods and uses of science and claims that itis essential that science should ptaise the Creator-scientists must pmducea unity between religious practice and scientific education. The resultingprinciples will help humanity treat the environment with love, gratitude,and care, and will show it how to make the best use of the world'stesoutces. Based on this undemtandmg, it becomes an Islamic duty toconsetve and protect the world and its tesoutces. The author does not gointo the history of Muslim science in order to illuminate the methodsused in the natural sciences to interrelate nature and produce its meaning.However, some idea of the scope of the cutrent debate on environmentalproblems is given, which provides a new approach to the environment.Chapter four examines natural resources. Although the term "resource"is not defined, it documents the main Islamic principles and preceptsconcerning natural resources. The major focus is on land (dividedinto developed and undeveloped) and water, which fottn the necessaryelements for all human life and activity. Islamic land laws and the roleof animals and plants as natural nsowes are also mentioned. In myopinion, he should have explained that "mutces" does not refer to athing or a substance, but rather to a function that may be performed bya thing or a substance or to an operation in which it may take part to satisfya particular need . It in these areas that Islamic teachings ate morerelevant as a guide to achieving humanity's well-being. The contents ofthe chapter are useful and can be easily adapted to a community's needs ...

Interest Groups and Cultural Protectionism: Apartheid and Public Arts Policies

Apartheid is identified as the outcome of a form of (cultural) protectionism. Understanding the protectionist nature of apartheid in the context of the use of state intervention to protect or promote an interest group, allows one to establish criticisms of this system based on a set of principles. While this analysis provides the means for evaluation of consequences, criticisms based on these principles do not require an evaluation of either the intentions or the consequences of protectionist policies. Most forms of interventionist protection are vulnerable to the same objections which are correctly raised against apartheid. Thus, public choice analysis provides evidence and arguments which suggest that evaluation of interventionist policies should be subjected to stringent criteria.

Towards a taxonomy of personality descriptors in German: A psycho‐lexical study

We present two studies aimed at developing a comprehensive taxonomy of German personality‐descriptive terms. In the first study, all personality‐descriptive adjectives (e.g. cynical), type nouns (e.g. cynic), and attribute nouns (e.g. cynicism) were extracted from a German dictionary. We found that almost half of all German adjectives were potentially personality‐relevant, as contrasted with only 8% of the nouns. Moreover, there were more attribute nouns than type nouns, the latter appearing more slangy, metaphorical, concrete, and rich in imagery (e.g. Big‐mouth, Wooden‐head). In the second study, we discuss basic conceptual distinctions among units ofpersonality description, develop a category system basedon a prototype conception, and present a classification of 5092 adjectives into 13 categories. The classifications were generalizable across both judges and a two‐year time interval, and agreed with a priori expert classifications. An analysis of the prototypical category cores suggested that Evaluations, Temperament and character traits, and Experiential states were represented most extensively in German, whereas Social effects, Roles and relationships, and Appearance were rather infrequent. These findings, though generally similar, differ from Norman's (1967) American taxonomy in the number of Evaluative terms and of Activity descriptors. Our studies provide comprehensive and representative lists of German words for personality traits, moods and emotions, social roles, effects, evaluations, and physical appearance, and may serve as the basis for taxonomies, dimensional analyses, and assessment instruments. We emphasize the need to standardize procedures in taxonomic research and outline suggestions for future studies of other languages.

The stereochemistry of organometallic compounds. XXII. The stereochemistry of metal-catalysed hydrogen cyanide addition to olefins

Reactions of (E)-3,3-dimethyl(1,2-D2)but-1-ene with hydrogen cyanide and of (E)-3,3-dimethyl-(1-D)but-1-ene with deuterium cyanide have been shown to proceed in a completely stereospecific cis fashion when a catalyst system based on Pd(diop)2 was used. Reaction between 4-t-butylcyclo-hexene and deuterium cyanide with the catalyst system gave only the equatorial nitriles trans- 4-t-butylcyclohexane-1-carbonitrile and cis-3-t-butylcyclohexane-1-carbonitrile with cis incorporation of deuterium. Use of a catalyst system based on Ni[P(OPh)3]4 and zinc chloride led to significant amounts of isotopic exchange and rearrangement. These results are compared with those from hydroformylation of the olefins, and the mechanism of hydrocyanation is discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHROMISM OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. II. SPECTRAL‐ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF A A SYSTEM BASED ON METHYLVIOLOGEN AND 5,10‐DIHYDRO‐5,10‐DIMETHYLPHENAZINE

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 8, Issue 25 Article ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHROMISM OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. II. SPECTRAL-ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF A A SYSTEM BASED ON METHYLVIOLOGEN AND 5,10-DIHYDRO-5,10-DIMETHYLPHENAZINE I. V. SHELEPIN, I. V. SHELEPINSearch for more papers by this authorV. I. GAVRILOV, V. I. GAVRILOVSearch for more papers by this authorV. A. BARACHEVSKII, V. A. BARACHEVSKIISearch for more papers by this authorN. I. KARPOVA, N. I. KARPOVASearch for more papers by this author I. V. SHELEPIN, I. V. SHELEPINSearch for more papers by this authorV. I. GAVRILOV, V. I. GAVRILOVSearch for more papers by this authorV. A. BARACHEVSKII, V. A. BARACHEVSKIISearch for more papers by this authorN. I. KARPOVA, N. I. KARPOVASearch for more papers by this author First published: June 21, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197725105Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume8, Issue25June 21, 1977 RelatedInformation