Synthetic Polymeric Materials Research Articles

Application of Polymer Sheets in the Conditions of Southern Kyrgyzstan

One of the strategic directions in Kyrgyzstan is accelerated housing construction, as well as modernization and acceleration of construction work, based on modern innovative building materials and technologies. In the modern world, a special place is occupied by the rapid development of industrial, highly innovative, waste-free technologies, such as synthetic and natural polymer materials, to create a variety of architectural and construction products. This includes the use of polymeric materials derived from both synthetic and natural sources in the creation of a variety of architectural elements. Research into trends in the development and use of polymer sheets in architectural and construction practice is especially important in the context of Southern Kyrgyzstan, demonstrating their effectiveness in the region. The issues of analysis and effective use of polymer sheets in the conditions of the South of Kyrgyzstan are considered.

Fluorophilic Sigma(σ)‐Lock Self‐Healable Copolymers

Although F‐containing molecules and macromolecules are often used in molecular biology to increase the binding with Lewis acidic groups by introducing favorable C‐F dipoles, there is virtually no experimental evidence and limited understanding of the nature of these interactions, especially their role in synthetic polymeric materials. These studies elucidate the molecular origin of inter‐ and intra‐chain interactions responsible for self‐healing of F‐containing copolymers composed of pentafluorostyrene and n‐butyl acrylate units (p(PFS/nBA). Guided by dynamic surface oscillating force (SOF) and spectroscopic measurements supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, these studies show that the reformation of σ‐σ orbitals in ‐C‐F of PFS and CH3CH2‐ of nBA units enables the recovery of entropic energy via flouorophilic‐σ‐lock van der Waals forces when PFS/nBA molar ratios are ~50/50. The strength of these interactions determined experimentally for self‐healable PFS/nBA compositions is in the order ~0.3 kcal/mol which primarily comes from flouorophilic‐σ‐lock (~70%) contributions. These interactions are significantly diminished for non‐self‐healable counterparts. Strongly polarized ‐C‐F σ orbitals create lateral dipolar forces enhancing the affinity towards ‐C‐H orbitals, facilitating energetically favorable interactions. Entropic recovery driven by non‐covalent bonding offers a valuable tool in designing materials with unique functionalities, particularly self‐healable batteries or other energy storage devices.

Fluorophilic Sigma(σ)-Lock Self-Healable Copolymers.

Although F-containing molecules and macromolecules are often used in molecular biology to increase the binding with Lewis acidic groups by introducing favorable C-F dipoles, there is virtually no experimental evidence and limited understanding of the nature of these interactions, especially their role in synthetic polymeric materials. These studies elucidate the molecular origin of inter- and intra-chain interactions responsible for self-healing of F-containing copolymers composed of pentafluorostyrene and n-butyl acrylate units (p(PFS/nBA). Guided by dynamic surface oscillating force (SOF) and spectroscopic measurements supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, these studies show that the reformation ofσ-σorbitals in -C-F of PFS and CH3CH2- of nBA units enables the recovery of entropic energy viaflouorophilic-σ-lockvan der Waals forces when PFS/nBA molar ratios are ~50/50. The strength of these interactions determined experimentally for self-healable PFS/nBA compositions is in the order ~0.3 kcal/mol which primarily comes fromflouorophilic-σ-lock(~70%) contributions. These interactions are significantly diminished for non-self-healable counterparts. Strongly polarized -C-Fσorbitals create lateral dipolar forces enhancing the affinity towards -C-H orbitals, facilitating energetically favorable interactions. Entropic recovery driven by non-covalent bonding offers a valuable tool in designing materials with unique functionalities, particularly self-healable batteries or otherenergy storage devices.

To what extent are wastewater treatment systems a gateway for microplastic particles in the aquatic and terrestrial environments?

Sewage treatment plants are designed to handle wastes that include several types of pollutants, including microplastics (MPs), which are synthetic polymer materials fragmented to sizes < 5 mm. Investigating the abundance and removal efficiency rates of MPs in wastewater treatment plants is important because the water body to which plant effluents are discharged may be adversely affected by the released MPs. Therefore, the abundance, characteristics, and removal of MPs at two sewage treatment plants located on the southwest coast of Norway are studied. Twenty-four samples were collected across two sampling sessions by using an ad hoc-designed plastic-free water sampling device, which was improved by applying a cascade of certified stainless-steel sieves. A combined sequence of enzymatic and strong oxidative incubations was performed for sample preparation. The obtained samples were chemically characterized and quantified using thermoanalytical techniques. The overall amounts of polymers in the inlet wastewater and outlet water were 366-616 μg/L and 34-57 μg/L, respectively, indicating an approximate MPs removal efficiency of 78%-85%. Polyethylene (≈ 36%-68%), polypropylene (≈ 7%-48%), polystyrene (≈ 5%-6%), polyvinyl chloride (≈ 15%-26%), polyamide (≈ 2%), polymethacrylate (≈ 3%-4%), polycarbonate (≈ 2%), and polyethylene terephthalate (≈ 9%-32%) were detected in the investigated samples. In biosolids, the overall quantity of MPs was 3.8-5.5 mg/g dry weight across the two investigated sewage treatment plants. Polyethylene (≈ 24%-44%), followed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (≈ 11%-16%), and polyamide (≈ 2%-22%) were the most commonly recurring polymer types. The outcomes of this study indicate that MPs are removed efficiently from wastewaters. However, large amounts of MPs accumulate in biosolids. Therefore, sludge dumping management procedures need to be improved to lower the amount of MPs released into the environment through effluents and biosolids.

Effects of soil conditioners on vineyard saline soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community in arid areas

AbstractSoil salinization adversely affects soil quality and ecosystem. Many researches have tried to ameliorate saline soils by soil conditioners. However, little is known about the differences in the responses of soil bacterial communities to natural and artificial conditioners applied to saline soils. Therefore, in this study, the effects of natural humic acid (IK), synthetic polymer (IP), and composite material (IF) (mixture of IK and IP (1:1)) on bacterial community structure and functional genes in saline soil were evaluated to clarify their differences. The results showed that the application of the three soil conditioners significantly reduced soil pH and Na+ content but increased soil alkaline phosphatase, urease, invertase and catalase activities, bacterial diversity, and nutrients, compared to the control (no conditioner). IK application increased bacterial relative abundance (e.g., Subgroup_6, RB41, MND1, and KD4‐96) and metabolic functions (e.g., Two‐component system and Biosynthesis of amino acids) by increasing soil nitrogen and maintaining K+ and Na+ balance. IP application increased soil alkaline phosphatase and urease activities as well as bacterial relative abundance (e.g., Subgroup_6, RB41, MND1, Gemmatimonadaceae, and KD4‐96) and metabolic functions (e.g., Quorum sensing and carbon metabolism) by increasing soil organic carbon/nitrogen content. IF application increased the bacterial relative abundance of Subgroup_6, RB41, and MND1 by increasing soil available nitrogen and regulated their metabolic pathways (e.g., ABC transporters and microbial metabolism). On the whole, IK, IP, and IF could regulate the structure and function of soil bacterial community in saline soils. This study clarifies difference in the effects of different soil conditioners on the amelioration of saline soils from the perspective of soil microbiology, and provides a reference for the amelioration of saline soils in arid areas.

Overview of biodegradable polymers: synthesis, modification and application

Biodegradable polymeric represents a growing field. Owing to their wide-ranging properties, both synthetic and natural polymeric materials perform a vital and ubiquitous role in everyday life. Amended natural polymeric materials such as starch, cellulose, lignin, chitosan, cottonseed shell (CTS), and cotton gin trash (CGT) have enhanced properties, while synthetic Biodegradable polymeric materials such as poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), biodegradable plastics, biodegradable foams. Bioplastics are a kind of polymers able to be degraded by different microorganisms to small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, and CH4). Bioplastics are observed to solve waste materials and biodegradability is just a new material to be exploited at the end of its life in specific terms. They should be used for applications that require cheap methods to dispose of items after it has fulfilled their job (e.g., for food packaging, agriculture, or medical products).

Constructing amidoxime adsorption sites on the core-shell structured natural silk protein for uranium capture

Amidoxime-based fiber adsorbents hold significant promise for uranium extraction. However, a notable issue is that these adsorbents primarily originate from synthetic polymer materials, which, aside from providing good mechanical support, have no other functions. In recent study, we shifted our focus to silk fiber (SF), a natural protein fiber known for its unique core-shell structure and rich amino acids. The shell layer, due to its abundant functional groups, makes it easily modifiable, while the core layer provides excellent mechanical strength. Leveraging these inherent properties, an amidoxime-based fiber adsorbent was developed. This adsorbent utilizes amino and carboxyl groups for enhanced performance synergistically. This method involves establishing uranium affinity sites on the outer sericin layer of SF via chemical initiation of graft polymerization (CIGP) and amidoximation (SF-g-PAO). The water absorption ratio of SF-g-PAO is as high as 601.16 % (DG = 97.17 %). Besides, SF-g-PAO demonstrates an exceptional adsorption capacity of 15.69 mg/g in simulated seawater, achieving a remarkable removal rate of uranyl ions at 95.06 %. It can withstand a minimum of five adsorption-elution cycles. Over a 4-week period in natural seawater, SF-g-PAO displayed an adsorption capacity of 4.95 mg/g. Furthermore, SF-g-PAO also exhibits impressive uranium removal efficiency in real nuclear wastewater, with a removal rate of 63 % in just 15 min and a final removal rate of 90 %. It is hoped that this SF-g-PAO, prepared through this straightforward method and characterized by the synergistic action of amino and carboxyl groups, can offer innovative insights into the development of uranium extraction adsorbents.

Polyethersulfone Polymer for Biomedical Applications and Biotechnology.

Polymers stand out as promising materials extensively employed in biomedicine and biotechnology. Their versatile applications owe much to the field of tissue engineering, which seamlessly integrates materials engineering with medical science. In medicine, biomaterials serve as prototypes for organ development and as implants or scaffolds to facilitate body regeneration. With the growing demand for innovative solutions, synthetic and hybrid polymer materials, such as polyethersulfone, are gaining traction. This article offers a concise characterization of polyethersulfone followed by an exploration of its diverse applications in medical and biotechnological realms. It concludes by summarizing the significant roles of polyethersulfone in advancing both medicine and biotechnology, as outlined in the accompanying table.

Composite or Modified Hydroxyapatite Microspheres as Drug Delivery Carrier for Bone and Tooth Tissue Engineering.

Since hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an important constituent of bone and teeth, it has excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, good osteoconductive effects and the ability to induce bone formation as a material for bone or tooth repair and replacement. At present, widely used HAp microspheres have some characteristics, such as large specific surface area, light mass, good injection properties, good fluidity, and low aggregation ability, but they are difficult to really meet the biological and clinical needs due to their own mechanical property defects, such as low strength, brittleness, and poor plasticity. Based on the current research status of HAp microspheres, we summarize the research progress of various types of composite microspheres, including inorganic materials, natural polymer materials and synthetic polymer materials, and further analyze the advantages of HAp composite microspheres loaded with drug molecules, proteins and bioactive factors, so as to explore the development prospect of HAp composite microspheres as scaffolds for constructing sustained release systems. It provides a theoretical basis and research direction to prepare HAp composite micro-spheres with superior comprehensive properties so that they can be better applied in bone tissue regeneration and tooth regeneration engineering.

Material matters: Degradation products affect regenerating Schwann cells

Devices to treat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) must balance many considerations to effectively guide regenerating nerves across a gap and achieve functional recovery. To enhance efficacy, design features like luminal fillers have been explored extensively. Material choice for PNI devices is also critical, as the determining factor of device mechanics, and degradation rate and has increasingly been found to directly impact biological response. This study investigated the ways in which synthetic polymer materials impact the differentiation state and myelination potential of Schwann cells, peripheral nerve glia. Microporous substrates of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 85:15, or PLGA 50:50 were chosen, as materials already used in nerve repair devices, representing a wide range of mechanics and degradation profiles. Schwann cells co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons on the substrates expressed more mature myelination proteins (MPZ) on PLGA substrates compared to PCL. Changes to myelination and differentiation state of glia were reflected in adhesion proteins expressed by glia, including β-dystroglycan and integrin α6, both laminin binding proteins. Importantly, degradation products of the polymers affected glial expression independently of direct attachment. Fast degrading PLGA 50:50 substrates released measurable amounts of degradation products (lactic acid) within the culture period, which may push Schwann cells towards glycolytic metabolism, decreasing expression of early transcription factors like sox10. This study shows the importance of understanding not only material effects on attachment, but also on cellular metabolism which drives myelination responses.

Hygroscopy as an Indicator of Specific Surface Area in Polymer Materials.

Specific surface area (SSA) is an integral characteristic of the interfacial surface in poly-disperse systems, widely used for the assessment of technological properties in polymer materials and composites. Hygroscopic water content (Wh) is an obligate indicator of dispersed materials prior to any analysis of their chemical composition. This study links both indicators for the purpose of the express assessment of SSA using widely available Wh data, on the example of natural (starch, cellulose) and synthetic (acrylic hydrogels) polymer materials. The standard BET analysis of SSA using water vapor desorption was chosen as a reference method. In contrast to the known empirical correlations, this study is based on the fundamental thermodynamic theory of the disjoining water pressure for the connection of the analyzed quantities. The statistical processing of the results for the new methodology and the standard BET method showed their good compliance in a wide range of SSA from 200 to 900 m2/g. The most important methodological conclusion is the possibility of an accurate physically based calculation of hydrophilic SSA in polymer materials using their Wh data at a known relative humidity in the laboratory.

3D-printed PCL@BG scaffold integrated with SDF-1α-loaded hydrogel for enhancing local treatment of bone defects

BackgroundThe long-term nonunion of bone defects is always a difficult problem in orthopaedics treatment. Artificial bone implants made of polymeric materials are expected to solve this problem due to their suitable degradation rate and good biocompatibility. However, the lack of mechanical strength, low osteogenic induction ability and poor hydrophilicity of these synthetic polymeric materials limit their large-scale clinical application.ResultsIn this study, we used bioactive glass (BG) (20%, W/W) and polycaprolactone (PCL, 80%, W/W) as raw materials to prepare a bone repair scaffold (PCL@BG20) using fused deposition modelling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Subsequently, stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) chemokines were loaded into the PCL@BG20 scaffold pores with gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. The experimental results showed that the prepared scaffold had a porous biomimetic structure mimicking that of cancellous bone, and the compressive strength (44.89 ± 3.45 MPa) of the scaffold was similar to that of cancellous bone. Transwell experiments showed that scaffolds loaded with SDF-1α could promote the recruitment of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In vivo data showed that treatment with scaffolds containing SDF-1α and BG (PCL@BG-GelMA/SDF-1α) had the best effect on bone defect repair compared to the other groups, with a large amount of new bone and mature collagen forming at the bone defect site. No significant organ toxicity or inflammatory reactions were observed in any of the experimental groups.ConclusionsThe results show that this kind of scaffold containing BG and SDF-1α serves the dual functions of recruiting stem cell migration in vivo and promoting bone repair in situ. We envision that this scaffold may become a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

Characteristics of Bioplastics with Addition of Beeswax and Glucomannan

Packaging for cheese products usually uses plastic with a polymer base. Plastic is divided into two types: plastic made from synthetic polymer raw materials (difficult to decompose) and plastic made from natural polymer raw materials. The impact of using plastic with synthetic polymer materials, or what is usually called commercial plastic, will cause a buildup of waste and result in environmental pollution, so a solution for packaging using bioplastic is needed. This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of bioplastics with the addition of beeswax and glucomannan. By examining the variables of thickness, water resistance, water vapor permeability, biodegradability, tensile strength, and elongation, we will analyze the characteristics of bioplastics that have been enhanced with beeswax and glucomannan. The results showed that the addition of beeswax and glucomannan had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on thickness, water vapor permeability, biodegradability, tensile strength, and elongation. However, the addition of beeswax and glucomannan had a significant effect (p > 0.05) on water resistance. The addition of beeswax and glucomannan also increased (p <0.05) the results of water resistance and tensile strength while reducing (p <0.05) the results of thickness, water vapor permeability, biodegradability, and bioplastic elongation. It can be concluded that beeswax and glucomannan are able to provide strong bioplastic characteristics and have protective properties for products with a longer shelf life at room temperature.

Synthetic polymer materials and their potential applications in treating battlefield injuries

Synthetic polymer materials and their potential applications in treating battlefield injuries

Anion Exchange Membrane Functionalized by Phenol-formaldehyde Resins: Ion Exchange Capacity, Electrical Properties, Chemical Stability, Permeability, and All-iron Flow Battery

An anion exchange membrane (AEM) is a type of selectively permeable membrane that facilitates the movement of negatively charged ions while impeding the passage of positively charged ions. These membranes are designed to selectively transport anions across them based on their charge and size. They are commonly used in various electrochemical devices and processes, such as fuel cells, electrodialysis, electrolysis, water treatment, and other applications requiring ion exchange. These membranes are typically made from synthetic polymer materials with positively charged functional groups that attract and transport anions while repelling cations. They are used for selection, conduction, and stabilizing the ion anion exchange phenomena. We recently released a study on the creation of a quick and easy approach to creating an AEM with increased ionic conduction capacity and good alkaline stability. The technique's simplicity makes it a desirable substitute for conventional methods. By using this approach, the carcinogenic reagent often employed for AEM preparation—chloromethyl methyl ether—is avoided. Membrane surfaces appeared to be rather homogeneous in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures. Water content, ion exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity all improved as the amount of ion-exchange material in the casting fluid increased. The Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) of the membranes revealed thermal stability up to 150°C which shows that these membranes are ideal for applications in that temperature range. The composite membranes exhibited enhanced chemical stability in strong chemical environments and this can be attributed to the resonance stabilized guanidine group as negative ion-exchange site. By considering the AC impedance data, the conductivity measurements showed a marked enhancement in conductivity by increasing the content of ion-exchange material. Galvanostatic charged discharge tests were used to examine the electrochemical performance of an all-iron redox flow cell, and the system demonstrated a columbic efficiency of 80% during the repeated charge-discharge cycles. The findings of this work provide a compelling alternative to the established methods for the synthesis of AEMs.

Analysis of tensile strength of composite fiber reinforced with areca Nut Skin Fiber using BQTN 157 EX Resin

In the development of materials science, especially polymers, natural fibers such as areca nut shell fiber are increasingly attractive to use. The use of synthetic polymer materials made from fiber can replace conventional materials such as metal, wood and leather. They can replace conventional materials with the advantages of lower price, environmental friendliness, and recyclability. Areca nut shell fiber, as an example of a natural fiber, has great potential in the furniture industry, crafts, and as an ingredient in traditional medicine. This fiber is used as a reinforcing material in composites with an Unsaturated Polyester Yukalac resin matrix. Unsaturated Polyester Yukalac resin, with characteristics such as stiffness, flexibility, water resistance, chemical resistance and weather resistance, is used as a matrix in making composites. The aim of this research is to make a plastic composite prototype reinforced with areca palm fiber, varying the volume fraction of areca nut shell fiber by 30%:50%, 50%:60%, 70%:70%, 90%:80% and for the matrix using polyester resin. BQTN 157 EX. The fiber composition is arranged in a mold in the same direction using the hand lay up method. Composite testing is in the form of a tensile test referring to the ASTM 638-03 standard. The results of the largest tensile testing process were with a volume fraction of 50% with an average value of 7.11 MPa, and for tensile testing the lowest was a volume fraction of 70% with an average value of 6.17 MPa, it can be concluded for reinforced plastic composites Areca nut shell fiber has considerable ability to be applied as a structural material. This is a step towards the development of innovative and environmentally friendly composite materials for various industrial applications.

Exploiting Benefits of Vaterite Metastability to Design Degradable Systems for Biomedical Applications.

The widespread application of calcium carbonate is determined by its high availability in nature and simplicity of synthesis in laboratory conditions. Moreover, calcium carbonate possesses highly attractive physicochemical properties that make it suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications. This review provides a conclusive analysis of the results on using the tunable vaterite metastability in the development of biodegradable drug delivery systems and therapeutic vehicles with a controlled and sustained release of the incorporated cargo. This manuscript highlights the nuances of vaterite recrystallization to non-porous calcite, dissolution at acidic pH, biodegradation at in vivo conditions and control over these processes. This review outlines the main benefits of vaterite instability for the controlled liberation of the encapsulated molecules for the development of biodegradable natural and synthetic polymeric materials for biomedical purposes.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites with Crystalline Nanocellulose and Graphene Oxide: Experimental Results and Support Vector Machine Modeling.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) is a biodegradable and biocompatible bacterial copolymer used in the biomedical and food industries. However, it displays low stiffness and strength for certain applications. This issue can be solved via reinforcement with nanofillers. In this work, PHBHHx-based bionanocomposites reinforced with different loadings of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) and graphene oxide (GO) were developed by a green and straightforward solution casting technique. Their crystalline nature and surface topography were explored via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively, their composition was corroborated via Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their crystallization and melting behavior were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanofillers had a nucleating role, raising the crystallization temperature of the polymer, whilst hardly any changes were found in the melting temperature. Further, significant enhancements in the stiffness, strength, and thermal stability of the PHBHHx matrix were observed with the incorporation of both nanofillers, which was attributed to a synergic effect. The mechanical properties for various concentrations of CNC and GO were accurately predicted using a machine learning (ML) model in the form of a support vector machine (SVM). The model performance was evaluated in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE), the mean square error (MSE), and the correlation coefficient (R2). These bio-based nanocomposites are a valuable alternative to conventional petroleum-based synthetic polymeric materials used nowadays for biomedicine and food packaging applications.

Robust, Fully Biodegradable Films of Polyesters Realized by In Situ Formation of an Interconnected Multi-Nanolayer Structure under Extensional Flow.

Multilayer structures are not only applied to manipulate properties of synthetic polymer materials such as rainbow films and barrier films but also widely discovered in natural materials like nacre. In this work, in situ formation of an interconnected multi-nanolayer (IMN) structure in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) cocontinuous blends is designed by an extensional flow field during a "casting-thermal stretching" process, combining the properties of two components to a large extent. Hierarchical structures including phase morphology, crystal structure, and lamellar crystals in IMN films have been revealed, which clearly identifies the crucial role of extensional flow. The oriented PBAT phase in the IMN structure can be beneficial to the epitaxial growth of PBS crystals onto the PBAT nanolayers, thus improving interfacial adhesions. Furthermore, intense extensional stress can also promote crystallinity and thicken the lamellar structure. Given such distinct features in the fully biodegradable films, a simultaneous enhancement in tear strength, tensile strength, and puncture resistance has been achieved. To the best of our knowledge, the tear strength of IMN films about 285.9 kN/m is the highest level in the previous works of this system. Moreover, the proposed fabrication way of the IMN structure is facile and scalable, which is highly expected to be an efficient strategy for development of structured biodegradable polymers with excellent comprehensive properties.

Investigation of the Physicochemical Interactions and Modification Effects of Polyurethane on Asphalt Binder

Polyurethane (PU) is a synthetic polymeric material with excellent mechanical properties and chemical designability. An in-depth understanding of the synergetic effect between polyurethane and asphalt binder is needed to produce durable PU-modified asphalt paving materials. This study focuses on the physicochemical changes, the states of in situ synthesized PU, and the modification effects of PU after PU prepolymers and chain extenders are added into asphalt binder. Investigation methods involve the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, partial Corbett separation, confocal fluorescence microscopy, particle size distribution test, rheological test, and theoretical calculation. It was found that the incorporation of PU has no obvious chemical influence on the asphalt binder and the main working principle of PU modification is its physical dispersion in asphalt binder. In situ synthesized PU is uniformly dispersed in asphalt binder and the size distribution of PU particles follows a log-normal distribution. As PU content exceeds 15%, the formed PU particles in asphalt binder are noticeably enlarged. Moreover, PU modification leads to significant improvements in asphalt binder properties, including high-temperature rutting resistance, elastic recovery, and deformation resistance. Rheological experiments and theoretical calculations under the framework of suspension rheology indicate that PU-modified asphalt binder can be reasonably modeled as a bimodal solid particle suspension, and the dynamic viscosity of PU-modified asphalt binder is predominantly determined by the dynamic viscosity of the maltenes and the volume fractions of PU and asphaltenes.