Syrup Consumption Research Articles

A new design of bee cage for laboratory experiments: nutritional assessment of supplemental diets in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

We designed a cage that can maintain adult bees for 21 days with about 90% survival rate, in addition to facilitating the changing of sucrose syrup and beebread, and collection of live and dead bees without disturbing or releasing bees. The consumption rates of bee pollen diet and sucrose syrup for groups of 50–200 honey bees were recorded for 21 days after emergence. The bees consumed the bee pollen diet mainly at the age of 1–9 days. Regular consumption of sucrose syrup was observed among all bee groups throughout the 21 days. Furthermore, the nutritional responses of nurse bees—specifically, the expressions of major royal jelly protein 1 (mrjp1) in the head and vitellogenin (vg) in the abdomen—upon the provision of five single-supplemental diets were evaluated. We aimed to improve the usability of bee cages by elucidating the food consumption of bees and the relationship between nutritional gene expression and the ingestion of each single-protein diet.

Long-term effects of honey solution on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in military graduates with psychological symptoms of over-training

Background: Physical exercise in certain conditions can cause over-training syndrome in individuals, which is associated with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses by cytokines. The balance of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can indicate the strength of the immune system against pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of honey solution on the balance consumption of interferon-gamma and interleukin4. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study has been performed by pre-test-post-test with two groups of placebo and honey syrup. For investigation, 70 individuals from the available population, including military graduates, have been examined using an over-training psychological questionnaire and finally, using blood markers (cortisol and testosterone), an over-training test of 38 people with age range of (75/1±75/20) years, and body mass index of (19/4±1/7 kg/m2) have been selected and randomly divided into two groups of 19 individuals: placebo and honey syrup. In order to measure serum levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, before and after 6 weeks of consuming honey solution, 5 cc of blood has been taken from the arm vein and measured by ELISA. Results: The changes in cytokines levels have been investigated using the independent t-test in the SPSS software version 22. Following the use of honey syrup, compared with the placebo group, an increase in interferon-gamma levels and a decrease in interleukin-4 have been observed, which was a significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: 6 weeks consumption of honey syrup promoted the balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin cytokines to reduce the side effects of over-training on the immune system.

A combination of Tropilaelaps mercedesae and imidacloprid negatively affects survival, pollen consumption and midgut bacterial composition of honey bee

Tropilaelaps mercedesae is not only a major threat to honey bees in Asia but also a potential risk to global apiculture due to trade. Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that negatively affects individual bees. Moreover, the health of honey bees may be threatened by imidacloprid exposure and T. mercedesae infestation. We studied the effects of T. mercedesae and imidacloprid on the survival, food consumption and midgut bacterial diversity of Apis mellifera in the laboratory. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the bacterial composition in the honey bee midgut. T. mercedesae decreased survival in parasitized honey bees compared with nonparasitized honey bees, but there was no significant difference in food consumption. The imidacloprid 50 μg/L diet significantly decreased syrup consumption of A. mellifera compared with the control diet. The combination of T. mercedesae infestation and imidacloprid 50 μg/L exposure reduced survival and increased pollen consumption of A. mellifera. T. mercedesae infestation or a combination of T. mercedesae infestation and exposure to 25 μg/L imidacloprid affected the midgut bacterial composition of honey bees. T. mercedesae infestation and imidacloprid exposure may reduce the survival and affect honey bee health.

Effects of Bt Cry78Ba1 Toxin on Larvae and Adults of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Cry78Ba1 is Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt) protein found with high insecticidal activity against the piercing-sucking insect Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and has broad application prospects for control of the rice planthopper. As honey bees may be exposed to Bt Cry78Ba1 rice pollen by feeding, we evaluated the risk of Bt Cry78Ba1 toxin to Apis mellifera L. workers. A dietary exposure experiment was conducted on worker larvae and adults under controlled laboratory conditions to examine the effects of Cry78Ba1 toxin on honey bees. Worker bee larvae were fed a diet containing Cry78Ba1 toxin (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/liter) on day 2 through day 5 after grafting, and adults were exposed to syrup containing Cry78Ba1 for up to 16 d. Negative control (no test substance added), solvent control (1 mM Tris-HCl), and positive control (dimethoate 45 mg/liter for the larva test, 1 and 45 mg/liter for the adult test) groups were established. Compared with the negative control, larvae and adults that consumed food containing Cry78Ba1 toxin exhibited no significant differences in survival, larval weight, or pollen or syrup consumption. This result indicates that chronic oral exposure to Cry78Ba1 toxin has no negative effects on honey bees at the maximum tested concentration.

Fructose-Induced Intestinal Microbiota Shift Following Two Types of Short-Term High-Fructose Dietary Phases.

High consumption of fructose and high-fructose corn syrup is related to the development of obesity-associated metabolic diseases, which have become the most relevant diet-induced diseases. However, the influences of a high-fructose diet on gut microbiota are still largely unknown. We therefore examined the effect of short-term high-fructose consumption on the human intestinal microbiota. Twelve healthy adult women were enrolled in a pilot intervention study. All study participants consecutively followed four different diets, first a low fructose diet (< 10 g/day fructose), then a fruit-rich diet (100 g/day fructose) followed by a low fructose diet (10 g/day fructose) and at last a high-fructose syrup (HFS) supplemented diet (100 g/day fructose). Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. A high-fructose fruit diet significantly shifted the human gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, in which beneficial butyrate producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Anareostipes and Erysipelatoclostridium were elevated, and decreasing the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes including the genus Parabacteroides. An HFS diet induced substantial differences in microbiota composition compared to the fruit-rich diet leading to a lower Firmicutes and a higher Bacteroidetes abundance as well as reduced abundance of the genus Ruminococcus. Compared to a low-fructose diet we observed a decrease of Faecalibacterium and Erysipelatoclostridium after the HFS diet. Abundance of Bacteroidetes positively correlated with plasma cholesterol and LDL level, whereas abundance of Firmicutes was negatively correlated. Different formulations of high-fructose diets induce distinct alterations in gut microbiota composition. High-fructose intake by HFS causes a reduction of beneficial butyrate producing bacteria and a gut microbiota profile that may affect unfavorably host lipid metabolism whereas high consumption of fructose from fruit seems to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in a beneficial way supporting digestive health and counteracting harmful effects of excessive fructose.

Knowledge attitudes and behaviors of adult individuals about high fructose corn syrup consumption; cross sectional survey study

The purpose of this study is; to examine the knowledge and attitudes of individuals about ready-to food consumption and food products containing high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Research in the city center in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey was held with 18 individuals over the age of two shoppers at the supermarket. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The research was conducted between 15.09.2018 and 30.03.2019. Data were collected from 254 individuals using face-to-face interview technique. The questionnaire form consisted of questions created by the researcher to determine socio-demographic variables as well as information about ready-made food intake and foods containing high fructose corn syrup. The suitability of the questionnaire for factor analysis was evaluated with the "Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient" and "Bartlett Sphericity Test". As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the 21-item survey form explains 52% of the total variance. The questionnaire items consist of four factors. Cronbach's Alpha reliability of the questionnaire is 0.860 on the whole. In the sub-factors; The first factor was 0.859, the second factor was 0.764, the third factor was 0.652, and the fourth factor was 0.616. The findings obtained in the study were analyzed using the Independent Sample t Test, One Way Anova test, Mann Whitney U test and Tukey test. SPSS 21, USA was used to analyze the study. It was determined that the average age of the participants was 31.3±11.7, the rate of paying attention to ingredients and nutritional values while purchasing ready-made foods was low, and 1/4 of them did not pay attention to high fructose corn syrup in their content. There was a significant correlation between the age and employment status of the participants and their knowledge and attitudes about the foods containing corn syrup (p<0.05). It was concluded that individuals should be educated about health risks while purchasing ready-made food products and should be more informed about foods containing HFCS. It is recommended that the questionnaire used in the study be tested in different sample groups in order to increase its validity and reliability evidence.

S0489 Correlation Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup in a Low-Income Community

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and debilitating disease. It is predominant in female patients. Due to its complicated treatment, clinical research is focused to improve symptomatology through dietary modifications. Hypersensitivity to certain fructose-containing foods plays a role in the development of IBS. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a widely used, cost-effective sweetener. Our hospital system is committed to service to medically underserved, low-income, and minority populations. More than 37% of our city population lives in poverty. Our city is considered a ‘food desert’ with limited dietary choices due to the lack of access to healthy foods. This may increase consumption of readily available, cheaper, processed HFCS-rich foods. We investigated if HFCS consumption is higher in our IBS patients. Identifying and eliminating these food triggers will aid in the management of this disease. METHODS: We completed a retrospective chart review of 969 IBS patients for demographics, social history and psychiatric comorbidities. We also obtained 122 patient and 50 control surveys with additional information on HFCS consumption. USDA database was used to identify foods particularly high in HFCS. HFCS was quantified by Glinsmann's coefficient. Student's t-tests were used to compare means of quantitative data. Chi-square was used for categorical proportions. Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to assess strength of correlation between IBS and psychiatric comorbidities. RESULTS: 83% and 78% IBS patients were female and Caucasian, respectively; 39% were obese. Significant number of IBS patients showed one or more psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression (567), anxiety (325), bipolar (93), PTSD (87), and psychosis (21). Notably, IBS patients had significantly higher consumption of HFCS per capita as compared to the control group (P > 0.0001) (Table 1 and Figure 1). Specific foods contributing to HFCS consumption are also schematically presented in Figure 2. This will be useful to design a personalized dietary plan to reduce HFCS intake, e.g. HFCS consumption is highest in the IBS-diarrhea patients and majority of that is contributed by beverages. CONCLUSION: Our data shows a strong correlation between IBS and certain psychiatric comorbidities as well as IBS and HFCS consumption. Our data will help to create a personalized management plan for IBS patients in areas where access to healthy food options is difficult.Table 1Figure 1Figure 2

"Obesity and Food Addiction: Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup and the Effectiveness of Clinical-Nutritional Management"

Over time, food has undergone modifications to become an unhealthy diet. Currently, the consumption of processed foods with a high content of simple sugars and saturated fats is preferred, making the food a health risk. This situation has increased obesity rates becoming a serious problem worldwide. The constant consumption of foods enriched with high-fructose corn syrup exerts a direct effect on the dopaminergic mesolimbic system, estimulate the synthesis of dopamine causing a sensation of pleasure.

Time series analysis of Nevirapine syrup consumption in prevention of mother-tochild transmission and optimal supply chain model in Oshana region, Namibia.

HIV/AIDS continue to be serious communicable disease whose impact on public health in Namibia is massive. It is estimated that the prevalence rate of HIV in Namibia is 17.2%, ranking the country as the fifth highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Some improvement in reducing the number of cases of HIV/AIDS has been made in the country, but the sporadic shortage of medicines continues to slow down government efforts to foster the emergence of an HIVfree generation of Namibians. Develop and demonstrate a mathematical supply-chain model, which can establish parameters to prevent stock-outs of NVP suspension. The study adopted retrospective approach to acquire data from 2012-2016. Gamma supply chain model was developed as the optimal model for NVP syrup and forecasted consumption for 2017-2018 was determined. It is a recommendation of this study that new guidelines for implementation of optimal supply-chain models at the regional medical store, health centers and clinics be implemented for Nevirapine syrup.

Effect of yacon syrup on blood lipid, glucose and metabolic endotoxemia in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial

Abstract We investigate the impact of yacon syrup consumption on glycemic, lipid and metabolic endotoxemia in healthy subjects. Thus, 32 healthy were randomized into two groups that consumed 40 g of yacon syrup/day (= 8.74 g FOS/day) or a placebo, for 2-weeks. Anthropometric assessments, gastrointestinal effects, glycemic and lipid profile, and LPS were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. The results obtained shown that the 2-weeks consumption of yacon syrup does not promote serum LPS alteration in healthy volunteers. Moreover, the glycemic and lipid profile were also similar between the groups before and after the intervention. Yacon syrup did not affect blood lipid, glucose or metabolic endotoxemia. However, it is possible that positive effects of yacon syrup will turn evident only in a long-term intervention. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of yacon syrup consumption, and its use in obese and diabetic individuals.

Effects of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) essential oils on the honey bees, Apis mellifera (Apidae: Hymenoptera), foraging

The use of plant essential oils has been adopted as less hazardous to the environment and human health than synthetic insecticides used for the control of insects that transmit diseases. Despite of exerting insecticidal activities against several insect disease vectors, the potential impacts on non-target organisms exerted by essential oils extracted from Lippia sidoides (Cham.) have not received adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility and potential changes in consumption rates of honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.), when exposed to essential oils extracted from L. sidoides. Was exposed forager bees to honey syrup (50% v/v) containing L. sidoides essential oil for 5 h. After this exposure period, the bees received regular honey syrup for another 19 h period. Six essential oil concentrations was used, namely 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 µL of essential oil/mL of syrup, and evaluated the syrup consumption and bees mortality in both periods (at the 5th and 24th h). The results reveal that independent of the essential oil concentration, the forager bees fed significantly less on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup. However, feeding on L. sidoides essential oil-containing honey syrup did not cause significant mortality when compared with bees that were not exposed to the essential oils. Thus, the results demonstrate that L. sidoides essential oils exhibited adequate selectivity against honey bees.

An Assessment of Home-Based Newborn Care Plus Innovation in Six districts of Rajasthan: A Cross Sectional Comparative Analysis

Background: To improve coverage of key child health community practices, Home Based Infant Care (HBNC+) was implemented with support of Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) in 4 States of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. The innovation aimed at improving coverage of key child health interventions through home visits by community health worker, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA). Aims &amp; Objective: This paper elucidates the results from the assessment of implementation in intervention versus control districts of Rajasthan. Material &amp; Methods: A cross-sectional intervention-control design with a sample size of 3211 mothers of children in age group 0 to 23 months was adopted. Results: 85 percent of the children (aged 3-23 months) received at least one infant care home visit in the intervention districts in comparison to 32 percent in control. Significant improvements were found in terms of exclusive breastfeeding, weighing and Iron Folic Acid (IFA) consumption and availability of ORS and Iron Syrup in intervention districts. 15 percent additional children had weight plotted in growth charts and 24 percent more consumed IFA syrup bi-weekly in intervention districts. Conclusion: Home visits in infancy is a scalable model and can lead to improvement of community child health practices.

Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee

Pesticide use is one of the main causes of pollinator declines in agricultural ecosystems. Traditionally, most laboratory studies on bee ecotoxicology test acute exposure to single compounds. However, under field conditions, bees are often chronically exposed to a variety of chemicals, with potential synergistic effects. We studied the effects of field-realistic concentrations of three pesticides measured in pollen and nectar of commercial melon fields on the solitary bee Osmia bicornis L. We orally exposed females of this species throughout their life span to 8 treatments combining two neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid) and a triazole fungicide (myclobutanil) via pollen and sugar syrup. We measured pollen and syrup consumption, longevity, ovary maturation and thermogenesis. Although bees consumed larger amounts of syrup than pollen, pesticide intake via syrup and pollen were similar. At the tested concentrations, no synergistic effects emerged, and we found no effects on longevity and ovary maturation. However, all treatments containing imidacloprid resulted in suppressed syrup consumption and drastic decreases in thoracic temperature and bee activity. Our results have important implications for pesticide regulation. If we had measured only lethal effects we would have wrongly concluded that the pesticide combinations containing imidacloprid were safe to O. bicornis. The incorporation of tests specifically intended to detect sublethal effects in bee risk assessment schemes should be an urgent priority. In this way, the effects of pesticide exposure on the dynamics of bee populations in agroecosystems will be better assessed.

Abstract P3032: Low-Salt and Minimal Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake May Not Improve Hypertension Control

Objective: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) (high fructose corn syrup and sucrose) consumption positively associates with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension (HTN). High fructose intake may aggravate HTN, an effect enhanced by greater sodium intake. Thus, high SSB may increase difficult-to-control BP (BPD). Methods: SSB consumption in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) was evaluated in 61 subjects with a validated instrument and converted to grams of fructose per day. Demographics and 24-hour sodium excretion were collected. The BPD group had SBP &gt;140 mmHg or &gt;120 mmHg for intensive group participants, or BP at “goal” for the trial group and more than median number of agents in each group in study as a whole. The “BP Easy” group (BPE; n=25) group comprised the remainder of subjects. Mean BP from two visits before SPRINT termination established the study BP; descriptive variables were summarized; and a Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare SSB consumption between groups. Results: Cohort characteristics are shown in Table 1. BPD and BPE median fructose intakes were 11.25 g/d (IQR, 5.5 to 17.92) and 11.9 g/day (IQR 2.9 to 36.71; P =0.577), respectively. BPD and BPE median 24hr urine sodium excretion were 108.4 mmol (IQR 89.5-152.5) and 121.1 (102-137; P=0.16), respectively. Conclusions: A highly selected group of older subjects had low SSB (fructose) intake, yet a proportion that consumed less sodium and fructose manifested difficult to control BP. Further study of this sub-population is critical to better understanding difficult to control BP.

Lysulin: Natural nutritional support to bring better health to people with diabetes and prediabetes

Obesity and type 2 diabetes, both worldwide epidemics, are drastic problems that can be ameliorated dramatically through the combination of lifestyle changes (especially diet and exercise) the treatment of drugs and nutritional supplements [1]. Lysulin is a patent-pending nutritional supplement that contains lysine, zinc and vitamin C [2]. Through double-blind placebo-controlled studies, it has been shown to help people with prediabetes [3] and type 2 diabetes [4] in promoting better glycemic control and lowering their HbA1c.Historically, supplements have had a bad reputation due to aggressive marketing of unsubstantiated claims. That being said, Lysulin is firmly grounded on a foundation of 25 years of research, development and clinical studies. These studies show the ingredients in Lysulin can lower blood glucose and glycated proteins – the cause of diabetes complications. In addition, double-blind placebo-controlled studies found that Lysulin improves glycemic control in people with diabetes and may also slow or even halt the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes [3,4].Glucose is essential in providing the human body an energy source. Glucose relies on the hormone, insulin, to enter our cells to provide the energy we need for everyday living. However, while everyone needs a certain amount of glucose for daily energy production, excessive glucose is dangerously toxic to the body (primarily as a result of protein glycation). In addition, fructose (from High Fructose Corn Syrup) does not utilize insulin to enter the liver or our cells, and thus enters them easily and immediately turns into fat [5]. Poor diets, along with increased consumption of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), have lead to the high rates of obesity and diabetes that we see today. The pandemic of type 2 diabetes, which is expected to affect at least 250 million people worldwide by 2020 and 642 million by 2040 [6], is the result of diets high in carbohydrates, HFCS and sugar, along with the lack of commensurate exercise. This lifestyle leads to insulin resistance, caused by the glycation of insulin and insulin receptors [7], which results in high concentrations of glucose in the bloodstream. The therapy for type 2 diabetes begins with attempts to control glucose through diet and exercise. If this fails, oral drugs are prescribed. If these fail to show improvements in blood glucose levels, insulin injections are given. Over 30% of people with type 2 diabetes are using insulin injections to control their blood glucose levels [6]. There is vast literature documenting the role of nutraceuticals and functional foods in managing the alterations in metabolism and improving the health of people with chronic disease [8, 9]. To make up for the fact that important nutrients are lost during the processing of food, adding nutritional supplements to our daily routine, in addition to consuming a low-carbohydrate diet, can have profound benefits. A well-balanced diet, along with exercise and the right nutritional supplements, can provide the foundation for a lifetime of well-being and good health.Keywords: Diabetes, Nutritional Support, Lysulin, Lysine, Zinc, Vitamin V, HbA1c

Melatonin protects the heart and endothelium against high fructose corn syrup consumption-induced cardiovascular toxicity via SIRT-1 signaling.

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been shown to cause cardiovascular toxicity via oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the protective effects of melatonin (MLT) against HFCS-induced endothelial and cardiac dysfunction via oxidative stress and inflammation. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley male rats were distributed into three groups as control, HFCS, and HFCS + MLT. HFCS form F55 was prepared as 20% fructose syrup solution and given to the rats through drinking water for 10 weeks, and MLT administrated 10 mg/kg/day orally for last 6 weeks in addition to F55. After decapitation, blood and half of the heart samples were collected for biochemical analysis and other half of the tissues for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index, and caspase-3 levels increased and total antioxidant status levels decreased significantly in HFCS group. MLT treatment reversed all these parameters. Histopathologically, hyperemia, endothelial cell damage and increased levels of angiogenin, C-reactive protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, myeloperoxidase and decreased sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) expressions were observed in HFCS group. MLT ameliorated all these changes. MLT has an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic effects on HFCS-induced cardiovascular toxicity through enhancing the expression of SIRT-1.

The effects of high-fructose corn syrup consumption on testis physiopathology-The ameliorative role of melatonin.

This study investigated the ameliorative role of melatonin (MLT) and the effects of a long-term intake of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) on the male reproductive system. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: Control, HFCS and HFCS+MLT. Testis and epididymal weights were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, total testosterone levels, testicular histopathological damage scores were evaluated, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on testicular tissue. Epididymal weights were significantly lower in the HFCS+MLT group than those of the control and HFCS groups. MDA was significantly increased, while SOD and CAT activities were reduced in the HFCS group compared with the control group. Administration of melatonin significantly increased SOD and CAT activities in the HFCS+MLT group. Histopathological evaluation revealed slight hyperaemia and oedema in the stromal tissue of rat testes in the HFCS group. Sperm count and Johnsen's testicular biopsy score (JTBS) were significantly decreased in the HFCS group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that HSP, iNOS, MDA, OPN and VEGF values were significantly increased in the HFCS group. However, melatonin ameliorated the immunohistochemical scoring. Our results showed that a long-term intake of HFCS caused testicular damage. Melatonin may be a promising pharmacological agent against testicular toxicity induced by HFCS.

Effects of Phoenix dactylifera Syrup Consumption on the Severity of Labor Pain and Length of the Active Phase of Labor in Nulliparous Women

Effects of Phoenix dactylifera Syrup Consumption on the Severity of Labor Pain and Length of the Active Phase of Labor in Nulliparous Women

The Effect of Oral Intake of Honey Syrup on the Pain Intensity of Active Phase of Parturition of nulliparous women: A Randomized clinical trial.

Background:Labor is a natural pain despite the fact that the severity of the pain and response to it differ in various people, but most women refer to labor as an unpleasant experience of their lives. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of honey on the severity of labor in primigravida women.Methods:In this study, 80 healthy volunteer primigravida women were entered to the research as randomized clinical trial (40 subjects in each group) after studying and signing consent form and they were randomly divided into two intervention honey group and control group. The data gathering tool comprised four main parts of the personal profile questionnaire, controls performance in the labor, records fluid intake rate and pain intensity using a 0-10 cm ruler.Results:The mean of pain intensity in the honey syrup intervention group was significant.Conclusion:Honey syrup consumption without side effects significantly affected the severity of labor.

RNA-seq reveals disruption of gene regulation when honey bees are caged and deprived of hive conditions.

In this study, we present phenotypic and genetic data characterizing the impact of imidacloprid and caging stress on honey bee Apis mellifera physiological responses and regulation of 45 genes using targeted-RNA seq. The term 'caging stress' characterizes the effects of depriving honey bees of all hive aspects and conditions. Two cohorts of 1day old sister bees were subjected to different conditions. One cohort was caged and fed different imidacloprid-tainted sugar solutions and the second was marked and introduced back to its natal hive. Physiological bee parameters and diet behavior were monitored daily for caged bees over several weeks. Bee samples from both cohorts were sampled weekly for RNA sequencing and oxidative stress analyses. Imidacloprid induced significant protein damage and post-ingestive aversion responses in caged bees, leading to lower tainted syrup consumption and higher water intake compared with the controls. No differentially expressed genes were observed among caged bees in regards to imidacloprid treatment. However, significant upregulation in antioxidant genes was recorded in caged bees as compared with hive bees, with overwhelming downregulation in all gene categories in caged bees at week 4. We identified two sets of genes that were constantly regulated in caged bees, including Rsod with unknown function in insects that could potentially characterize caging stress in honey bees.