Synthesized Cerium Oxide Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of CeO2 nanoparticles using Plectranthus barbatus leaf extract and its CO gas sensing and antimicrobial activity

In this study, we synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using Plectranthus barbatus leaf extract. Characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a bandgap of 2.98 eV. XRD confirmed their crystalline nature, while HRTEM showed cubic fluorite structures with an average particle size of 11.23 nm. The CeO2 NPs exhibited antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and high sensitivity to carbon monoxide (CO) at 100 °C, especially at low concentrations. This research highlights the low environmental impact and potential applications of CeO2 NPs in gas sensing and antibacterial contexts.

Remediation of mixed dyes and chromium (VI) in textile effluent using chemically synthesized Cerium Oxide nanoparticle

Remediation of mixed dyes and chromium (VI) in textile effluent using chemically synthesized Cerium Oxide nanoparticle

Chitosan xerogel embedded with green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle: An effective controlled release fertilizer for improved cabbage growth

With the growing awareness on the adverse effects of conventional fertilizers; the use of sustainable and controlled release fertilizers has garnered much significance. In the present study, we report the synthesis of chitosan-benzaldehyde Schiff base xerogel incorporated with green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle using Psidium guajava leaves extract as a sustainable fertilizer. Spherical CeO2 NPs having an average particle size of 15.3 nm and zeta potential of – 39.9 mV was obtained. The urea-loaded nanocomposite xerogel (CsB@U/CeO2) was examined for cabbage growth. The water retention capacity extended for >2 weeks. A controlled release profile for urea was accomplished from CsB@U/CeO2 for a period extending for 30 days. The kinetics assay suggested that presence of CeO2 NPs asserted a greater role in urea-controlled release from the CsB@U/CeO2 nanocomposite hydrogel owing to polymer relaxation. The growth parameters of cabbages such as head height, diameter, fresh head weight, head circumference was enhanced in plants fertilized by CsB@U/CeO2 as compared to urea. Furthermore, the phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity, protein content, sugar and flavonoid content were also found higher in CsB@U/CeO2 fertilized plants. This study puts forth CsB@U/CeO2 xerogel can be potentially harnessed as an alternative to urea in sustainable agriculture.

Innovative sono-synthesis of cerium dioxide nanomaterials using mentha extract with efficient activity for cancer therapy application

Nanostructured CeO2 was fabricated through a facile sonochemical route utilizing cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate as a metal source and mentha extract as a novel capping agent. To our knowledge, this experimental work is the first successful endeavor for fabricating nanostructured CeO2 employing mentha extract by an easy and eco-friendly route. The microstructure and various characteristics of the oxide nanostructure prepared utilizing mentha extract were investigated using various methods. This research examined the anticancer effects of green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) on cancer cell lines (T98 and SHSY5Y) at several concentrations of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/ml NPs by exposure time of 24/48 h. The obtained results presented a cytotoxicity of the prepared NPs against the cancerous cell lines. Considering the CeO2-NP's effects on cancer cells indicated significant toxicity against cancer cell lines, these nanoparticles could be applied in medicine and in developing new drug formulations for cancer cell lines. Additional investigations are desired to reveal other biological applications of synthesized NPs against normal and other cancerous cell lines.

Exploring the potential of green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles in mitigating chromium toxicity in maize

ProblemChromium (Cr) contamination in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to maize productivity and food security, necessitating the development of innovative strategies to enhance Cr tolerance and mitigate its toxic effects on plant growth and development. ObjectiveThe aims of current study are the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using Jasminum officinale L. plant extract and their application to alleviate chromium stress in maize plants. MethodsFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and elemental mapping methods were used to characterize the synthesized CeO2 NPs. The cerium oxide NPs (0, 25, 75 and 100 mg/L) treatment levels applied through foliar and seed priming to check growth, physiological responses and metal uptake by maize plants and a fully random design was used to set up a factorial experiment. ResultsThe findings showed that foliar application of 100 mg/L CeO2 NPs resulted in an improvement in the plant height (43 %), shoot fresh plant (41 %) and root fresh weight (84 %), and total chlorophyll concentrations (67 %) in maize plants as compared to seed priming (as 25, 32, 40 and 43 % respectively). It also effectively enhanced antioxidant enzymes including super oxide dismutase (75 %) and peroxidase (79 %). In maize plants, by foliar application over the control, CeO2 NPs reduce electrolyte leakage (53 %), malondialdehyde contents (32 %), and chromium content in roots (70 %) under chromium stress. ConclusionTherefore, these results suggested that increase in the concentration of CeO2 NPs more efficiently 100 mg/L has high ability against chromium stress and act as a promising solution to reduce metal concentration, enhance maize growth and promote sustainable agriculture. SignificanceThis study’s implications for future research on CeO2 NPs include elucidating their mechanisms in plant stress tolerance, exploring interactive effects with heavy metals, and expanding their use in plant stress management. Furthermore, this finding develops a novel strategy for improving maize cultivation in Cr-contaminated soils, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security.

Electrochemical behaviour of microwave-assisted synthesized cerium oxide annealed at different temperatures

Electrochemical behaviour of microwave-assisted synthesized cerium oxide annealed at different temperatures

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle-Papain Enzyme Bioconjugate: Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Absorption Study for Biomedical Applications

Objective: Here, we synthesize cerium oxide nanoparticles, successfully characterize them, and study the interaction between enzymes and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using a simple optical spectroscopic technique. Method: CeO2 was fabricated by chemical method. Characterizations were done using UV-Vis absorption spectra, FESEM images, and XRD data. For the biomolecular study, papain was used as a model enzyme. Two different concentrations of CeO2, namely a small concentration range (0.05810 to 0.40670 mM) and a large concentration range (0.58100 to 0.92961 mM), were taken to study the interaction with the papain. UV-Vis absorption spectra were recorded to study bioconjugate formation. Findings: The CeO2 NPs have an intense absorption peak at 352 nm and a band gap of 3.78 eV. The XRD pattern showed the unit cell is cubic with an average particle size of 41.36 nm. The binding of papain with CeO2 NPs resulted in a red shift in its absorption peak. The apparent association constant (Kapp) was calculated for the bioconjugate and found to be 0.747 × 103 M-1 for small concentrations and 0.278 × 103 M-1 for large concentrations. In large concentrations, aggregation occurs instead of corona formation. Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first study of the interaction of papain enzyme with CeO2 NPs. This study contributes to the application of NPs in the field of biomedicine. Keywords: Cerium oxide, Papaya proteinase (PP), Absorption spectra, Bioconjugate, Association constant

The Removal of Arsenic and Its Inorganic Forms from Marine Algae-A Base for Inexpensive and Efficient Fertilizers.

Newly synthesized cerium oxide was successfully obtained by the hard templating route. The optimal As(III) and As(V) adsorption onto the studied adsorbent was reached for the initial pH of 4.0 and a contact time of 10 h. The highest static adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) were 92 mg g-1 and 66 mg g-1, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model was well fitted to the As(III) and As(V) experimental kinetics data. The Langmuir model described the As(III) and As(V) adsorption isotherms on synthesized material. The adsorption mechanism of the studied ions onto the synthesized cerium oxide was complex and should be further investigated. The optimal solid-liquid ratio during the proposed aqueous extraction of inorganic As from the Fucus vesiculosus algae was 1:50. The optimal dosage of the synthesized cerium oxide (0.06 g L-1) was successfully applied for the first time for inorganic As removal from the aqueous algal extract.

Investigating temperature variability on antioxidative behavior of synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle for potential biomedical application.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) have garnered significant attention due to their versatile redox properties and wound-healing applications. The antioxidative nature of CNP is due to its ability to be oxidized and reduced, followed by the capture or release of oxygen which is used for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, CNP is produced through a wet chemistry approach and its tunable redox property is tested across a range of temperatures. The synthesized CNP was observed to reveal the signature peak at 245nm indicating a high Ce+3/Ce+4 ratio. Towards evaluating the redox antioxidative behavior, CNPs were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for superoxide dismutase mimetic analysis with riboflavin-mediated nitroblue tetrazolium scavenging assay. The results demonstrated that the redox activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles was strongly influenced by the different temperature ranges. Superoxide dismutase mimetic activity was observed to be reduced with a decrease in temperature as we moved from 4°C (80% activity) to -80°C (47% activity) at 1mM conc of CNP. Similarly, the SOD mimetic activity increased with an increase in temperature from 40°C (72% activity) to 70°C (94% activity). Further, CNP was found to inhibit E. coli (gram+ve) and Enterobacter (gram-ve) beyond 70% simultaneously at 1mM conc, indicating its potential application as a remarkable antimicrobial agent. CNP also inhibited the alpha-amylase activity up to the 60% at 1mM conc suggesting its potential application in antidiabetic wound healing therapy. Overall, the CNP finds its application in mitigating the oxidative stress-related disorder exhibited by its high antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic behavior.

Catalytic performance and insight into the mechanism of CeO2 nanorod catalysts in phenol ozone oxidation reaction

In order to effectively remove phenol wastewater and improve the utilization of ozone in non-homogeneous catalytic ozone oxidation, we synthesized cerium oxide catalysts with different morphologies and characterized the prepared catalysts. It was found that the dissolution/recrystallization rate was positively correlated with base concentration, with nanoparticles forming at low base concentrations. When the base concentration increases, the chemical potential to drive the anisotropic growth of the nuclei is higher, forming nanorods. At even higher concentrations of base, the nuclei are oxidized to have a nanocube morphology. The exposed surfaces of CeO2 nanorods and nanocubes are in the (110) and (100) planes, respectively, so they have a higher catalytic activity per unit surface area, this results in higher oxygen storage capacity and catalytic activity. The removal of phenol by ozone oxidation catalyzed by nr(nanorod)-CeO2 could reach 100% in a reaction of 30 min. The ESR technique demonstrated that ·OH, ·O2− and 1O2 produced during the reaction process are the main ROS that enhance catalytic ozone oxidation and participate in the degradation of phenol, which is decomposed into small molecule acids through substitution and ring opening reactions, and ultimately converted into CO2 and H2O. These results indicate that CeO2 nanorods exhibit stable and high performance in catalytic ozone oxidation, and controlling the morphology is an effective strategy to improve the catalytic performance.

Green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate hepatic and cognitive dysfunctions in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Modulation of TLR-4/NF-κB/Caspase-3 signaling pathways

Green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate hepatic and cognitive dysfunctions in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats: Modulation of TLR-4/NF-κB/Caspase-3 signaling pathways

Effect of green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles on fungal disease of wheat plants: A field study

Recently, there has been considerable attention towards the production of environmentally friendly nanoparticles (NPs). In this investigation, the successful synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) was achieved by employing an eco-friendly technique that utilized an extract from the leaves of local plant quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.). The synthesized CeO2 NPs were subjected to characterization using state-of-the-art methods. The prepared CeO2 NPs contained a round shape with clusters and have a size of 7–10 nm. To assess how effective CeO2 NPs derived from C. quinoa were against Ustilago tritici, a fungal disease that negatively affects wheat crop globally, a study was performed on two varieties of wheat crop comprised of Arooj (V1) and Akber (V2), cultivated under field conditions. CeO2 NPs were applied foliarly twice to the wheat crop at four different concentrations: T0 (0 mg/L), T1 (50 mg/L), T2 (75 mg/L), and T3 (100 mg/L). The results revealed that the control group (T0) exhibited the highest disease severity index (DSI) with a value of 75% compared to the other concentrations of CeO2 NPs on both varieties. At a concentration of 100 mg/L of CeO2 NPs, the DSI dropped to a minimum of 35% and 37% on both V1 and V2 respectively. These findings indicated that an increase in the concentration of CeO2 NPs has a beneficial impact on disease severity. Similar patterns have also been observed with disease incidence (DI), with the greatest efficacy observed at a concentration of 100 mg/L of CeO2 NPs. Our investigation has shown that CeO2 NPs exhibitd significant antifungal potential against U. tritici which may be a promising strategy to mitigate fungal disease and crop losses globally.

Green synthesized nano-additive dosed biodiesel-diesel-water emulsion blends for CI engine application: Performance, combustion, emission, and exergy analysis

Numerous research studies have demonstrated that biodiesel is an ideal substitute for standard diesel fuel. However, biodiesel produced more nitric oxide emissions. The novel green synthesized cerium oxide (CeO2) nano-additive is used and produced from cerium nitrate hexahydrate using Azadirachta indica leaf extract to reduce NO. Subsequently, the presence of CeO2 is analyzed through different morphological studies. The CeO2 nano-additive is mixed with the 20% Trichosanthes cucumerina oil biodiesel emulsion in different proportions of 10, 20, and 30 ppm are used for this experimental study. From the experimental outcomes, TCB20 Emulsion+30 ppm CeO2 blend shows a significant reduction in hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke opacity, and NO emissions by 16.78, 38.30, 20.73 and 6.06%, respectively, when compared with standard diesel. Also, it was found that the TCB20 Emulsion+30 ppm CeO2 blend showed better engine performance with enhanced combustion characteristics. As a result, the comparison of TCB20 Emulsion and TCB20 Emulsion+30 ppm CeO2 blends shows a substantial difference in the decrease of NO by 4.92% and smoke opacity by 11.82%, respectively. It shows improved engine combustion characteristics with an excellent smoke-NO emission trade-off. According to the exergy analysis, the TCB20 Emulsion+30 ppm CeO2 blend had a higher energy share (53.73%) and lower exergy destroyed (46.27%) than other TCB blends. Hence, the TCB20 Emulsion+30 ppm CeO2 blend can be used as an alternative for standard diesel fuel without any engine modifications.

Phytomediated-Assisted Preparation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Assessment of Their Structural and Optical Properties.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained using aqueous extracts of Chelidonium majus and Viscum album. X-ray diffractometry analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles calcined at 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis reflectance and Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and fluorescence studies were utilized to interpret the morphological and optical properties of these nanoparticles. The STEM images revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and that they were predominantly uniform in size. The optical band gap of our cerium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.3 and 3.0 eV from reflectance measurements using the Tauc plots. The nanoparticle sizes evaluated from the Raman band at 464 cm-1 due to the F2g mode of the cubic fluorite structure of cerium oxide are close to those determined from the XRD and STEM data. The fluorescence results showed emission bands at 425, 446, 467, and 480 nm. The electronic absorption spectra have exhibited an absorption band around 325 nm. The antioxidant potential of the cerium oxide nanoparticles was estimated by DPPH scavenging assay.

CeO2 Nanoparticles Modified on Graphite Sheet Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Tobacco Wastewater Detection, Degradation, and Toxicity Measurement

Monitoring and implementation of gutka wastewater treatment using a fast and feasible fabrication method, owing to the clean water environment, have a great socioeconomic impact. A facile approach is promoted for detecting and degrading nicotine and gutka wastewater by the means of a wide range of ultraviolet light absorption and is applied in our current research. In this report, we successfully synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) by a co-precipitation method for photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection and degradation of smokeless tobacco from wastewater. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the face-centered cubic structure of CeO2 NPs. Raman analysis and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy endorsed the formation of CeO2 NPs. The as-fabricated CeO2 NP-modified graphite sheet electrode showed high sensitivity (98.1 μA/μM) and good linear range (10–150 nM) for the detection of tobacco from wastewater. The limit of detection was calculated as 0.15 nM. The catalyst photoelectrochemically degraded 93% of nicotine and 94.21% of gutka wastewater at 120 min. Toxicity studies of gutka with an in vivo nematode model, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Vigna radiata proved that PECO-degraded gutka waste had no deleterious effects on the survival (95.43%) (p < 0.01) of C. elegans when compared to nondegraded gutka waste (11.93%) and did not affect the physiological functions and reactive oxygen species production.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dye by CeO2/CNT/GO hybrid nanocomposites under UV light for wastewater treatment.

Development of nanocomposites as efficient photocatalysts for the removal of hazardous organic pollutants is always in dire demand due to increase in water pollution. In this article, a facile sol-gel method has been used to synthesize cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles followed by their decoration over multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) to construct binary as well ternary hybrid nanocomposites using ultrasonic treatment. The oxygen vacancy defects have been depicted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that may result into improved photocatalytic efficiency. The ternary hybrid nanocomposites (CeO2/CNT/GO) showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency towards degradation of rose bengal (RB) dye up to 96.9% in 50 min. CNTs and GO provide the interfacial charge transfer which inhibits the electron-hole pair recombination. The results obtained here indicate that these composites can be effectively utilized as promising materials for the degradation of harmful organic pollutants for wastewater treatment.

Green Synthesized Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Efficient Adsorbent for Removal of Fluoride Ion from Aqueous Solution

Green Synthesized Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Efficient Adsorbent for Removal of Fluoride Ion from Aqueous Solution

"A Review on Biomedical Approaches of Green Synthesized Cerium Oxide Nanostructure"

"A Review on Biomedical Approaches of Green Synthesized Cerium Oxide Nanostructure"

X-ray radiation shielding and microscopic studies of flexible and moldable bandage by in situ synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles/MWCNTS nanocomposite for healthcare applications.

This research reports a robust method for developing advanced flexible and moldable X-ray shielding bandages by harnessing an in situ synthesized polygonal cerium oxide nanoparticles/MWCNTs nanocomposite. The developed advanced hybrid nanocomposite was thoroughly blended with silicone rubber, namely polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form an advanced hybrid gel which was then coated on a conventional cotton bandage to develop an advanced flexible, moldable X-ray shielding bandage. The combined effects were analyzed to determine their unique X-ray reduction properties and were very effective. The linear attenuation value of the developed bandage (untreated cotton bandage coated with CeO2/MWCNT/PDMS), varied from 1.274 m-1 to 0.549 m-1 and the mass attenuation values from 0.823 m2 kg-1 to 0.354 m2 kg-1 for kVp 40 to 100 respectively. The improved features of high density and efficiency of protection are because of the binary protective effect of CeO2 nanoparticles and MWCNT. The morphological features of the developed material were characterized using various techniques such as TEM, SEM, XRD, and EDXA. The developed bandage is an entirely lead-free product, thin and light, has high shielding performance, flexibility, durability, good mechanical strength, doesn't crack easily (no crack), and can be washed in water. It may therefore be useful in various fields, including diagnostic radiology, cardiology, urology, and neurology treatments, attenuating emergency radiation leakages in CT scanner rooms or via medical equipment, and safeguarding complex shielding machinery in public areas.

Facile green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Jacaranda mimosifolia leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and photodegradation activity

In the present work cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solution-combustion method using Jacaranda mimosifolia leaf extract as a fuel. The phytochemical screening of leaf extract was carried out, revealing the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids and reducing sugar. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX and Elemental mapping. The XRD and SEM analysis revealed that they are highly homogenous and symmetrical in morphology with almost spherical in shape. EDAX depicted the purity of nanoparticles and elemental mapping showed the spatial arrangement of atoms. The present report aims at the application of Cerium oxide nanoparticles as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Further the photocatalytic activity of methylene blue was evaluated under visible light irradiation. 95% of dye removal was achieved within 60 min. This study shows that synthesized Cerium oxide nanoparticles act as antibacterial agents and potential photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants present in water bodies.