Synthetic Sponge Research Articles

Magnesium sulphate and cervical ripening: A biomechanical double-blind, randomized comparison between a synthetic polyvinyl sponge with and without magnesium sulphate

Lamicel is a commercially available synthetic polyvinyl sponge impregnated with magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4), used to soften and dilate the cervix. To investigate whether magnesium sulphate contributes to the effect of Lamicel, forty-one pregnant nulliparous patients who underwent a first trimester abortion were allocated to three to four hours pre-operative treatment with either Lamicel or the same type of tent without magnesium sulphate. The ripening effect on the cervix was measured biomechanically. Lamicel produced a cervical dilatation and ripeness equal to the syntetic tent without MgSO 4. The two pretreated groups together showed a significantly (p<0.05) more favourable cervix compared to a control group of 40 patient.

成人のそしゃくリズムの経時的変化および味覚刺激による影響について

Surface EMG activities in the masseter muscle were recorded from 8 healthy men with normal permanent dentition during habitual chewing of a small cube of synthetic cellulose sponge which had absorbed distilled water. Three parameters of chewing rhythm, viz., cycle time, duration, and interval, were shown as the respective averages of 40 measurements of the EMG traces of a masticatory series of 42 consecutive chewing strokes. Twenty-five recording sessions, in each of which the above masticatory series were repeated 10 times in a day with a 5 minutes' recess between each series, were performed on a subject during continuous 25 days. The amount of scatter in the distribution of 25 cycle time values was great at the 1st masticatory series, gradually decreased to reach a node relatively free from the dispersion at the 5th series, and then gradually increased from the 6th to 10th series. The same phenomenon was observed in all 8 subjects, although there was a small difference among them in the number of the series where the node was apparent. The average of 5 cycle time values was used to compare in the same subject the effect of chewing the cellulose sponge which had absorbed one of the 4 basic taste solutions with the effect of chewing that which had absorbed distilled water. The average value while chewing the sponge which had absorbed 1 M saccharose was significantly lower in the subjects who obtained a relatively large average value during distilled water sponge-chewing, whereas it was significantly greater in those who obtained a relatively small average value while chewing the sponge which had absorbed distilled water. The other 3 taste stimuli induced a significant increase in the average value in most subjects.

Efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in raccoons (Procyon lotor).

Raccoon rabies exists in epizootic proportions in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, but efficacious oral vaccines for control of rabies in this important vector have not been previously demonstrated. Alternatively, a vaccinia recombinant virus vaccine (V-RG) expressing the ERA (Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth) rabies virus glycoprotein was highly immunogenic for laboratory animals and raccoons by the intradermal, intramuscular, and oral routes. Raccoons that ate a synthetic sponge bait containing 1.0 mL (10(8) pfu/mL) of V-RG were completely (eight of eight) or 80% (eight of 10) protected from challenge with street rabies virus at 30 and 205 days after ingestion, respectively. In laboratory contact trials limited V-RG transmission occurred between animals that were rabies seronegative and those that were orally immunized and seropositive. After ingestion of bait, V-RG virus was recovered from buccal mucosa, tonsil, and parotid or submandibular lymph nodes of raccoons within 24-48 hours of oral immunization but not thereafter. Adult and immature raccoons showed no adverse clinical signs or gross or microscopic lesions attributable to V-RG vaccination at any time.

Toxic shock syndrome associated with use of a nasal tampon

Toxic shock syndrome has been noted to occur with nasal surgery, both with and without packing. A new synthetic sponge, described as a nasal tampon, has become available for use as packing after surgery. Herein is reported the first case of toxic shock syndrome associated with the use of this nasal tampon.

Surface energies and the bone induction principle.

The macroscopic and histologic sequence of events in the induction of ectopic bone formation by porous demineralized bone and by synthetic porous sponges of poly-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (poly-HEMA) is described and reviewed. The observed relationship between the yield of new bone generated, and in vitro calcification, with the zeta potential, seems to parallel the connection between general adhesion in biologic systems and the critical surface tension. Consistent with experimental findings over the years, the bone induction principle (BIP) is probably associated with porous, mechanically suitable, hydrophilic materials with a high polar surface energy. It can be inferred that such surfaces are exposed when bone is suitably demineralized and treated, as has been reported. The discovery of noncollagenous proteins that are important to the BIP may be viewed in this light. Local heterogeneities on cellular surfaces are known to be important but are not detected by macroscopic techniques. It is suggested, following Lerchental, that induced stresses in the cell membranes cause a redistribution of surface charges that increases the local surface energy. This may lead therefore to an agglomeration and alignment of cells, as a response to the stress, accompanied by differentiation, as well.

Intrapedal cutans — experimental production of depositional (illuviation) channel argillans

The experimental technique described aims to simulate the formation of depositional (illuviation) channel argillans. Rapid replication under relatively controlled and standardised conditions has been achieved with a simple soil/water/gravity model using synthetic sponges as an analogue to soil. Channel argillans are formed by additions, drop by drop, to the lips of the holes drilled through the sponges. The clay suspensions are allowed to slowly slip under gravity over the wetted interface of the holes (channels or tubular pores). After the required number of cycles of translocation and deposition, the sponges with their channel argillans can be impregnated and serially sectioned using standard micropedological techniques.

FORMATION OF GRANULATION TISSUE IN SUBCUTANEOUSLY IMPLANTED SPONGES IN RATS

A comparison was made between the granulation tissue formation in two different synthetic sponge types. Visella and Ivalon, of different sizes. The granulation tissue formed in the two sponge types did not differ qualitatively, and had the character of wound tissue and inflammatory tissue in man. The rate of tissue formation in the Visella sponges was faster and the tissue was more homogenous than in the Ivalon sponges. Fourteen-day-old Visella implants of either size contained more granulation tissue than Ivalon sponges, probably owing to the smaller pore size of the former material. This may also account for the more frequent occurrence of giant cells in the Visella implants. In contrast to the Visella sponges, the trabeculae of the Ivalon polymer showed calcification and positive staining properties with histological staining procedures, and deformation was frequent among the Ivalon implants. Thin sponges of either type closed in about 21 days, thick ones after about 42 days of implantation. Calculated per 2 cm3 of implant, thin sponges produced more tissue after 14 days of implantation than thick noes. It is concluded that the Visella sponge type is best suitable for this experimental model of inflammation.

Side‐Hole Suction for Ear Surgery

Surgical trauma to the soft tissue of the external ear canal and middle ear increases inflammation and scarring. A side-hole suction tip has been found to minimize suction-tip trauma, preclude the need to aspirate through synthetic sponge or cotton, and facilitate graft placement.

An age-dependent determination of lysosomal enzyme activities, as well as the measurements on the incorporation of 14-C-proline and 14-C-glucosamine in a subcutaneously implanted polyether sponge.

Synthetic sponge (polyether) was implanted in the subcutis of male albino rats of 3 age groups: 6 weeks old, 9 months old and 20–22 months old. Morphological and biological examinations were made on the granulation tissue which migrated into it. As parameters for the inter-cellular catabolic process, the activity measurements of the &lt;i&gt;β-&lt;/i&gt;glucuronidase, &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin D and a collagen catabolic enzyme were conducted. The incorporation rate of &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-glucosamine and &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-ρroline served as an indicator for the synthesis mechanisms. In addition to this, the DNA content of the sponge was determined. The measurements of all the above-named parameters were made 14, 21 and 30 days after the implantation, on the sponge implanted in the paravertebral subcutis. The results demonstrate that, depending on the duration of implantation as well as on the age of the animal, distinct alterations of the examined parameters take place. A correlation of the various parameters to one another could not be established. The findings were discussed in relation to those found in the literature.

Heterotopic Bone Formation in a Synthetic Sponge

Heterotopic Bone Formation in a Synthetic Sponge

Heterotopic bone formed in a synthetic sponge in the skin of young pigs.

WE have found that when pieces of a synthetic sponge are implanted into the skin of young pigs, bone forms in the interstices of the implant within 9 to 13 weeks.

Plastic Surgery of Nose (ed 2).

The first edition of this book was published in 1951 and was a thorough and detailed study of surgical procedures involving the nose. It included reconstruction of war injuries and deformities from neoplastic, traumatic, radiation, congenital, and other causes. Each procedure is well illustrated both anatomically and surgically. Preoperative and postoperative photographs of patients showed the results of these procedures. The second edition is not a revision but a reprinting of the first edition, and the only addition is a chapter on the use of some of the new synthetics for implantation purposes. A description on the use of cartilage and bone is given. The synthetics described are Teflon, the silicones, and synthetic sponges. The principal sponge materials are silicone Etheron, and Ivalon. The properties and characteristics are listed with advantages and disadvantages. The author concludes that in our present state of knowledge it is probably best to consider an

Greek Sponge Boats in Florida

This is the story of the cultural crisis of the Kaliope, a sponge boat operating out of the Greek sponge fishing community at Tarpon Springs, Florida. Data for this study was gathered during a summer field trip in 1963, and in two weeks which were spent at sea with the craft. Essentially, we are dealing here with the social structure of the boat, especially the division of labor and the main principle of organization which I have chosen to call specialization sets. The Kaliope is one of thirteen diving boats now operating out of Tarpon Springs, Florida. It is part of a fleet which today represents a remnant of a fleet of sponging craft once numbering eighty-five; a fleet which represented an extension in a borrowed home of two millenia of Greek sponge fishing in the islands of the Aegean; and a fleet which now flounders in its new home, as it does in Greece, against the reef of technological progress, the synthetic sponge. The development of the sponge fishing industry in Tarpon Springs began when one John K. Cheyney, a Philadelphia banker with large land interests in the then new town on the Gulf coast of Florida, decided that sponging would be a good way to put Tarpon Springs on the map, economically. He had noticed the spearing and hooking of sponges going on around Key West and thought that Tarpon Springs, with its proximity to northern commercial routes and outlets, and its naturally protected river harbor would be ideal for the creation of a sponge fishing center to supplant the Key West center. His efforts failed, however, for fully nine years until the outbreak of the SpanishAmerican War at which time the boats around the Keys and in the Caribbean began working out of Tarpon as a precaution against meeting the Spanish war fleet. The first Greek in Tarpon Springs, John Cocoris, arrived in 1896 as a sponge buyer for a firm of sponge merchants in New

Temporary closure of a granulating burn wound with a synthetic sponge

Temporary closure of a granulating burn wound with a synthetic sponge

Temporary closure of a granulating burn wound with a synthetic sponge

Temporary closure of a granulating burn wound with a synthetic sponge

Konservering af en oldtidsmand

Konservering af en oldtidsmand

Some New Rheological Phenomena and their Significance for the Constitution of Materials

THE materials studied in rheology are of varied constitution, with intricate patterns of constituent components of visible, colloidal, molecular, atomic and sub-atomic sizes. The patterns range from a coarse-grained type in which a discontinuous structure is apparent, to a fine-grained one which appears homogeneous and continuous to the eye and even to the microscope ; the former type is represented by biological tissues, textile materials, natural and synthetic sponges, foams, powders, timber, cement, etc., and the latter by gases, amorphous liquids and solids, single crystals, etc. In the engineering constructions of Nature and man, widespread use is made of coarse- and fine-grained materials, and this invites an investigation into their mechanical properties as exhibited in changes of volume and form, and into the relation between these properties and the constitution of the materials.