Synthetic Glue Research Articles

Effect of four eggshell repair materials on weight loss during incubation of white leghorn chicken eggs.

Egg weight loss during incubation is a key indicator used to monitor successful egg development and is closely related to hatchability and chick survival. Artificial incubation is one of the most important captive breeding techniques used in conservation efforts to bolster avian populations. To repair damage to the eggshell and ensure embryonic viability during incubation, a variety of repair coverings can be applied. This study tested the impact of four repair materials (nail polish, synthetic glue, medical dressing, and molten wax film) on egg weight loss during incubation. We found no impact on weight loss for coverings smaller than 35% of the eggshell surface, nor did we find any differences between covering types. The average egg weight loss decreased as the coverage area increased, and the weight loss did not differ when blunt versus sharp-end coverings were compared. Given the relative insensitivity of egg weight loss and survival to the type of patch material used, we concluded that the selection of material for the purpose of weight loss management could be based on practical considerations, such as ease of application and availability.

Innovativeness in tradition: a study on the physical performance of leather scale armors during the Joseon Dynasty

During the Joseon Dynasty, light and convenient leather armors were developed to replace metal armors, which were heavy and difficult to manufacture. Leather armors allowed easy movement of the troops and, because arrows were the primary weapons at the time, provided them with protection. The excellent performance of leather armors can be attributed to their materials and manufacturing method. The scales of the leather armor relics are prepared by layering animal skins, attaching them with natural glue, and then coating their outer surface with lacquer. The lacquer extracted from the lacquer (Ott) tree is an excellent material with high strength, waterproofing and antiseptic properties, insect repellency, heat resistance, as well as chemical resistance. The superior performance of the leather scale was reported in old scripts; however, it has not been proven through scientific analysis and testing. Therefore, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties, impact resistance, and anti-stab performance of leather scales manufactured following the traditional method were investigated. The results confirmed the excellent protection, impact resistance, and mechanical properties of the leather specimens glued with fish glue and coated with lacquer compared to those of specimens glued with synthetic glue and uncoated specimens glued with fish glue. This study reveals the excellent properties of fish glue and lacquer, which enable them to be used in various industries.

Design, simulation and fabrication of non-spiral based fluxgate sensor on printed circuit board (PCB)

This paper presents performance characteristics of non-spiral planar excitation and pick-up micro-coils implemented for a fluxgate sensor with a NiFe magnetic rod core.Using Ansys Maxwell's software, the sensor performance is simulated. Magnetic flux[ϕ], magnetic flux density [B], magnetic field intensity [H], coupling coefficient, inductance [L] and magnetic energy [E] of the coils are simulated for a set of excitation currents. A simple, cost-effective and less complex fabrication method is implemented to fabricate the sensor using Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology. Non-spiral 5-turn fluxgate sensor of dimensions 50mmx 20mmx 0.5 mm [length × breadth × width] is fabricated and analysed at an excitation current with a fundamental frequency of 500 kHz. Two excitation coils and one pick-up coil are deposited on a horizontal PCB plane and NiFe rod type material is placed on it, which acts as the core. Synthetic glue is spread on the coils; it acts a insulator between the coils and the core. Copper is used for deposition of the both the excitation and pick-up coils. On applying different excitation current, the frequency response of the non-spiral fluxgate sensor is plotted. The sensor demonstrated earth magnetic field strength detection (∼25 μT).

Biliothoracic Fistula after Microwave Ablation of Liver Metastasis : Literature Review.

Microwave ablation is a safe and effective interventional approach, widely used in the treatment of unresectable primary or metastatic hepatic lesions. Thoracobiliary fistula is a rare postablation complication that can be treated with a conservative or surgical approach. We reviewed aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostic possibilities, and therapeutic options for biliothoracic fistula developed after microwave ablation of liver metastasis. Furthermore, we reported our experience of successful conservative management of a nonhealing thoracobiliary fistula occurred after percutaneous thermal ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Our case supports a conservative approach based on percutaneous biliary system decompression and synthetic glue embolization for the treatment of combined biliopleural and biliobronchial fistula.

Feasibility and safety of a new endoscopic synthetic sealant nebulizing device over gastric endoscopic submucosal dissections

BackgroundEndoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is the treatment of choice of superficial neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions. Delayed bleedings and perforations are still current clinical concerns. Glubran 2 is a synthetic cyanoacrylate-derived glue nowadays already widely used as an effective tissue adhesive. ENDONEB is a novel device thought for enabling the sealant nebulization over a specific targeted surface during laparotomy, laparoscopy, and thoracotomy. The aim of this single-center preclinical animal trial is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the same nebulization technique during ESD in the perspective that further clinical studies would demonstrate the efficacy of Glubran 2 in preventing post-ESD adverse events.MethodsFour live Landrace pigs were enrolled. Two approximately 30-mm-wide gastric ESDs were performed in each pig (experimental ESD and control ESD). About 0.5 mL of Glubran 2 was nebulized on the experimental ESDs. Subjective perception of the feasibility of the Glubran 2 nebulization was reported. Pigs were clinically monitored at follow-up and upper GI endoscopy was performed at 24 and 48 hours, when animals were euthanized to perform a macroscopic and histological analysis of the specimens.ResultsNo peri-procedural adverse events were reported. Glubran 2 nebulization over experimental ESDs showed to be technically easy and time-effective. Clinical and endoscopic animal monitoring was negative at follow-up. At 24 hours, the Glubran 2 film was clearly visible on the eschar of the ESDs and signs of initial hydrolysis were discernable at 48 hours. No signs of peritoneal reaction were observed at the macroscopic examination. Equal transmural inflammation was described at the histological examination of both types of ESDs.ConclusionsSafety and feasibility profiles of Glubran 2 nebulizing ENDONEB device over ESD surfaces were excellent. Further evidences and human trials are needed to investigate its effectiveness in ESDs’ eschars sealing and, thus, in delayed micro-perforations and bleedings prevention and treatment.

Glue mesh fixation in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: results at 3years' follow-up.

We assessed 3-year anatomic and functional results using synthetic glue to fix mesh in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Prospective multicenter cohort study in three academic urogynecology departments. Seventy consecutive patients with stage ≥ 3 POP-Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification) anterior and/or apical prolapse underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy using synthetic surgical glue to fix anterior and posterior meshes to the vagina. Patients were followed up at 1, 2 and 3years. Primary outcome was anterior and apical anatomic success (POP-Q stage ≤ 1) at 3years. Secondary outcomes comprised functional results (international quality of life and sexuality scales), mesh-related morbidity and urinary incontinence at 3years. Mean age was 56.7 ± 1.2years. Mean follow-up was 43months. Anterior compartment anatomic success rate was 87% at 2years (Ba, -2.4cm; p < 0.0001) and 86.5% at 3years (Ba, -2.3cm; p < 0.0001); apical success was 96.3% at 2years (C, -6.8cm; p < 0.0001) and 97.3% at 3years (C, -6.5cm; p < 0.0001). All quality-of-life scores improved significantly and lastingly at 3years: PFDI-20, PFIQ-7 and PISQ-12, respectively, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01. There was one case of vaginal mesh exposure at 3years (2.8%) and five of mesh shrinkage at 1year (7.8%), none at 2years and two at 3years (5.4%). Urinary incontinence rate was 29.7% at 1year, 14.8% at 2years and 11.1% at 3years. Vaginal mesh adhesive in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy remained effective at 3years, with excellent tolerance and no specific complications. Anatomic and functional results were good and enduring in terms of both anterior and apical correction.

Preparation and Evaluation of the Tensile Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Rod Reinforced 3D Printed Thermoplastic Composites

The most common method to fabricate both simple and complex structures in the additive manufacturing process is fused deposition modeling (FDM). Many researchers have studied the strengthening of FDM components by adding short carbon fibers (CF) or by reinforcing solid carbon fiber rods. In the current research, we sought to enhance the mechanical properties of FDM components by adding bioinspired solid CF rods during the fabrication process. An effective bonding interface of bioinspired CF rods and polylactic acid (PLA) was achieved by triangular interlocking sutures and by employing synthetic glue as the binding agent. In particular, the tensile strength of solid CF rod reinforced PLA samples was studied. Critical parameters such as layer thickness, extruder temperature, extruder speed, and shell thickness were considered for optimization. Significant process parameters were identified through leverage plots using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum parameters were found to be layer thickness of 0.04 mm, extruder temperature of 215 °C, extruder speed of 60 mm/s, and shell thickness of 1.2 mm. The results revealed that the bioinspired solid CF rod reinforced PLA (CFRPLA) composite exhibited a tensile strength of 82.06 MPa, which was approximately three times higher than the pure PLA (28 MPa, 66% lower than CFRPLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (28 MPa, 66% lower than CFRPLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) (34 MPa, 60% lower than CFRPLA), and nylon (34 MPa, 60% lower than CFRPLA) samples.

Impact of glues used for RFIDs on the longevity and flight muscles of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Apidae: Meliponini)

We conducted several tests on the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata aiming to determine the impact of the glue used for applying radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on this bee species. The study was organized in three experimental sets, in which we evaluated the effects of a synthetic glue, a natural glue (shellac), and the effects of the bee manipulation alone (control group). We performed (i) an in vitro experiment (bioassay), in which we tested five different experimental treatments in triplicate: chip plus synthetic glue, chip plus shellac, synthetic glue, shellac, and control, totaling 150 bees (n = 30 per treatment); (ii) field experiments, in which we tested the RFID tracking system composed of RFID tags, reading units, antennas, and circuit boards; and (iii) the morphological and histochemical analyses of the flight muscles of bees collected from each experimental treatment (n = 5 per treatment) at 48 h after the beginning of bioassay. Use of the natural glue, as opposed to the synthetic glue, promoted an increase of the bees’ longevity while inhibiting detrimental impacts on their foraging activities, as observed by both the bioassay and field experiments. We found negative responses to the synthetic glue treatment combined with the electronic tags, showing that the natural glue induces less morphological damage to the flight muscles of tagged stingless bees.

New Investigations of Adhesives for Tear Repair of Canvas Paintings

ABSTRACT The thread-by-thread tear mending technique for canvas paintings represents an important field of research for the preservation of canvas paintings. This joining technology has been published and has become well established as a minimal invasive alternative for the treatment of local damage in the canvas, in contrast to the application of patches or the lining of paintings. Since then the technique has been further investigated, especially with regard to adhesive evaluation. For the first time, this paper presents the examination of five different test set-ups for the adhesive evaluation in an overall context: 1. uniaxial tensile tests on free adhesive films, 2. on mended yarns, 3. on fabric strips, 4. biaxial tensile tests, and 5. multiaxial burst pressure tests. The bonding was carried out on flax threads and canvas samples. For this purpose, single thread bonds were prepared within the specimens with a selection of different synthetic polymer dispersions and sturgeon glue modifications. Different bonding techniques were investigated, such as overlapping or butt joint mending, with and without bridging threads. The aim of the investigation was to understand the individual influencing factors in the various test series. Furthermore, the focus was on the development of a suitable test system for the evaluation of adhesives for the thread-by-thread tear mending treatment in textile painting supports. It can be stated that only the testing of several bonded threads in a fabric composite should be pursued as a long-term sensible test arrangement. This is in contrast to the previously very common set-up of testing mended single threads. Promising adhesives and adhesive modifications have been found for butt joints and overlap joints. The additional strengthening effect of bridging threads on butt joints has been proven and quantified.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Synthetic Glue and a Fibrin-Based Sealant for the Prevention of Seroma Following Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer Patients.

Introduction: Seroma formation represents one of the most frequent postoperative complications of axillary dissection in breast cancer (BC) patients. We aimed to retrospectively explore the effectiveness of the intraoperative use of a synthetic cyanoacrylate glue (specifically Glubran®2) vs. the intraoperative use of a fibrin sealant (specifically Tisseel) in reducing seroma formation compared to the use of nonsealant in BC patients who underwent breast surgery and axillary dissection.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, monocentric observational study on BC patients who underwent axillary dissection associated with breast surgery. The axillary dissection was completed with the application of a closed suction drain and was preceded by the application of either Glubran®2 glue or Tisseel sealant or nonsealant. We analyzed the quantity of serum drained in the first 3 postoperative days, length of hospitalization, days of permanence of axillary drain, seroma development, and presence of postoperative infection signs.Results: Forty-one BC patients were considered. Based on the device used during the surgical treatment, the patients were divided into three groups: group A (17 patients), to whom suction axillary drain was applied; group B (7 patients), to whom Tisseel and axillary suction drain were applied; and group C (17 patients), to whom Glubran®2 and axillary suction drain were applied. Among the three groups, we did not find significant differences in terms of amount of serum drained in the first 3 postoperative days, length of hospitalization, and incidence of seroma. Group C maintained the axillary drain in a significantly lower number of days compared to the other two groups (p = 0.02); it also had a lower incidence of postoperative infections (6%) compared to group A (23%) and group B (57%) (p = 0.02).Conclusions: We did not find any evidence that the use of surgical glues may reduce the formation of seroma following axillary dissection in BC patients. Nevertheless, the use of cyanoacrylate glue in association with closed suction axillary drain seems to contribute to the reduction in days of axillary drain permanence and of postoperative infections, which are known factors delaying the schedule of any adjuvant oncological therapies.

Dust removal device for waterless solar photovoltaic panel

With the rapid development of human science and technology, energy consumption is becoming increasingly severe, and solar energy, which is one of the clean energy in the future, has attracted wide attention. However, while solar photovoltaic power stations bring huge economic benefits, a huge problem about the cleaning and protection of solar photovoltaic power generation panels has also arisen [1]. The photovoltaic module is exposed to the air for a long time, and the dust falls on the surface of the photovoltaic module, blocking the light from entering, and reducing the light conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. It is urgent to deal with cleaning problems. This project intends to design a solar panel dust cleaning device that is mechanically cleaned by a brush and adsorbed by a chemical synthetic glue in the absence of water. To a large extent, it solves the problems caused by uncleaning, saves the use of water resources, and avoids the pollution of impurities brought by clean water washing.

Gastric variceal bleeding.

There are no well-established guidelines for the management of gastric variceal bleeding. Endoscopic management of acute gastric variceal bleeding has been premised on the injection of sclerosants and synthetic glue. However, these therapies are associated with various complications including systemic embolization and recurrent bleeding. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions including coil injection have emerged as promising modalities with high technical and clinical success rates and low rates of recurrence. In this review we discuss the classification, natural history, prognosis, and treatment options of gastric variceal. Discussion of treatment is further subdivided into primary and secondary prophylaxis and the management of acute gastric variceal bleeding with a focus on emerging endoscopic interventions. Cyanoacrylate injection may have a role in the primary and secondary prophylaxis of gastric variceal. Endoscopic band ligation should be considered for GOV1. EUS-guided injection of synthetic glues like cyanoacrylate is superior to direct injection. However, EUS-guided coil injections with or without cyanoacrylate should be considered first-line endoscopic treatment in all bleeding gastric variceal except for GOV1. Balloon retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) remain important interventional radiologic therapeutic options as primary therapy in centers without EUS expertise or as salvage therapy.

Atraumatic laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh fixation using a new laparoscopic device: an animal experimental study.

Laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair (LVIHR) has become a common procedure because of its feasibility and safety, but it is not free of complications. Acute and chronic post-operative pain and bleeding caused by traumatic fixation of the mesh are frequently prolonging the hospital stay. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (GLUBRAN® 2) as only mesh fixation METHODS: Ten female pigs were involved in the study and were divided into two groups of five (A and B). Animals in each group underwent a laparoscopic procedure in which two meshes were placed intraperitoneally and fixed with the same synthetic glue only. Animals in group A were sacrificed after 3weeks, and those in group B were sacrificed after 12weeks. We studied the morphological, biomechanical, and histological characteristics of the intraperitoneal mesh-tissue interface RESULTS: No disruption, migration or folding was observed in any of the pigs. In group A, the mean tensile strength was 1.4N/cm (± 0.2) while in group B, the mean tensile strength was 2.5N/cm (± 0.8). Histological analyses, in areas where mesh was fixed using the glue, showed a chronic lymphocytic inflammatory reaction with a granulomatous component and a marked desmoplastic reaction made up of immature collagen and numerous fibroblasts acquiring myofibroblastic characteristics. In some areas corresponding to fixation, the desmoplastic reaction originated from mature lamellar bone tissue with osteocytes and osteoblasts. Laparoscopic mesh fixation with only the synthetic comonomer glue GLUBRAN® 2 is feasible, effective, and safe in intraperitoneal incisional/ventral hernia repair in this animal model.

Treatment of recurrent or persistent spontaneous pneumothorax in children with synthetic glue pleurodesis

Abstract Background/purpose The optimal treatment of recurrent pneumothorax or persistent air leak after standard surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in children is poorly defined. This study reports a preliminary experience with synthetic glue pleurodesis as definitive treatment for recurrent or refractory spontaneous pneumothorax (RPSP) in children. Methods A retrospective review of two cases of RPSP in children treated with synthetic glue using an image-guided interventional delivery system was performed. Results Two males (ages 13 and 16) with twice recurrent SP after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) were reviewed. Both patients were treated with a radiologically-guided catheter application of synthetic glue to the presumed site of air-leak on the visceral pleural surface of the lung. Pneumothoraces resolved within 24 hours in both patients, and there have been no recurrences at a median of 12 months follow-up. Conclusions Synthetic glue pleurodesis shows early therapeutic promise for RPSP in children, as a salvage therapy after previous VATS.

Effect of fixation devices on postoperative pain after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: a randomized clinical trial of permanent tacks, absorbable tacks, and synthetic glue.

The method of anchoring the mesh in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is claimed to cause postoperative pain, affecting the quality of life of the patients. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the effect of three types of fixation devices on postoperative pain, patient quality of life, and hernia recurrence. Patients with ventral hernias between 2 and 7cm were randomized into one of three mesh fixation groups: permanent tacks (Protack™), absorbable tacks (Securestrap™), and absorbable synthetic glue (Glubran™). The primary endpoint was pain on the second postoperative day, measured on a visual analogue scale. Quality of life and recurrence rate were secondary endpoints and investigated through questionnaires and clinical examination at follow-up visits 1, 6, and 12months after surgery. Seventy-five non-consecutive patients were included in the study, with 25 patients in each group. There was no significant difference between groups for unspecified pain on the second postoperative day (p = 0.250). The DoloTest™ values were 55.3 ± 28.9mm, 43.5 ± 28.5mm, and 55.9 ± 26.3mm for permanent tacks, absorbable tacks, and synthetic glue, respectively. No differences were observed between groups with respect to quality of life of the patients and hernia recurrence rate. In patients with small- and medium-sized ventral hernias, the type of fixation device did not affect the immediate or long-term postoperative pain, quality of life, or recurrence rate when comparing permanent tacks, absorbable tacks, and synthetic glue for mesh fixation. NCT01534780.

Experimental evaluation of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate on dura mater healing

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of this synthetic glue tissue on the healing of dura mater closure in rabbits. The study was undertaken to investigate the histological and toxicological behavior of dural repair using standard suture techniques and suture supplemented with tissue adhesive. Methods: A total of 54 rabbits was divided into 9 groups of 6 animals, and then were divided equivalently into 3 groups (A, B and C), each one containing 3 sub-groups of 6 rabbits, sacrificed on days 7, 30 and 60 respectively. After 1cm parasagital craniectomy and 0.5cm dural opening, three different procedures were carried out: in group A dura mater was reinforced by using 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate, in group B biological glue (fibrin glue) was applied and in group C only the dura mater suturing was performed. The rabbits were sacrificed on specific days following the operation. Integrity of the sutures, existence of abscess, wound infection and adhesion formation were recorded. The heads were sent for histological examination. Results: The synthetic glue didn’t interfere with the metabolism of the animals. The mean weight of rabbits in groups A and B increased. Temperature did not increase and was not statistically different between the three groups (p=0.210). Dura mater healing process, as assessed by fibroblast activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, did not differ statistically between the three groups (p&gt;0.05). Only neovascularization increased in the control group. Conclusion: Histological sections obtained from the dura mater treated with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate polymer demonstrated minimal inflammatory response, similar to that treated with fibrin adhesive sealant. Results indicate that this new substance seems to have applications as an adjunctive means of effecting dural closure.

Adhesive Strength of Pilot-Scale-Produced Water-Washed Cottonseed Meal in Comparison with a Synthetic Glue for Non-Structural Interior Application

Water-washed cottonseed meal (WCSM) has been shown the potential to be used as renewable and environment- friendly adhesives in wood products industry. Recently, WCSM was produced from defatted meal in a pilot scale. In this study, we initially compare the adhesive strength of the pilot-produced WCSM with that of a synthetic glue Vinavil 2259 L. WCSM may be used as the conventional D1 wood adhesives for nonstructural interior application per European standard EN204/205. Non-structural D3 type adhesives is more widely used in protected outside. Under the testing conditions, WCSM possessed very high heat resistance according to European standard EN14257 (WATT 91)-adhesive strength after 1 hour at 80°C. However, the dry strength (EN204/205) and water resistance (specimen were put in water for 4 days and then pulled in the dynamometer) of WCSM were lower than those of the synthetic glue Vinavil 2259 L. Blending WCSM with Vinavil 2259 L improved the water resistance of WCSM, allowing the classification of the WCSM adhesive as D3. Further work will be focused on the increase of solid content of the final adhesive slurries and the improvement of their water resistance.

Mesh fixation with glue versus suture for chronic pain and recurrence in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty.

Chronic pain following mesh-based inguinal hernia repair is frequently reported, and has a significant impact on quality of life. Whether mesh fixation with glue can reduce chronic pain without increasing the recurrence rate is still controversial. To determine whether tissue adhesives can reduce postoperative complications, especially chronic pain, with no increase in recurrence rate, compared with sutures for mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernia repair. We searched the following electronic databases with no language restrictions: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; issue 4, 2016) in the Cochrane Library (searched 11 May 2016), MEDLINE Ovid (1986 to 11 May 2016), Embase Ovid (1986 to 11 May 2016), Science Citation Index (Web of Science) (1986 to 11 May 2016), CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (a full-text database in China), Wanfang databases. We also checked reference lists of identified papers (included studies and relevant reviews). We included all randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing glue versus sutures for mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernia repair. Cluster-RCTs were also eligible. Two review authors extracted data and assessed the risk of bias independently. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Continuous outcomes were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% CIs. Twelve trials with a total of 1932 participants were included in this review. The overall postoperative chronic pain in the glue group was reduced by 37% (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.91; 10 studies, 1418 participants, low-quality evidence) compared with the suture group. However, the results changed when we conducted subgroup analysis with regard to the type of mesh. Subgroup analysis of included studies using lightweight mesh showed the reduction of chronic pain was less profound and insignificant (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.17). Subgroup analysis of included studies using heavyweight mesh resulted in a significant benefit from the fixation with glue (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.82).Hernia recurrence was similar between the two groups (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.63 to 3.28; 12 studies, 1932 participants, low-quality evidence). Fixation with glue was superior to suture regarding duration of the operation (MD -3.13, 95% CI -4.48 to -1.78; 9 studies, 1790 participants, low-quality evidence); haematoma (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.86; 10 studies, 1384 participants, moderate-quality evidence); and recovery time to daily activities (MD -1.26, 95% CI -1.89 to -0.63; 3 studies, 403 participants, low-quality evidence).We also investigated adverse events. There were no significant differences between the two groups. For superficial wound infection pooled analyses showed OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.37 to 4.11; 7 studies, 763 participants (low-quality evidence); for mesh/deep infection OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.16 to 2.83; 8 studies, 1393 participants (low-quality evidence). Furthermore, we investigated seroma (a postoperative swelling caused by fluid) (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.33); and persisting numbness (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.14).Finally, six trials involving 1009 participants reported postoperative length of stay, resulting in non-significant difference between the two groups (MD -0.12, 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.10)Due to the lack of data, it was impossible to draw any distinction between synthetic glue and biological glue.Eight out of 12 trials showed high risk of bias in at least one of the investigated domains. Two studies were quasi-randomised controlled trials and the allocation sequence of one trial was not concealed. Nearly half of the included trials either did not provide adequate information or had high risk of bias regarding blinding processes. The risk of bias for incomplete outcome data of all the included studies varied from low to high risk of bias. Two trials did not report on some important outcomes. One study was funded by the manufacturer producing the fibrin sealant. Therefore, according to the 'Summary of findings' tables, the quality of the evidence (GRADE) for the outcomes is moderate to low. Based on the short-term results, glue may reduce postoperative chronic pain and not simultaneously increase the recurrence rate, compared with sutures for mesh fixation in Lichtenstein hernia repair. Glue may therefore be a sensible alternative to suture for mesh fixation in Lichtenstein repair. Larger trials with longer follow-up and high quality are warranted. The difference between synthetic glue and biological glue should also be assessed in the future.

Severity assessment in rabbits after partial hepatectomy: Part II.

Although the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort has already been described in 1985 by Morton and Griffiths there is still very little known about the establishment of score sheets especially, regarding post-surgical pain and severity assessment for laboratory animals such as rabbits. In this paper we describe the estimation of severity and recovery status of 36 female New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) in a standardized liver resection model using two different adhesive treatments and one control group. Welfare was assessed at 3-4 consecutive days after surgery using a scoring system which included the following criteria: body weight, general state, clinical results, spontaneous behavior and clinical examination. Values could range from 0 to 20 where increasing values indicated increasing severity with a predefined humane endpoint for a score ≥20 points. Documented score points were almost exclusively a result of body weight loss, whereas clinical signs and general health status had no influence on the overall sum of points scored. Behavioral variation was solely observed postoperatively, within the first 24 h, with an average score ≤1. In contrast to the classification of a laparotomy as a moderate procedure in the EU Directive 2010/63 (annex VIII) the assessment herein presented showed a mild burden in all groups according to the scoring system used. The partial hepatectomy itself, as well as the adhesive treatment using either synthetic glue VIVO-107 or fibrin glue, were well tolerated.

Assessment of Synthetic Glue for Mesh Attachment in Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy: A Prospective Multicenter Pilot Study

Study ObjectiveTo assess the anatomic efficacy and safety of synthetic glue to fix prosthetic material in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. DesignA 1-year follow-up in a prospective multicenter pilot study between November 2013 and November 2014 (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). SettingAn academic urogynecology research hospital. PatientsSeventy consecutive patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage ≥3 anterior and/or medial prolapse underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. InterventionsAll women underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with the same standardized technique using a synthetic surgical glue to fix anterior and posterior meshes. Measurements and Main ResultsPatients were followed up at 1 month and 1 year, with anatomic and functional assessment (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-12). Anatomic success was defined as 1-year Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage ≤1. Sixty-six patients were included; the mean age was 56.7 ± 1.2 years. The mean operative time was 145 ± 5 minutes. The mean glue fixation time was less than 2 minutes for both anterior and posterior meshes. The 1-year anatomic success rate was 87.5% in the anterior compartment (Ba at −2.3 cm, p < .0001) and 95.3% in the medial compartment (point C at −6.1 cm, p < .0001). There were no intra- or postoperative complications and no cases of mesh exposure; 5 cases of mesh shrinkage (7.8%) were observed at 1 year. The postoperative urinary stress incontinence rate was 29.7% at 1 year. Eight patients (12.1%) underwent revision surgery with transobturator tape. All quality of life scores showed significant improvement (p < .0001) at 1 year. ConclusionSynthetic glue attachment of prosthetic material in laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy proved straightforward, safe, time-saving, and effective at 1 year. Prospective randomized studies will be needed to confirm the long-term benefit.