Synthesis Of Research Findings Research Articles

Effects of Physical Exercise on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to systematically collect, evaluate, and critically synthesize research findings on the effects of physical exercise on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews was adopted for this study. We searched the Medline®, CINAHL, SportDiscus, and Scopus databases to identify relevant articles published from inception to March 2024. This review was reported in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, totaling 928 participants. Interventions ranged from aerobic and resistance exercises to balance and strength training. A range of physical exercise interventions was explored, including brisk walking, endurance training, weight exercises, and resistance bands, as well as combined programs of aerobics, resistance, and balance training, all tailored to improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The meta-analysis focused on five studies that used the FACT/GOG-Ntx scale indicated a standardized mean difference of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.74), favoring exercise, reflecting significant improvements in neuropathy symptoms. The heterogeneity among the studies was low (I² = 2%), suggesting consistency in the beneficial effects of exercise. From the results analyzed, the descriptive analysis of the 12 included studies shows promising outcomes not only related to individuals' perceptions of CIPN severity but also in terms of physical functioning, balance, ADL (Activities of Daily Living) performance, pain, and quality of life. The findings support the integration of structured exercise programs into oncological treatment plans.

Traditional Herbal Approaches to the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant challenges for affected individuals and their families. While conventional treatments are prevalent, there is growing interest in complementary and alternative therapies, including plant-based remedies from traditional medicine systems. This review explores the use of plant-based treatments for ASD from Chinese Traditional Medicine, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and other holistic systems. The article synthesizes research findings on the efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic benefits of these treatments for managing autism symptoms, particularly in areas related to cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Furthermore, it presents an overview of various plant-based substances, including herbs, oils, and dietary modifications, and critically discusses their integration into ASD treatment.

Nursing-sensitive Indicators in East Asian Hospitals: A Scoping Review

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to identify nursing-sensitive indicators in East Asian hospitals and understand their relationships.Methods: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and conducted searches across 12 databases, including gray literature sources, such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Of the 5,887 articles identified, we included 46 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Overall, we identified 72 nursing-sensitive indicators, which were classified into three distinct categories; –structure, process, and outcome, aligned with Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model. Our findings revealed that nurse staffing levels and patient mortality were the most frequently reported nursing-sensitive indicators in East Asian hospitals. Additionally, we found that nurse staffing levels and work environment were significantly associated with improved outcomes for patients and nurses. Several nursing-sensitive indicators, such as turnover intention and caregiver self-efficacy, were derived only in this review. Some nursing-sensitive indicators, such as nurse staffing levels and patient mortality, had limitations because their definitions and measurement methods varied across studies.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of nursing-sensitive indicators in East Asian hospitals. Adequate nurse staffing levels and positive work environment are important in achieving positive patient and nurse outcomes; therefore, hospital administrators should make efforts to improve them. Further consideration is required to determine whether nursing-sensitive indicators derived only from East Asian countries are appropriate for use in this study. Inconsistencies in the operational definitions and measurement methods of nursing-sensitive indicators hinder evidence generation through the synthesis of research findings. Therefore, nursing researchers should standardize nursing-sensitive indicators in this specific healthcare context.

Advances in Research on Southern Corn Rust, a Devasting Fungal Disease.

Southern corn rust (SCR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia polysora Underw., represents one of the most devastating threats to maize production, potentially resulting in yield losses exceeding 50%. Due to global climate change and cropping practices, epiphytotics of SCR have been increasingly reported, and are progressively spreading from tropical and subtropical maize growing areas to higher latitude areas. Over the past decade, researchers worldwide have undertaken extensive investigations into SCR, encompassing its occurrence and transmission pathways, the causative pathogen, the identification of resistant/tolerant germplasms along with associated genes/QTL, as well as potential control strategies. Nevertheless, information pertaining to this disease remains fragmented; thus far, standardized preventive and control measures have yet to be established. In response to this situation, this review seeks to comprehensively synthesize research findings on SCR while providing valuable insights into its occurrence, prevention, and control strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse impact and losses caused by SCR on global maize production.

Novel Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Fibroblasts to Improve Heart Disease.

Cardiac fibrosis represents the terminal pathological manifestation of various heart diseases, with the formation of fibroblasts playing a pivotal role in this process. Consequently, targeting the formation and function of fibroblasts holds significant potential for improving outcomes in heart disease. Recent research reveals the considerable potential of fibroblasts in ameliorating cardiac conditions, demonstrating different functional characteristics at various time points and spatial locations. Therefore, precise modulation of fibroblast activity may offer an effective approach for treating cardiac fibrosis and achieving targeted therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we focus on the fate and inhibition of fibroblasts, analyze their dynamic changes in cardiac diseases, and propose a framework for identifying markers of fibroblast activation mechanisms and selecting optimal time windows for therapeutic intervention. By synthesizing research findings in these areas, we aim to provide new strategies and directions for the precise treatment of fibroblasts in cardiac diseases.

Experiences of Complicated Grief - A Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

Objective: Synthesize research findings and provide insight into firsthand experiences of complicated grief. Methods: We systematically searched qualitative studies in English in four databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science). We included 5 studies and applied meta-ethnography to identify and translate across studies. Results: This review illuminates the firsthand experiences of complicated grief. Three key themes were identified: 'ambivalence', 'misrecognition', and 'self-sacrifice'. These concepts reflect the synthesis of available qualitative research on the experience of complicated grief. The findings suggest that complicated grief is experienced as intrusive and unhelpful, providing a distressful state with lack of recognition from the perspective of the bereaved. Conclusions: The synthesis provides an empirically founded interpretation and contribution to the challenge of distinguishing between normal, complicated, and pathological grief reactions. As bereavement increasingly becomes a clinical concern, these findings highlight the necessity for further phenomenological research and the detailed profiling of disordered grief.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep hygiene implementation and its effect on sleep quality and fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Introduction: The prevalence of patients undergoing hemodialysis who experience sleep disturbances and fatigue is high. Pharmacologic management has consequences and adverse effects, therefore, integrative intervention is important to be investigated. Sleep hygiene is one such integrative intervention that improves comfort including enhancing sleep quality and reducing fatigue. However, none have synthesized the effect of sleep hygiene intervention, particularly in the hemodialysis setting. This systematic review aims to synthesize the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in improving sleep quality and fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Relevant studies were gathered by searching five databases from 2008-2023 using several keywords, such as sleep hygiene, sleep quality and fatigue. Quality assessment was conducted using relevant tools from the Joanna Briggs Institutes (JBI). Following that, synthesis of research findings was conducted using Review Manager version 5.4. Results: Seven studies of 3,633 screened were included, with one high-quality study (88%) and six studies of moderate quality (61-76%). The review indicated a significant difference in sleep quality (MD = -2.36; 95% CI = -4.28, -0.44; p=0.016). However, there was no significant difference in fatigue (SMD = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.40, 0.24; p=0.61). Conclusions: The evidence supports that sleep hygiene is effective in enhancing sleep quality. This systematic review contributes evidence to support the inclusion of sleep hygiene into holistic nursing to assist patients in improving sleep quality and reducing fatigue.

Health literacy and self-care among adult immigrants with type 2 diabetes: a scoping review

IntroductionThere exists a gap in the health status of immigrants in comparison to the overall population, and health literacy has been shown to be a mediator for health outcomes and may predict their quality of life (QoL). We aimed to systematically map and synthesize research findings on adult immigrants’ health literacy in terms of their health beliefs, understanding, and self-management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.MethodsA scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was conducted, based on systematic searches in the Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and APA PsycInfo databases in June 2023. The retrieved articles were screened and assessed by the two authors independently.ResultsOf 568 identified studies, 16 (9 qualitative, 4 cross-sectional, 1 mixed-methods, and 2 experimental) were included in this review. Low/moderate health literacy levels with no sex-related differences were reported. Immigrants’ access to health information was limited by language barriers and a lack of culturally adapted information, especially from their physicians. Among women, access to health information was limited by patriarchal norms. Knowledge gaps were primarily related to understanding the necessity of medication and the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Healthcare professionals played an important role in motivating immigrants to adhere to treatment.ConclusionFew studies were found on this topic, and additional research is needed to enhance health literacy among immigrants. Limited health information, language barriers, and a shortage of culturally sensitive knowledge appear to hinder immigrants’ ability to access, understand, and apply health information. Cultural norms and personal factors further suppress these abilities, ultimately impacting their health outcomes. The findings of this study suggest that health literacy is a crucial component of healthcare professionals’ curricula, equipping them with the skills to identify and assist patients with low health literacy.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review

Anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder, and specific phobias, are significant public health concerns that affect millions worldwide and lead to substantial impairments in daily functioning and quality of life. Traditional treatments may not suit everyone, highlighting the need for alternatives like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), which emphasizes mindfulness meditation. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of MBSR in reducing anxiety symptoms across various anxiety disorders by synthesizing research findings from studies published between January 2013 and April 2024. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, using keywords such as “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction,” “MBSR,” “anxiety disorder,” and “effectiveness.” Peer-reviewed studies assessing the efficacy of MBSR on anxiety disorders were included, with data extraction and quality assessment performed following PRISMA 2022 guidelines. The search identified 1095 articles, with 13 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the final analysis, encompassing a total sample size of 751 participants. The studies varied in design, sample size, participant demographics, and targeted anxiety disorders. Findings consistently showed significant reductions in anxiety symptoms among participants receiving MBSR compared to control groups. For GAD, studies reported improvements in anxiety and stress measures such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). For SAD, reductions in social anxiety symptoms were observed, with some studies showing comparable effectiveness to CBT. This review presents compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of MBSR in reducing symptoms associated with anxiety disorders. Future research should focus on the long-term effects, impact on diverse demographic groups, and specific mechanisms to improve its clinical applicability.

The Impact of Multimedia Learning Models on Listening Comprehension: A Systematic Review of Self-Efficacy and Technology Integration

The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the impact of multimedia learning models on listening comprehension, with a particular focus on the roles of self-efficacy and technology integration. The study utilizes the PRISMA methodology to ensure rigor in the systematic review process, synthesizing research findings from 2019 to 2024. Results show that multimedia learning models significantly improve listening comprehension by providing diverse and engaging methods, aligning with Mayer’s cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Additionally, self-efficacy and technology integration were identified as critical moderating factors, enhancing both learning outcomes and learner confidence. This review contributes to the development of effective multimedia learning environments, offering valuable insights for educators, instructional designers, and policymakers.

How to Conduct and Publish Systematic Reviews andMeta-Analyses in Dentistry.

To provide a guide for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in dentistry, with emphasis on translating research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews are essential tools for synthesizing research findings and translating evidence into clinical practice. These reviews help to identify the most effective treatment options and to determine areas requiring further research. Astructured approach, including defining a concise research question, conducting comprehensive literature searches, and assessing the risk of bias, is critical for ensuring the review's trustworthiness. The GRADE approach facilitates the assessment of the certainty of evidence, which is crucial for formulating conclusions and making informed clinical decisions. Systematic reviews provide invaluable insights into clinical decision-making by compiling, analyzing, and synthesizing multiple primary studies. Following a rigorous methodology ensures that systematic reviews are comprehensive, unbiased, and clinically relevant, ultimately contributing to better patient care and achieving better clinical outcomes. Methodologically sound systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide clinicians with high-quality, synthesized evidence, enabling informed clinical decisions and improved patient outcomes. They save time by consolidating research, informing treatment choices, and facilitating the translation of knowledge into clinical practice.

Exploring the role of serum sestrin 2 in patients with endometrial polyps and uterine leiomyomas: implications for early diagnosis and pathophysiology

Endometrial polyps and uterine leiomyomas are common gynecological conditions that significantly affect women's health. Recent studies have begun to explore potential biomarkers that could assist in the early diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions. One such biomarker is Serum Sestrin 2 (SESN2), a protein involved in cellular stress response. This review aims to synthesize research findings on the relationship between serum SESN2 levels and the presence of endometrial polyps and uterine leiomyomas. It examines the potential of SESN2 as a diagnostic tool and its role in the underlying mechanisms of these conditions. Studies suggest that SESN2 levels are elevated in patients with these conditions compared to controls, indicating its involvement in their pathophysiology. Furthermore, the review discusses the implications of these findings for clinical practice, particularly in terms of early detection and targeted therapies. Future research directions and the need for large-scale studies to validate SESN2 as a clinical marker are also addressed. This review highlights the importance of biomarkers like SESN2 in enhancing our understanding and management of gynecological disorders.

Gender Differences In Work-Life Balance In The Corporate Sector: A Meta-Analysis

The balance between work and personal life is a crucial factor in overall well-being and productivity, particularly within the demanding corporate sector. This article examines gender-based differences in work-life balance in corporate settings, with a particular focus on the Information Technology (IT) sector. Using a meta-analytical approach, the study synthesizes research findings on the disparities in work-life balance experiences between male and female employees. The article also explores the unique challenges faced by women influenced by societal expectations and organizational structures, particularly in male-dominated environments like IT. The article highlights the role of corporate policies and personal strategies in improving work-life harmony, offering recommendations to support gender equity and enhanced productivity. Background: In today’s corporate world, achieving a balance between professional responsibilities and personal life is more challenging than ever, especially for employees in the high-demand Information Technology (IT) sector. Work-life balance (WLB) is defined as the effective management of personal and professional responsibilities to reduce stress and enhance quality of life (Greenhaus & Allen, 2011). As corporations increasingly emphasize productivity and flexibility, the strain to maintain a balanced life has intensified, impacting employees differently based on their gender. Research indicates that gender plays a significant role in WLB, as men and women often face distinct challenges rooted in cultural expectations, familial roles, and organizational structures. The article aims to delve into these gender-based differences, focusing on the experiences of employees in the IT sector where work demands are high, hours are long, and flexible scheduling is often critical yet insufficient.

A Comprehensive Review of Engineering Strategies for Environmental Sustainability in Sustainable Waste Management

Waste management and environmental sustainability are intricately linked aspects crucial for maintaining ecological balance and human well-being. This study synthesizes research findings and scholarly insights to underscore the significance of effective waste management practices in achieving environmental sustainability goals. It examines waste treatment approaches, including recycling, waste-to-energy systems, and waste reduction strategies, highlighting their role in mitigating environmental impact. Additionally, the study explores the environmental consequences of inadequate waste management, emphasizing the urgent need for holistic solutions to address water, soil, and air pollution. Engineering solutions for sustainable waste management, such as the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), thermal treatment methods, and landfill management, are discussed as essential components of a comprehensive strategy. By integrating these approaches, policymakers, industries, and communities can minimize waste generation, conserve resources, and safeguard the environment for current and future generations. Challenges like regulatory barriers, lack of awareness, and inadequate infrastructure pose obstacles to sustainable waste management practices. Thus, a collaborative effort involving governments, businesses, and civil society is crucial to implementing effective waste management policies and initiatives. Through concerted action, we can transition to a circular economy model that promotes resource efficiency, environmental protection, and human well-being on a global scale.

A review on research regarding HSR interactions with air transport and outlook for future research challenges

The interactions between high-speed rail (HSR) and air transportation systems constitute a complex, evolving integral component of our modern transportation landscape. Over recent decades, changes in travel patterns and growing environmental concerns, spurred by advancements in railway technology, have significantly influenced the dynamics of these two transportation modes. While previous reviews on this subject have provided seminal insights, there is a necessity for a novel synthesis of research findings in recent years, given that extant reviews have covered the evolving landscape until the year 2018 only. This review critically evaluates the latest literature to analyze five aspects regarding air/HSR interactions: Modal integration/modal competition, bi-directional impacts, emission aspects, robustness/resilience perspectives, and some other related work. In addition, we propose a set of ten challenging research questions, highlighting the need for concerted research efforts, considerations of more practical decision factors, and evidence-based policy making to foster a sustainable and resilient integration of air/HSR systems in the 21st century.

Adverse Birth Outcomes and Maternal Morbidity Among Afro-Latinas and Their Infants: A Systematic Literature Review.

To evaluate and synthesize research findings on adverse birth outcomes and maternal morbidity among Afro-Latinas and their infants. A systematic review was conducted within PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Four thousand five hundred twenty-six published peer-reviewed articles from 1970 to 2023 that reported outcomes related to maternal morbidity and/or birth outcomes were screened. After screening, we assessed 22 for eligibility, and ultimately, seven studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Although limited, the existing studies revealed disparities in abnormal birth weight (LBW & SGA) and higher preterm birth prevalence among Afro-Latinas compared to other racial and ethnic peers. These disparities are also prevalent among U.S.-born Afro-Latinas compared to foreign-born Afro-Latinas. By critically examining the current empirical evidence, we can gain a deeper understanding of how intersectionality impacts perinatal health outcomes among Afro-Latinas. Understanding the root causes of these outcomes through increased research is critical to preventing and reducing poor maternal and child health among Afro-Latinas, particularly those who are U.S.-born.

The growth of e-learning in the technology industry in Middle Tennessee

Purpose This paper intends to explore the significant growth and multifaceted benefits of e-learning within the technology sector in Middle Tennessee, particularly in the transformative context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It seeks to highlight the fundamental shift from traditional training methods to e-learning modalities and emphasize the potential of e-learning to revolutionize technical skill development and expand learning opportunities in the post-pandemic era. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a comprehensive review of existing literature to glean insights into the use and effectiveness of e-learning in the technology industry, particularly within Middle Tennessee. It synthesizes research findings to understand the growing preference for e-learning and online self-directed training as primary methods for technical skill development in the technology sector. Findings The literature review reveals a growing trend toward e-learning in the technology industry, driven by its flexibility, accessibility, and ability to rapidly update training materials. E-learning is increasingly integrated into academic programs related to technology, preparing students for the evolving job market. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the necessity for adaptable and resilient training methods, reinforcing the pivotal role of e-learning in the industry. Originality/value This paper contributes to the understanding of the expansion and impact of e-learning in the technology industry in Middle Tennessee, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides valuable insights for organizations and educators on the significance of e-learning in addressing the training needs of the technology workforce and its potential to shape the future of education and skill development in the region.

A Comprehensive Literature Review on AI and Its Impact on Business Value

This comprehensive literature review explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and business value, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of how AI technologies influence organizational performance and economic outcomes. The review synthesizes research findings from diverse studies to examine the multifaceted impacts of AI on various aspects of business value, including operational efficiency, strategic decision-making, customer experience, and competitive advantage. The review begins by defining key AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics, and their applications within different industry sectors. It then delves into how these technologies contribute to enhanced business processes, cost reduction, innovation, and revenue growth. Special attention is given to case studies and empirical research that demonstrate the tangible benefits and challenges associated with AI adoption in business contexts. Additionally, the paper addresses the role of AI in fostering datadriven decision-making and its implications for organizational agility and strategic alignment. The review also highlights gaps in the existing literature, such as the need for more longitudinal studies and sector-specific analyses to better understand the long-term effects of AI on business value. By providing a consolidated view of current research and identifying future research directions, this review offers valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers interested in leveraging AI to maximize business value and achieve sustainable competitive advantage

The Impact of School Principals on Graduate Quality Through Character Education Initiatives

This article aims to delve into the multifaceted process of character education with principals, focusing on the pivotal roles of teachers and educational staff. Drawing from qualitative research and philosophical insights, we examine three critical stages of character development: building teacher character with principal leadership, fostering the character of educational staff, and nurturing student character in madrasah. Data were obtained through interviews, documentation, and observation. Through a comprehensive analysis, we underscore the significance of teacher character as the cornerstone of character education, emphasizing the importance of embodying values such as integrity, morality, and trustworthiness. By synthesizing research findings and philosophical perspectives, this article aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing character education in madrasas, ultimately fostering the growth of students who exemplify integrity, compassion, and resilience in their everyday lives. Disciplined attitudes and democratic leadership are certainly an adequate basis for building the quality of graduates, and this is built through cultural and character education as national education goals.

Application of AI in the Field of Education: Dynamic Course Generation

Abstract: This research article examines the evolving relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Education, exploring its impact and potential. It covers adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring platforms, and emerging technologies, analyzing real-world applications and addressing ethical and implementation challenges. By synthesizing research findings, it contributes to understanding AI's role in transforming learning paradigms