Syringa Research Articles

СОХРАНЕНИЕ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ РОДА SYRINGA L. В КОЛЛЕКЦИИ IN VITRO ГБС РАН

Syringa L. is a genus of woody plant species cultivated in temperate climate regions mainly for ornamental spring flowering. In Russia and abroad, the breeding work is focused on several areas, including original flowering, winter hardiness, disease resistance, etc. Conservation of plant genetic diversity, including ornamental crops, for current and future breeding programs is the main task of botanical gardens and other research centers. The biotechnological method is considered one of the most effective and reproducible ways to preserve the plant gene bank. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden’s in vitro collection of the genus Syringa L. includes more than two hundred accessions (species, subspecies, cultivars, and selected plants). During the research, the methods of in vitro cultivation were improved for this crop. The morphogenesis and morphometric parameters were analyzed, when cultivated lilac cultivars on the media with different growth regulators at the micropropagation stage. The analysis of growth regulators used for lilac micropropagation (6-benzylaminopurine, meta-Topolin, tidiazuron) showed that the highest values of essential micropropagation parameters (height of microshoots, multiplication rate, etc.) were obtained when cultivated on nutrient media with the addition of meta-Topolin. Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with meta-Topolin at the concentrations of 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L was found effective for lilac micropropagation. The use of meta-Topolin in a medium induced adventitious shoot formation at the base of explants and activation of axillary buds on them. The technique of slow growth preservation was improved for the representatives of the genus Syringa. Cultivation under low light intensity (0.7 Klux) and temperature (5–7°C) on a medium added with retardant (4 mg/L of chlorcholine chloride) significantly enlarged subcultivation duration (up to 2.0 years and more) and contributed to preserving the viability of explants (81% on average).

Project of optimization of the collection and exposition area “Syringarium” the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the NAS of Ukraine

The paper presents the results of research of archival materials on the introduction of taxa of the genus Syringa in the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine). Conventionally, two main stages of lilac introduction in the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine were distinguished: the first stage – from the end of the 18th century until 1918 and the second stage – from 1946 until the present time.The laying of the monogarden “Syringarium” is considered to have appeared between 1948 and 1950. In 2021, the collection of “Syringarium” comprised two species, one artificial hybrid, and 37 cultivars and was represented by three age groups (i.e., I age group – 76 specimens of 19 cultivars; II age group – 90 specimens of 24 cultivars; III age group – 54 specimens of 15 cultivars).Considering over 70 years of lilac cultivation on one plot, it went through many difficulties, which resulted in changes in its diversity and a decrease in the quantitative composition of the collection. In particular, allelopathic soil fatigue caused significant weakening of plants and reduced their resistance to disease and pest damage. Therefore, there was a need to optimize the site of the “Syringarium” (i.e., partially replace the soil; re-root the plants on their own roots to extend their life; restore the varietal diversity by introducing the new cultivars, including those of Ukrainian selection, etc.). According to the project developed by the scientists of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine on optimization of the mono-garden “Syringarium”, it is planned to plant 91 specimens of 47 lilac. For the eco-educational purpose, it is also planned to create an area representing original lilacs species.

Comparative Component Composition of Flowers in Several Syringa Species (Oleaceae).

Because insufficient relevant data are available, the component composition of flowers was studied comparatively in six lilac species of the genus Syringa L. (Oleaceae): S. emodi Wall., S. josikaea Jacg., S. komarowii Schneid., S. reticulata (Blume) H. Hara ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P. S. Green et M. C. Chang, S. sweginzowii Koehne et Lingelsh, and S. vulgaris L. Plants were from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute. Contents were established for major groups of biologically active substances (BASs): flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, and organic acids. The highest contents of all BAS groups were observed in S. komarowii flowers: flavonoids, 4.25 ± 0.21%; hydroxycinnamic acids, 6.13 ± 0.29%; tannins, 9.3 ± 0.5%; ascorbic acid, 0.468 ± 0.022%; and organic acids, 10.7 ± 0.5%. The contents were somewhat lower in S. emodi and S. sweginzowii and minimum in S. josikaea. Comparisons of the qualitative and quantitative BAS profiles showed that certain Syringa species cultivated in the Republic of Bashkortostan are promising to further study in terms of their possible use in scientific medicine and the development of herbal remedies.

Phytopatological assessment of representatives of the genus Syringa L. in the collection of the Donetsk Botanical Garden

Phytopatological assessment of representatives of the genus Syringa L. in the collection of the Donetsk Botanical Garden

Comparative Analysis of the Component Composition of Flowers in Some Species of the Genus <i>Syringa</i> (Oleaceae)

Abstract—Due to the insufficient knowledge of the lilac flowers component composition, a comparative analysis of 6 species of the genus Syringa L. from the collection of the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center RAS was carried out. S. emodi Wall., S. josikaea Jacg., S. komarowii Schneid., S. reticulata (Blume) H. Hara ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S. Green et M.C. Chang, S. sweginzowii Koehne et Lingelsh, S. vulgaris L. were studied. The content of the major groups of biologically active compounds, namely flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins and organic acids, was established. The highest content of all identified groups of biologically active substances (BAS) was found in flowers of S. komarowii: flavonoids ‒ 4.25 ± 0.21%, hydroxycinnamic acids ‒ 6.13 ± 0.29%, tannins – 9.3 ± 0.5%, ascorbic acid ‒ 0.468 ± 0.022%, and organic acids ‒ 10.7 ± 0.5%. In S. emodi and S. sweginzowii the content of these BAS is little less than in S. komarowii, and the minimum amount of BAS was found in S. josikaea. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the BAS major groups in some lilac species cultivated in the Republic of Bashkortostan shows the prospects for their further study with the objective of their possible use in scientific medicine, and for the development of herbal remedies.

Teaching Students an Effective Methodology of Reproduction of Syringa Vulgaris in the Laboratory

This article describes the methods of identifying effective ways to study the reproduction of the genus Syringa vulgaris in laboratory conditions in the laboratory of Akhmet Yassawi university and its introduction into the educational process at the University. At the present time, students are developing the ability to organize their practical work, demonstrating microclonal propagation of plants in the laboratory. When conducting scientific research, morphological and control, comparative and measuring methods were used. Representatives of the siren family Syringa vulgaris were given the results of complex studies on the reproduction of valuable genotypes using biotechnological methods, micropropagation and plant health improvement in the laboratory in vitro. It is recommended to study the results of the study in the syllabus of the discipline «Biotechnology» of the University in the amount of 1 hour. During the study, students were formed the theoretical foundations of clonal micropropagation of plants, asexual reproduction in vitro. The optimal time for the introduction of the explant in vitro was determined. Under in vitro conditions, an effective method for disinfecting shoots when growing lilacs with the introduction of plant explants into a nutrient medium is proposed. In the research conducted in the laboratory «Biotechnology» of Akhmet Yassawi University, 15 students of the group «ZhBI-811» in biology conducted a control of the ability to grow in the nutrient medium of Murasiga-Skuga explant lilac. The influence of genotypic characteristics and hormonal composition of the nutrient medium on the cultivation of lilac shoots In vitro, the content of nutrient media in the root formation of lilac explants were revealed. As a result of research work, effective methods of reproduction of microclone in general, based on the technology of reproduction of ornamental shrub lilac can be used as auxiliary tools for future specialists, students in the field of biology and the results of this work will be implemented in the content of the disciplines «Biotechnology», «Dendrology».

Analysis of the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic evolution of three species of Syringa

BackgroundBy the time our study was completed, the chloroplast genomes of Syringa oblata, S. pubescents subsp. Microphylla, and S. reticulate subsp. Amurensis had not been sequenced, and their genetic background was not clear.The research contentIn this study, the chloroplast genomes of Syringa oblata, S. pubescents subsp. Microphylla, S. reticulate subsp. Amurensis, and five other species of Syringa were sequenced for a comparative genomics analysis, inverted repeat (IR) boundary analysis, collinearity analysis, codon preference analysis and a nucleotide variability analysis. Differences in the complete chloroplast genomes of 30 species of Oleaceae were compared with that of S. oblata as the reference species, and Ginkgo biloba was used as the out group to construct the phylogenetic tree.ResultsThe results showed that the chloroplast genomes of S. oblata, S. pubescents subsp. Microphylla, and S. reticulate subsp. Amurensis were similar to those of other angiosperms and showed a typical four-segment structure, with full lengths of 155,569, 160,491, 155,419, and protein codes of 88, 95, and 87, respectively. Because the IR boundary of S. pubescents subsp. Microphylla was significantly expanded to the large single copy (LSC) region, resulting in complete replication of some genes in the IR region, the LSC region of S. pubescents subsp. Microphylla was significantly shorter than those of S. oblate and S. reticulate subsp. Amurensis. Similar to most higher plants, these three species have a preference for their codons ending with A/T.ConclusionsWe consider the genus Syringa to be a synphyletic group. The nucleotide variability and phylogenetic analyses showed that Syringa differentiated before Ligustrum and Ligustrum developed from Syringa. We propose removing the existing section division and directly dividing Syringa into five series.

Epiphytoty of infectious spot of representatives of the genus Syringa L. in the collection of the Donetsk Botanical Garden

Epiphytoty of infectious spot of representatives of the genus Syringa L. in the collection of the Donetsk Botanical Garden

Identification and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Syringa based on chloroplast genomic DNA barcoding.

DNA barcoding is a supplementary tool in plant systematics that is extensively used to resolve species-level controversies. This study assesses the significance of using two DNA barcoding loci (e.g., psbA-trnH and trnC-petN) in distinguishing 33 plant samples of the genus Syringa. Results showed that the average genetic distance K2P of psbA-trnH DNA marker was 0.0521, which is much higher than that of trnC-petN, which is 0.0171. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on psbA-trnH and trnC-petN indicated that the identification rate of psbA-trnH and trnC-petN alone were 75% and 62.5%, respectively. The barcode combination of psbA-trnH+trnC-petN could identify 33 samples of the genus Syringa accurately and effectively with an identification rate of 87.5%. The 33 Syringa samples were divided into four groups: Group I is series Syringa represented by Syringa oblata; Group II is series Villosae represented by Syringa villosa; Group III is series Pubescentes represented by Syringa meyeri; and Group IV is section Ligustrina represented by Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis. These research results provided strong evidence that the combinatorial barcode of psbA-trnH+trnC-petN had high-efficiency identification ability and application prospects in species of the genus Syringa.

Syringenes M - Q, Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from the Peeled Stems of Syringa pinnatifolia.

As a part of systematic studies on Syringa pinnatifolia, a continued phytochemical investigation guided by 1 H-NMR and LC/MS data on the ethanol extract afforded five new dimeric eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, namely syringenes M-Q (1-5). These structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including infrared (IR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), quantum-mechanics-based computational analysis of NMR chemical shifts, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 4 and 5 showed inhibitory activities against NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with IC50 values of 5.1 and 9.3 μM, compared to positive control indomethacin (IC50 33.6 μM). These dimeric eremophilane sesquiterpenoids may be potential markers for discriminating this species from the genus Syringa and the Oleaceae family.

The complete chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang from Qinghai Province, China

Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis (Rupr.) P. S. Green & M. C. Chang (Oleaceae) is a shrub or tree with high medicinal value as well as great ecological significance as an urban garden plant. To better understand the molecular genetics and evolutionary of S. reticulata subsp. amurensis, its complete chloroplast genome was sequenced and annotated. The assembled chloroplast genome is a circular 156,141 bp sequence, consisting of 87,108 bp large single copy (LSC) region and 17,239 bp small single copy (SSC) region, which were flanked by a pair of 25,897 bp inverted repeats (IRs). The GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.14%. Moreover, a total of 132 functional genes were annotated, including 88 protein-coding, 36 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. reticulata subsp. amurensis was most closely related to S. reticulata subsp. Pekinensis and the genus Syringa is paraphyletic group. This study provides important information for further phylogenetic studies on S. reticulata subsp. amurensis and its allies.

PROSPECTS CREATION OF MONYCULTURAL GARDEN OF SYRINGA (SYRINGA L.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE «LANDYZHINSKY НAY» DENDROLOGICAL PARK

According to the conducted comparative-literary analysis of scientific sources on studying of foreign experience of cultivation of species of the genus Syringa L. the design decision of a monocultural garden of a lilac on the basis of arboretum «Ladyzhinsky hay» is created. The analysis of the condition of the existing plantations of the arboretum, which is used by the Ladyzhyn City Council, is carried out and the potential possibilities of forming a monocultural lilac garden are assessed. The main result of the work is a scientifically sound project decision on the formation of a recreational area with elements of the dendrological plan of the site «Ladyzhinsky hay», as well as an explanatory note with project solutions for landscaping and landscaping of the studied arboretum. Scientific and experimental studies were performed on the basis of processed and analyzed materials of park management in the dendrological park «Ladyzhinsky hay» in Ladyzhyn, Vinnytsia region, in particular, existing planting plans, descriptions and photos, as well as on the basis of own field research. The selection of the range of plants in accordance with the edapho-climatic conditions of the region, as well as taking into account the specifics of the allotted area. The recommended selection of plants will enrich the color scheme of the monoculture garden of lilac by introducing ornamental flowering shrubs from the most characteristic members of the genus Syringa L. The balance of the site № 21 (92% of the total area), the lawn will cover an area of 1100 m2 (5% of the total area), 3% of the total area (600 m2) will be allocated for the area of paved paths.

Phytochemical study of leaves of the genus <i>Syringa</i> L. species

The work is devoted to the phytochemical study of the leaves of various species of the genus Syringa. They are promising sources of raw material containing flavonoids. The leaves of S. vulgaris, S. josikaea, S. amurensis, S. microphylla, S. villosa and S. sweginzovii were selected for the experiment. Rutin was found in the studied extracts of lilac leaves. The bathochromic shift of the long-wave band in the UV spectra of the solutions of the studied extracts indicates the presence of flavonoids. Under the conditions of differential spectrophotometry, the maximal absorption was detected at the range of 406-412 nm of plant raw material. The total flavonoids at the wavelength of 412 nm calculated on rutin in all the studied samples varies from 1.43% to 2.92%.

Characteristic and phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast genome for Syringa komarowii C.K.Schneid. (Oleaceae) from Huoditang, China, an important horticultural plant

The genus Syringa (Oleaceae) comprises some of the most important cultivated horticultural trees worldwide. Syringa komarowii, is one of these important horticultural plants. We sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of S. komarowii (previously identified as var. reflexa) using Illumina Hiseq X Ten platform. The cp genome exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with 158,020 bp in length, which consists of two copies of inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,676 bp) separated by a large single copy (LSC) region (87,628 bp) and a small single copy (SSC) region (19,040 bp). The cp genome of S. komarowii encodes a total of 132 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis resolved that S. komarowii in a clade with S. wolfii and S. yunnanensis. The ML tree also showed Syringa appeared more closely related to Ligustrum than to the other genera in the Oleaceae.

Identification of suitable reference genes for studies of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl.

Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. (Oleaceae) is a species of shrub with a limited distribution in China. Several chemical compounds with pharmacological effects have been isolated from S. pinnatifolia, including new lignans and sesquiterpenes. Studies of gene expression in this species require the identification of suitable reference genes that are stably expressed under different conditions and in different tissues. To identify candidate reference genes, here we used the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms to analyze the stability of 12 candidate genes. The geometric mean of the rankings generated with these algorithms was used to obtain a comprehensive ranking. TBP and PP2A were found to be appropriate reference genes for calli treated with different external stimuli, and TIP41 and TBP were found to be appropriate reference genes in differentiated tissues. When calli and differentiated tissues were considered together, TBP and TIP41 were found to be the most reliable reference genes. The selected genes were validated by analysis of HMGR expression in calli and differentiated tissues. This study is the first to screen candidate reference genes in the genus Syringa and could help guide future molecular studies in this genus.

Present and perspective cultivars of Syringa L. for greening the city of Novosibirsk

There is a need to correct a historical imbalance of ornamental shrubs and, in particular, hybrids and cultivars of genus Syringa L. in the city of Novosibirsk. Recent ambitious projects of reconstruction of the present green areas and creating the new ones have enhanced the relevance of testing the cultivars which have been conducted at the CSBG SB RAS for 35 years. In order to study further the features of biology and freeze resistance under continental climate of the south of West Siberia, CSBG’s collection was completed with 54 new samples of cultivars of genus Syringa from 5 botanical institutions and nursery gardens located in the different climatic zones.

The resource role of flowering woody plants in increasing the insects biological diversity

The aim of the study was to assess the resource role of flowering woody plants in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region during the flowering period of woody plants from the Oleaceae family of the genus Syringa: S. josikaea J. and S. vulgaris L. Insects were collected by mowing with an entomological net in the crowns and under-crown space. The flowering of plants attracted insects from more than 25 families from 7 orders. The largest number of insects belonged to the order Thysanoptera 79.2%, followed by representatives of the orders Hemiptera (7.1%) and Diptera (6.4%). The entomological faunas of S. josikaea and S. vulgaris differed significantly in their taxonomic composition, insects abundance, and their association with flowering periods. Low coefficients of similarity and high power of the factor “plant species” influence on biological diversity and the insects number were revealed. S. josikaea played a more significant role in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. Research showed that insects are associated with a certain species of woody plant.

Advances on terpenoids from genus Syringa

Syringa plants are of important value in ornamental, economic and medical fields. The terpenoids in Syringa plants mainly include iridoids, sesquiterpenoids, and triterpenoids, most showing activities such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-flu virus, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation effects. Among the above active compounds, sesquiterpenoids have attracted increasing attention. In this review, the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Syringa terpenoids were summarized in order to provide an overview for further research and development of Syringa plants.

Ecological and biological assessment of species of the genus Syringa L. for use in the green building of the Orel region

The article presents by results of ecological and biological assessment of 13 species of the genus Syringa L. of genetic collection of the arboretum of VNIISPK (Orel region) on following indicators: degree of hardiness (frost resistance), state after overwintering and summer months, resistance to pests, assessment of the decorativeness. As a result of the investigations Syringa L. species were revealed as the most promising ones: S. amurensis Rupr., S. Komarovii Schneid., S. velutina Кom., S. vulgaris L., S. josikaea Jacq, S. henryi Schneid. These of the species can be recommended for modern green building in the conditions of Central Chernozem region of the Russian Federation, including in Orel and the Orel region.

Phytochemical and pharmacological progress on genus Syringa

The genus Syringa, belonging to the family Oleaceae, are distributed naturally in the European and Asian regions.This genus is composed of more than 20 species worldwide, among which about 16 species including 10 endemic ones are discovered in China.The Syringa sp.are extensively used as herbal medicine and ornamental aspects, such as the roots and stems of S. pinnatifolia, which is one of the typical Mongolian folk medicines in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms. As a continuous research following the previous summary in 2015, the present reriew describes the phytochemical and pharmacological progress of the genus, which hopes to provide a valuable reference to its research, development and clinic application.