System Acquisition Process Research Articles

Design and application of a novel cableless cone penetration system

Cone penetration test is a typical in-situ soil testing method, which is widely used for its advantages of fast operation and accurate data. Based on the traditional cone penetration system, this paper proposes a new type of cableless cone penetration system. Different from the traditional way of transmitting data with cables, the new system uses FLASH to store experimental data and sends them to the receiving device via Bluetooth. The Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) controls the whole system acquisition process, accomplishing cableless data acquisition, storage and transmission. When the improved cone penetration equipment is put into the field test and collects the data of the designated holes, it is easy and convenient to operate and it can reduce manpower and work procedures. The collected data are more accurate than those collected by the traditional equipment, and the soil stratification results correspond to the actual, with good practicality.

THE WALLED CITY OF VERONA. INTEGRATED SURVEY SYSTEMS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT AND PROMOTION OF VERONA'S CITY WALLS

Abstract. The present study concerns the digital documentation of the city wall of Verona. The "Verona Città Murata" project began in 2015 thanks to the research agreement between the Municipality of Verona (UNESCO office) and the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Pavia. The project stems from the request to develop tools to document the site's conservation to initiate timely restoration, management, and maintenance studies. Measures for protecting, conserving, and enhancing a comprehensive and impressive cultural and natural heritage, such as the Magistral Walls and the Veronese Park, are complex and multifaceted. The multi-disciplinary aspect and the use of flexible tools to manage the information and analyses obtained during the study phase are fundamental. The research aims to optimize the fortified system's acquisition process by validating integrated survey methods and assessing point cloud data's potential, limitations, and planimetric and elevation accuracy (TLS, MLS, UAVs). On the one hand, the research products are aimed to structure a methodology of valuable representation for the documentation and diagnostic and conservative analysis of the artifact; on the other hand, they will become a helpful tool for the narrative description of Verona's fortifications to disseminate and valorize the fabric of military technology.

Card Fraud Reduction Technology in Biometric Fingerprint Security Using Data Mining Algorithms

In the banking sector, biometric authentication is a new trend of technology for avoiding card fraud in the card payment system. A major part of the failure of the partial fingerprint happens to internet banking, mobile banking, e-commerce, Point of scale, and ATM. The partial fingerprint or incomplete fingerprint is a poor quality of ridges in minutiae, noise, and absence of minutiae features. To overcome this problem, many researchers are investigated and find the solution to partial fingerprint techniques like enrollment process, verification, identification and classification of existing algorithms. In the acquisition, process sensors capture the fingerprint image using an optical scanner. A fingerprint-based biometric system is largely a pattern popularity device that allows s someone through the authenticity of the fingerprint-based on biometric verification and identity system. The verification system Acquisition process of fingerprint image can be Compared to database image verify the person is authorized or not. The identification process recognizes the person by one-to-many verification. this paper detailed study of the partial fingerprint techniques time complexity of the Data Mining Algorithms.

Human Systems Integration Stakeholders: Successes, Challenges, and Lessons Learned Across Government and Industry

Human systems integration (HSI) ensures human strengths and limitations are taken into consideration throughout the system design, development, and acquisition process. Regardless of the organization in which HSI practitioners work, the nature of their work involves interfacing with various organizational, system, and user stakeholders. The cross-service DoD and industry panelists will briefly discuss their diverse experiences and perspectives regarding human systems integration, working with various HSI stakeholders, and personal lessons learned (i.e., successes and challenges). The sharing of cross-service and industry lessons learned aims to prepare other HSI practitioners to effectively work and interact with various stakeholders. This knowledge exchange also encourages continued collaboration between HSI practitioners and aims to expand HSI across contexts, environments, and system stakeholders.

Aplicação do AHP na Aquisição de um ERP de Gestão Hospitalar

The implementation of a hospital management system is a crucial project for an organization that aims to develop and integrate their business processes. This type of system is known as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The acquisition of an ERP is a complex decision due to the novelty of the type of decision, the impact on the modus operandi of the organization and the change project processes and adequacy of manpower. Each department may have different objectives and criteria to define what would be the best option. In such cases, the application of a method of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), could contribute to this choice. The objective of this article is to identify how the AHP method can help a hospital complex in decision-making process on the selection of a management system. It was the study of a single case, based on documents generated in the decision process and in-depth interviews. The analysis results showed that the using of AHP method could collaborate in the system acquisition process with the generation of criteria based on the needs of all areas, in obtaining team consensus in the process of acquisition decision, team commitment and engagement of stakeholders.

ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 기반 양산단계 무기체계 부품국산화 체계공학 개발관리 절차 적용 연구

Purpose In this study, we propose that how to approach a effective system engineering and optimize system engineering management process for the mass production weapon system parts localization development process and success in DTaQ. Methods To approach a effective system engineering for the mass production weapon system parts localization, we analyze a weapon system acquisition process and system engineering process of Republic of Korea and DTaQ parts localization business regulations in advance. after results of analysis of them, we implement a optimized parts localization development system engineering based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288. Results In order to apply International Standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 to the mass production weapon system parts localization development process, we compare the mass production weapon system parts localization acquisition environment with ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and analyze them. therefore, It is possible to implement a part of concept stage and development stage of ISO/IEC/IEEE total life cycle stage for the mass production weapon system parts localization development process. To achieve the technical review milestones of DTaQ parts localization business regulations in the selected stages of ISO/IEC/IEEE, the development and management agency perform 2 high rank process and 19 low rank process specified in ISO/IEC/IEEE. Conclusion When the development and management agency perform the mass production weapon system parts localization development using the proposed system engineering approach, they should easily meet milestone through the clarified requirement and simplified System Engineering output documents in limited development period. Key words: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, System Engineering, Life Cycle, Development Management Process, parts Localization, Mass Production Weapon System

Analysis of the global position system acquisition process in the presence of interference

The objective of the acquisition process is to provide a rough estimate of Doppler and code delay of the received signal. The correlation process with a local replica generated by the receiver may have a peak that may cross the acquisition threshold. One of the threats that could interrupt such procedure is the presence of interfering signals which may severely cause an incorrect or no correlation peak during the acquisition process. To this end, this study investigates the performance of the global position system (GPS) signal acquisition process in the presence of different types of interfering signals such as: continuous wave interference, narrowband interference, partial band interference, broadband interference, matched spectrum interference and pulse interference. A novel classification to the interfering signals is presented. This classification is divided into two categories based on the interference contribution to the acquisition's output mean or variance values. Novel expressions of both false alarm and detection probabilities in the presence of noise along with different types of interfering signals are mathematically formulated. The comparison among the interfering signals based on the receiver operation characteristic is also performed. The impact of both coherent integration time and the phase shift between the GPS and the interfering signals on the acquisition performance is analysed.

Air Force Human Systems Integration – Capabilities and Requirements Tool

Establishing human-centered requirements early in the system design, development and acquisition process is key to delivering effective and useable systems to the warfighter. To achieve this goal, it would be beneficial for the HSI practitioner to have a standardized, data-driven tool to assist in generating, tracking, and documenting human-centered requirements. The Survivability/Vulnerability Information Analysis Center created the Human Systems Integration – Capabilities and Requirements Tool in order to provide a means for identifying human related risks and concerns. The HSI-CRT uses domain-based questions to analyze human related risks in Capabilities-Based Assessment, Analysis of Alternatives, and Concept Development. The questions were developed by leveraging Department of Defense and Air Force requirements guides for these three processes. HSI-CRT is based on a risk management approach that is familiar to system engineering and program management disciplines. The practitioner responds to a set of questions with simple yes/no answers that query the status of human centered risks at any point in the requirements planning process. The practitioner is then prompted to rate the potential human performance risk using the standard DoD risk methodology. The tool also allows the practitioner to document the HSI status by entering data that supports the risk rating. Based on user responses, the HSI-CRT provides a report documenting the human performance risks associated with the analysis being performed. The tool was released to the Air Force in July 2015.

Modeling Algorithms for Predicting the Effects of Human Performance in the Presence of Environmental Stressors

For military systems, environmental stressors (e.g. motion, temperature, noise) must be considered during decision making related to manpower requirements, workload determination, design tradeoffs, and mission effectiveness/sustainability early into and throughout the system acquisition process. Current human performance modeling techniques may have limited predictive utility and have not been fully validated against operational human in the loop (HIL) data. As a result, they may lack sufficient fidelity to support systems engineering needs to predict the individual and interactive effects that environmental stressors may have on human performance. The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach for developing performance shaping function (PSF) algorithms for environmental stressors that can be integrated into human performance modeling tools. These high fidelity plug-in algorithms are anticipated to provide an enhanced level of predictive validity when compared to current discrete event modeling tools. The algorithms will address environmentally induced limitations that are levied on human performance and enhance decision making in defense acquisition system design and cost versus performance tradeoffs.

CER 선형결합을 통한 비용추정 모델 개발

The acquisition cost of defense weapon system has been continuously increasing because of art-of-technology of it. This phenomenon requires efficiency and transparency in the weapon system acquisition process through cost estimation. Therefore cost estimation is very important to the government acquisition programs to support decisions about funding and to evaluate resource requirement as a key decision point. The Commercial parametric cost estimating models have been using extensively to obtain appropriate cost estimates in early acquisition phase. These models have many restrictions to ensure the cost estimating result in Korean defense environment because they are developed based on foreign R&D data. Also estimation results are different from Korean defense industry accounting system. So, some studies have been tried to develop a CER (Cost Estimation Relationship) based on the Korean historical data. However, there are some restrictions to improve the predictability and ensure the stability of the developed singular CERs which consider the following data characteristics individually. The the abnormal conditions of data that is multicollinearity, outlier and heteroscedasticity under rack of the number of observations. In this paper, a CER's Linear Combining Model is proposed to overcome those limitations which guarantee more accurate estimation (25.42% higher precision) than other singular CERs. At least, this study is meaningful as a first attempt to improve the predictability of CER with insufficient data. The methodology suggested in this study will be useful to develop a complex Korean version cost estimating model development in future.

Economics of human performance and systems total ownership cost

Financial costs of investing in people is associated with training, acquisition, recruiting, and resolving human errors have a significant impact on increased total ownership costs. These costs can also affect the exaggerate budgets and delayed schedules. The study of human performance economical assessment in the system acquisition process enhances the visibility of hidden cost drivers which support program management informed decisions. This paper presents the literature review of human total ownership cost (HTOC) and cost impacts on overall system performance. Economic value assessment models such as cost benefit analysis, risk-cost tradeoff analysis, expected value of utility function analysis (EV), growth readiness matrix, multi-attribute utility technique, and multi-regressions model were introduced to reflect the HTOC and human performance-technology tradeoffs in terms of the dollar value. The human total ownership regression model introduces to address the influencing human performance cost component measurement. Results from this study will increase understanding of relevant cost drivers in the system acquisition process over the long term.

Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise in Radiation Oncology Plug and Play—The Future of Radiation Oncology?

To describe the processes and benefits of the integrating healthcare enterprises in radiation oncology (IHE-RO). The IHE-RO process includes five basic steps. The first step is to identify common interoperability issues encountered in radiation treatment planning and the delivery process. IHE-RO committees partner with vendors to develop solutions (integration profiles) to interoperability problems. The broad application of these integration profiles across a variety of vender platforms is tested annually at the Connectathon event. Demonstration of the seamless integration and transfer of patient data to the potential users are then presented by vendors at the public demonstration event. Users can then integrate these profiles into requests for proposals and vendor contracts by institutions. Incorporation of completed integration profiles into requests for proposals can be done when purchasing new equipment. Vendors can publish IHE integration statements to document the integration profiles supported by their products. As a result, users can reference integration profiles in requests for proposals, simplifying the systems acquisition process. These IHE-RO solutions are now available in many of the commercial radiation oncology-related treatment planning, delivery, and information systems. They are also implemented at cancer care sites around the world. IHE-RO serves an important purpose for the radiation oncology community at large.

The Use of Concept Maps to Support Human-System Integration Requirements: Highlighting the Human Touch Points

Concept maps are graphical representations of a body of knowledge and the relationships between parts of that knowledge. Concept maps help people see relationships among ideas and the range of topics to be considered in a concise form. The project discussed in this paper uses concept maps to support the design and development of a human-system integration (HSI) assessment tool to help system acquisition staff develop HSI requirements, to review deliverables for completeness, and to conduct or review HSI evaluations during the system acquisition process. Concept maps, used in this novel way, can help ensure that the essential aspects of a system or a problem are captured. Exemplar systems to be mapped are the F-15E, Stratcom's Global Operations Center (GOC), and the Predator unmanned aerial system.

The Use of Concept Maps to Support Human-System Integration Requirements: Highlighting the Human Touch Points

Concept maps are graphical representations of a body of knowledge and the relationships between parts of that knowledge. Concept maps help people see relationships among ideas and the range of topics to be considered in a concise form. The project discussed in this paper uses concept maps to support the design and development of a human-system integration (HSI) assessment tool to help system acquisition staff develop HSI requirements, to review deliverables for completeness, and to conduct or review HSI evaluations during the system acquisition process. Concept maps, used in this novel way, can help ensure that the essential aspects of a system or a problem are captured. Exemplar systems to be mapped are the F-15E, Stratcom's Global Operations Center (GOC), and the Predator unmanned aerial system.

Human factors integration in defence: preface

In the acquisition of large, complex pieces of equipment, such as many of those procured by the military, humancentred design is no longer enough to ensure the effectiveness of a system. Human factors integration (HFI) or human-system integration (HSI) as it is referred to in the US, is essentially a human-centric acquisition management process. HFI considers not just the specification, design and development of the user-centric aspects of the system, it also takes into account other processes, such as training, personnel skills and availability, and other organisational issues. It is the systematic process for identifying, tracking and resolving issues to ensure a balanced development of technological and human aspects of capability. The ‘‘I’’ in ‘‘HFI’’ refers to three aspects of integration: integration of humans and machines; integration between the HFI domains; and integration of Human Factors into the system acquisition process. It can broadly be characterised as a socio-technical systems based approach for the requirements specification, design, development and in-service monitoring of large pieces of equipment. HFI is a process which probably best lives within a system engineering context. The philosophy of human centred design (HCD) resides within HFI but it should be noted that HCD by itself is a necessary but not sufficient component of the HFI process. HCD alone is no longer sufficient to ensure system effectiveness.

The Use of M&S VV&A as a Risk Mitigation Strategy in Defense Acquisition

We describe verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) activities as components of risk assessment and risk mitigation in the defense systems acquisition process. We review risk assessment methodologies, application of those methodologies to models and simulations (M&S), and how this application relates to the overall risk mitigation process for the systems acquisition process.

9.4.1 The Axes Guiding Development of a Capability Engineering Process

AbstractSignificant changes in the nature of military systems and the military environment require improvements of the current military systems acquisition process. The Capability Engineering Process (CEP), to be delivered through the CapDEM project, aims at improving military capabilities acquisition in the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces (DND/CF). However, opportunities to improve capability acquisition are too numerous to implement all of them within the CEP. This paper presents a structured approach to better orient the development of a CEP.

The Economics of Buying Complex Weapons

efence procurement is an important current policy issue in Australia. On one hand, there is a build-up in defence outlays as a result of the war on terrorism, our military’s involvement in peace missions in our region and beyond, and changes in the threats facing Australia. Given the extra resources directed to defence, it is natural to expect that these expenses will be subjected to a greater degree of scrutiny. On the other hand, greater public scrutiny also follows from a history of major delays and cost overruns in the Collins Class submarines and the Jindalee Operational Radar Network projects. A recent media report (see http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/s1058425.htm) cites the findings of a review of the Government’s defence equipment projects by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute indicating a multi-billion dollar blow out in the cost of new defence equipment. According to the media report, the costs of the Air Warfare Destroyers have doubled while the costs of the upgrade of the Chinook helicopter have more than tripled. In this paper we are concerned with the procurement of complex weapons systems. We review the major characteristics of the weapons systems acquisition process that distinguish this process from a standard regulation problem. We then discuss some of the outcomes of the acquisition process and focus on the relevance of the economic theory developed over the last twenty-five years for creating remedies to mitigate the intrinsic inefficiencies in the weapons systems acquisition process. Specifically, a weapons system is defined as a composite of equipment employed as an entity to accomplish a military mission (such as destroying enemy installations, identifying hostile aircraft, protecting advancing infantry or surveying territory). Complex weapons systems, such as those associated with fighter aircraft and bombers, frigates and submarines, tanks and armoured personnel carriers, account for a high share of defence outlays in the more advanced economies. The process of acquiring complex weapons systems encompasses their conception, development and production. In this paper we focus on the efficiency of the acquisition process. Efficiency in this context involves organising the process of acquiring each of those systems in a manner likely to maximise the systems’ net value.

8.3.1 An instrument for establishing the operational need for the Dutch Defense

AbstractThe information process towards the Dutch parliament on the acquisition of defence material has improved considerable. Though several aspects are not or not to the appropriate detail addressed during the acquisition process, as was shown in an other research on the Dutch Defense System Acquisition Process. The same kinds of research was performed on the information process of the “Establishment of the Operation Need” of the Dutch Defense System Planning Process. This process lacks the structure and contents to adequately inform the Dutch Parliament on the transition from the planning via the operational need toward the actual acquisition process. Part of the problem is found in the way the Defense organization comprehends the actual need, and is a result of inadequate systems thinking. For the structuring problem a solution was proposed in rewriting the procedure and including an aspect list as a check list for writing appropriate documents.

Integrating pollution prevention into air force weapon system acquisition

Environmental, safety, and health (ESH) expertise was provided in the development of handbooks to embed pollution prevention (P2) into the Air Force weapon system acquisition process. Interviews were conducted with aerospace contractors, system program offices, ESH and engineering staff, air staff, commands and base personnel, to identify issues and “best practices.” Over 300 government and industry reviewers provided extensive comments. The most significant comment was that the National Aerospace Standard 411, Hazardous Material Management Program, be the handbook's cornerstone. The latest version of the handbook has 67 templates, which provide P2 guidance and recommendations for specific acquisition processes and documentation.