Synthesis Of ZnO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effect of acidic and basic leachants on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Egyptian zinc ore, their optical/surface characteristics and photocatalytic performance

It is of pivotal significance to optimize the parameters affecting the extraction of metals from natural ores to convert them to value-added products. Owing to their semiconducting nature, most metal oxides, including ZnO, have various electronic, optical, and photocatalytic applications. Hence, we are investigating the leaching of Zn from Smithsonite (an Egyptian ore) using acidic/basic leaching agents (leachants). The leached salts were employed in a co-precipitation method followed by calcination to obtain crystalline ZnO nanoparticles. Both photocatalytic performance of the ZnO nanoparticles obtained from acid leaching and basic leaching were investigated toward the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye. The ZnO(A) prepared using the acid leaching route has achieved about 5.6-fold enhancement in the dye photodegradation% and 5.3-fold enhancement in the observed rate constant compared to ZnO(B) prepared from basic leaching. Finally, the superior photocatalytic activity of the ZnO(A) is attributed to the smaller particle size, larger surface area, and existence of some defects that enhanced the photocatalytic performance.

A Study on the Antibacterial, Antispasmodic, Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract from Jasminum sambac (L. Aiton).

The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plants has grown in significance in recent years. ZnO NPs were synthesized in this work via a chemical precipitation method with Jasminum sambac (JS) leaf extract serving as a capping agent. These NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DTA. The results from UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the band gap energies (3.37 eV and 3.50 eV) and the presence of the following functional groups: CN, OH, C=O, and NH. A spherical structure and an average grain size of 26 nm were confirmed via XRD. The size and surface morphology of the ZnO NPs were confirmed through the use of SEM analysis. According to the TEM images, the ZnO NPs had an average mean size of 26 nm and were spherical in shape. The TGA curve indicated that the weight loss starts at 100 °C, rising to 900 °C, as a result of the evaporation of water molecules. An exothermic peak was seen during the DTA analysis at 480 °C. Effective antibacterial activity was found at 7.32 ± 0.44 mm in Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and at 15.54 ± 0.031 mm in Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria against the ZnO NPs. Antispasmodic activity: the 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by (78.19%), acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by (67.57%), and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by (84.35%). The antipyretic activity was identified using the specific Shodhan vidhi method, and their anti-inflammatory properties were effectively evaluated with a denaturation test. A 0.3 mL/mL sample solution demonstrated significant reductions in stimulant effects induced by histamine (at a concentration of 1 µg/mL) by 78.19%, acetylcholine (at a concentration of 1 µM) by 67.57%, and nicotine (at a concentration of 2 µg/mL) by 84.35%. These results underscore the sample solution's potential as an effective therapeutic agent, showcasing its notable antispasmodic activity. Among the administered doses, the 150 mg/kg sample dose exhibited the most potent antipyretic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized NPs showed a remarkable inhibition percentage of (97.14 ± 0.005) at higher concentrations (250 µg/mL). Furthermore, a cytotoxic effect was noted when the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were introduced to treated cells.

Catharanthus roseus-assisted bio-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles for promising antibacterial potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

This study emphasized on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in an environmentally friendly manner from the extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves and its antibacterial assessment against the pneumonia-causing pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. This simple and convenient phytosynthesis approach is found to be beneficial over conventional methods, wherein plants serve as excellent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents that enables the formation of ZnO NPs without the use of harmful chemicals. The formation of ZnO NPs was confirmed through several characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM, and EDX. XRD analysis revealed high polycrystallinity with crystallite size of approximately 13nm. SEM and HR-TEM revealed the hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs with the particle size range of 20-50nm. The EDX shows the elemental purity without any impurity. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy by the technique of disc diffusion exhibited clear inhibition zones in ZnO NPs-treated discs. In addition, 125µg/mL of ZnO NP concentration showed minimum inhibition by the microbroth dilution method. The potent inhibitory activity was further validated with trypan blue dye exclusion and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, SEM examination confirmed the efficient antibacterial potential of ZnO NPs through disruption of the intact morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and chickpea growth stimulation effects of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

Green synthesized nanoparticles are believed to alleviate the detrimental effects of chemical fertilizers and the multidrug resistance of various microbial strains. This study evaluates the use of bush tea-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for chickpea fertilization and assesses their cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The study demonstrated that the application of ZnO NPs improved the number of leaves, nodules, biomass and yield of chickpea cultivars under glasshouse conditions. The authors suggest that biosynthesized ZnO NPs are a good plant growth stimulant. The control with no nanoparticles application, had higher values of photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in the Desi genotype whereas for the Kabuli genotype, 25 mg/L showed higher values of stomatal conductance and transpiration efficiency, while 15 mg/L gave the highest water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of bacteria were reported in which E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive bacterial strains. The ZnO NPs also quenched free radicals that demonstrate antioxidant activity. Thus, they can be beneficial to both plants and humans as they reduce oxidative stress that can cause diseases. Furthermore, toxicity to cells was evaluated and ZnO NPs were less toxic to the studied cells with IC50 values of 16.17 µg/mL and 21.30 µg/mL against lung cancer and embryonic cell lines. Thus, the use of ZnO nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity could help fight against several diseases attacking humans and plants.

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Laurus nobilis L. extract and investigation of corrosion inhibition properties of DES-based nanofluids

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Laurus nobilis L. extract and investigation of corrosion inhibition properties of DES-based nanofluids

Phyto-fabricated ZnO nanoparticles for anticancer, photo-antimicrobial effect on carbapenem-resistant/sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa and removal of tetracycline.

Alternanthera sessilis (AS) leaf extract was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Bioanalytical characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) confirmed the formation of crystalline ZnO NPs with average sizes of 40nm. The AS-ZnO NPs antimicrobial activity was analyzed under dark (D) and white light (WL) conditions. The improved antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 and 62.5µg/mL under WL than the D at 125 and 250µg/mL for E. coli, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In contrast, the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was not completely inhibited until 1mg/mL AS-ZnO NPs under WL and D. Similarly, AS-ZnO NPs displayed a weaker inhibitory effect against carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa (CSPA) and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) strains of PAC023, PAC041 and PAC032, PAC045 under D. Interestingly, the distinct inhibitory effect was recorded against CSPA PAC041 and CRPA PAC032 in which the bacteria growth was inhibited 99.9% at 250, 500µg/mL under WL. The cytotoxicity results suggested AS-ZnO NPs demonstrated higher toxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells than the RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Further, AS-ZnO NPs exhibited higher catalytic potential against tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-H) degradation at 65.6% and 60.8% under WL than the dark at 59.35% and 48.6% within 120min. Therefore, AS-ZnO NPs can be used to design a photo-improved antimicrobial formulation and environmental catalyst for removing TC-H from wastewater.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, Study of Structure, Properties and Applications in Medicine

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are of great interest for use in various fields including biomedicine, food industry, agriculture, etc. Research objectives: study the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, structure, properties and application in medicine in wound healing. For the first time, synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles performed by chemical precipitation from zinc citrate, which saves energy, temperature and cost expensive equipment. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles have a cubic crystalline shape, ZnO nanoparticles size varies from 17 to 25.5 nm. The skin-irritating effect of the medicinal cosmetic gel based on zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles obtained by our method was not detected.

Synthesis, characterization and properties of Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles via a facile solvothermal route

Cr-doped ZnO ([Formula: see text]–0.08) nanoparticles are synthesized using the microwave solvothermal irradiation technique. The final product is calcinated at 450∘C and the nanostructure of the material is investigated using various techniques. In structural studies, XRD analysis shows that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO is present in the standard JCPDS card. FESEM spectrum reveals the hexagonal shape of the synthesized samples and EDS provides information on the qualitative composition of the nanoparticles. Optical absorbance images show exciton peaks in the UV region, which can be attributed to Cr incorporation into the ZnO lattice, and the optical energy bandgap values are calculated using the tauc plot method. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra are measured using PL spectroscopy. Interestingly, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) reveals enhancements in the magnetic properties in M–H loops and it is widely used for biological applications like antibacterial activity.

Recycled or Bio-Based Solvents for the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: Characterization and Validation in Organic Solar Cells.

Among solution-processable metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle inks are widely used in inverted organic solar cells for the preparation, at relatively low temperatures (<120 °C), of highly efficient electron-transporting layers. There is, however, a recent interest to develop more sustainable and less impacting methods/strategies for the preparation of ZnO NPs with controlled properties and improved performance. To this end, we report here the synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs obtained using alternative reaction solvents derived from renewable or recycled sources. In detail, we use (i) recycled methanol (r-MeOH) to close the loop and minimize wastes or (ii) bioethanol (b-EtOH) to prove the effectiveness of a bio-based solvent. The effect of r-MeOH and b-EtOH on the optical, morphological, and electronic properties of the resulting ZnO NPs, both in solution and thin-films, is investigated, discussed, and compared to an analogous reference material. Moreover, to validate the properties of the resulting materials, we have prepared PTB7:PC71BM-based solar cells containing the different ZnO NPs as a cathode interlayer. Power conversion efficiencies comparable to the reference system (≈7%) were obtained, validating the proposed alternative and more sustainable approach.

Green-route synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via Solanum surattense leaf extract: Characterization, biomedical applications and their ecotoxicity assessment of zebrafish embryo model

Biogenic synthesis (green synthesis) of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles has recently become important to researchers due to its improved antibacterial properties and associated applications. The present investigation has been carried out to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a leaf aqueous extract of Solanum surattense as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized NPs have been studied using UV–visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-TEM, and EDX analysis. The highest UV peak produced by the synthesized ZnO NPs was 294 nm. The resulting ZnO NPs were crystalline, confirmed by XRD measurements. FT-IR demonstrates the presence of OH stretching and CC bending, functional groups of the plant extract stabilizing activity on the NP's outer layer. SEM & TEM investigation confirmed that the NPs were spherical, and their diameters were 25.14 ± 7.4 nm. At a 100 μg/mL concentration, the NPs showed significant antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs had remarkable antibacterial activity against two targeted bacteria. In ABTS and DPPH scavenging tests, ZnO NP's antioxidant functions significantly surpassed the ascorbic acid standard. The ZnO NPs significantly inhibited the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line in vitro, and their IC50 value was 40 μg/mL. The pkCSM server and ADMETlab2 online services analyzed the pharmacokinetics characteristics. Tetratriacontane and streptomycin binding energies have been identified to be -8.7 and -7.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Lastly, the appearance of shorter bodies was observed only at doses above 5 mg/mL in the toxicity test done on zebrafish eggs. The work shows that phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs employing S. surattense extract may be an alternative biological agent in the future.

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Potato Extracts (Solanum tuberosum) As an Antibacterial Agent in the Active Packaging For Food Products

In this work, we have implemented an eco-friendly method for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using potato extracts (Solanum tuberosum) as the natural bio-reductants and stabilizing agent. Meanwhile the zinc nitrate octahydrate (Zn[NO3] 2.6H2O) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were used as the precursor of ZnO NPs. The sediment of Zn(OH)2 was separated from the solvent using centrifuge, and further calcinated at the temperature of 500ºC so that formed ZnO nanoparticles. SEM micrograph of ZnO NPs shows the hexagonal shapes with particles size around 50–100 nm. The XRD spectra confirms that ZnO NPs exhibited well crystalline nature, however, there were impurity peaks caused by the potato extracts addition. From the FTIR analysis, we obtained the existence of another chemical compounds, denoting the presence of stabilizing and reducing agent from potato extract.&#x0D; Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, green synthesis, antibacterial and active packaging

Nanostructured ZnO with Tunable Morphology from Double-Salt Ionic Liquids as Soft Template.

ZnO nanostructures with tunable morphology were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim]CH3CO2 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C2mim](CF3SO2)2N and their corresponding double-salt ILs (DSILs). ILs served as soft templates. DSILs were noted for the production of smaller particle size along with uniformity compared to their pure IL counterparts. A changeover of the shape of ZnO from nano-prism to a hexagonal disk-like structure was observed with the addition of [C2mim]CH3CO2 in the medium during synthesis while nano-dice- and rod-shaped particles were obtained from [C2mim](CF3SO2)2N. The effect of concentration of both ILs was explored for the variations of size and shape, and at high concentrations, the morphology was distinct and sharp with uniform size in each case. The synthesized products exhibited excellent phase (wurtzite) purity and polycrystalline nature. The smallest crystallite size was acquired from DSILs, indicating the advantageous effect of the dual anions. The selective adsorption effect of [C2mim]CH3CO2 on certain facets promoted the growth of ZnO clusters along the [1010] direction, while [C2mim](CF3SO2)2N favored the growth along the [0001] direction. Consequently, DSILs rendered interpenetrating hexagonal disks due to the combined action of the anions for controlling the shape. The band gap energies of the nanoparticles (NPs) were consistent with the distribution of size. Extremely strong red emission and negligible UV emission for the synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrate their potential in the advancement of optoelectronic devices.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Cymodocea Serrulata Leaf Extract and Their Biological Activities.

Introduction The utilization of Cymodocea serrulata for the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, which contain distinguishable nanostructures, presents a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative for producing zinc nanoparticles. The production process of zinc nanoparticles are rich in phytochemicals, which can serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. Zinc nanoparticles can easily pass through bacterial cell walls and reach all cellular components. C. serrulata, is a small submerged angiosperm commonly found in submerged and tidal coastal environments. Aim Analysis of the biological activities of zinc oxidenanoparticles made from C. serrulata leaf extract. Materials and Methods Dry leaves of C. serrulata were ground into a powder, which was then placed into a conical flask and filled with water. Subsequently, the color of the mixture turned black. Next, a 20 mm piece of ZnO was dissolved in a 60 ml sample of distilled water to prepare the metal solution. Following this, a wavelength scan ranging from 200 to 700 nm was conducted using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. After shaking the solution for an hour, a final reading was taken across the UV spectrum. The synthetic sample should also be centrifuged to remove any pellets and subsequently dried in a hot air oven. Result Using nanoscale profiling, the average particle size was measured and found to be less than 100 nm, specificallyUV spectrum analysis revealed a notable absorbance value of 47.0 nm, at different angles within the peak height. The wavelength range of the zinc nanoparticles was observed to be between 250 and 350 nm. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs have been demonstrated through in vitro investigations, indicating their potential application in in vivo studies.

The efficacy of ZnO-NPs prepared via green route against colon and breast cancer cells

This study is an attempt to utilize green tea [GT] extract and pomegranate peel [PP] for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The selected plants are rich in phenols therefore are awaited to successfully synthesize ZnO nanoparticles without the need for an alkylating agent. In addition, these extracts contain various functional groups that confer colloidal stability for nanoparticles and ameliorate their biocompatibility via a one pot synthesis route. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques are used to investigate both structural and morphological properties of the obtained nanoparticles [Zn-GT and Zn-PP]. To confirm the presence of functional groups adsorbed on the surface of biogenic-NPs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed. The outcomes demonstrated that only the use of green tea extract was successful in synthesizing zinc oxide from the zinc acetate dihydrate precursor, producing particles with an average size of approximately 25 nm. Anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized Zn-GT nanoparticles were assessed against human breast cancer [MCF7] and colorectal carcinoma [HCT116] cell lines. The cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles is presented with reference to normal skin [BJ1] cell line subjected to similar concentrations of the NPs. The obtained results verified a discriminative inhibition of both MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell growth upon using Zn-GT, which completely succeeded in preventing cancer cell growth.

تأثير دقائق اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المصنعة بايولوجيًا على النمط الظاهري والجيني للغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Proteus mirabilis

تصنف بكتريا Proteus mirabilis كثالث مسبب لالتهاب المجاري البولية المصاحب لتركيب أنابيب القسطرة البولية. تعد الاغشية الحيوية من عوامل الضراوة اللتي تستعملها البكتريا لمقاومة المضادات الحيوية وفي ضل تطور مقاومة البكتريا للمضادات الحيوية, صار لزامًا على العلماء والباحيثن في مجال الاحياء المجهرية أيجاد بدائل ذات كفائة عالية قادرة على اختراق جدار الخلية البكتيرية وبالتالي قتلها.في السنوات الاخيرة, اكتسبت دقائق النانو المصنعة بايولوجيا والصديقة للبيئة أهتمامًا كبيرًا من قبل الباحثين لأمتلاكها خصائص مميزة كصغر حجمها المتناهي واشكالها المختلفة يمَكنهم من استعمالها كمواد مضادة للبكتيريا في مختلف المجلات الطبية والصحية. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التحري عن قدرة دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية المصنعة بايولوجيا على تثبيط تكوين الغشاء الحيوي المنتج من قبل بكتيريا Proteus mirabilis. أنتجت هذه الدقائق بأستعمال راشح بكتيري يحتوي على الانزيمات المختزلة لملح النحاس واستخدمت عدة تقنيات لتحديد الصفات الفيزيائية المظهرية لدقائق النانو المنتجة حيث استخدمت تقنية XRD لتأكيد التركيب خماسي الشكل لهذه الدقائق , بينما استعملت تقنية TEM لتحديد قطر الجزيئات المنتجة بمعدل 84.45 نانومتر. اما FESEM فقد تم استخدامه لتحديد الصفات الخارجية لسطح جزيئات النانو المنتجة , تم تأكيد النتائج بأستخدام تقنية AFM للكشف عن توزيع و وعورة جزيئات النانو.اما UV فقد سجلت ااقصى امتصاصية على الطول الموجي nm287 .تم التحري في هذه الدراسة عن فعالية دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية في منع تكون الغشاء الحيوي حيث أستعمل مستحلب دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوي بالتركيز تحت القاتل 32 μg/ml . سجلت نتائج هذه الدراسة انخفاضا ملحوضَا في انتاج الغشاء الحيوي للبكتريا المنتجه له حيث سجلت العزلات ذات الانتاجية العالية للغشاء الحيوي ضعفأ في الانتاج بعد معاملتها بالتركيز المستعمل من دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية. جاء تأثير هذه الدقائق على كل من النمط الظاهري والتعبير الجيني لجين LuxS المسؤول عن تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بأستخدام تقنية rtPCRحيث سجلت الدراسة انخفاضا في التعبير الجيني لهذا الجين بعد معاملة سلالات البكتريا قيد الدراسة بدقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية مقارنتاً بالعزلات غير المعاملة. من خلال نتائج هذه التجربة يمكن التوصل الى امكانية اعتماد دقائق اوكسيد الزنك النانوية كعامل مضاد للبكتيريا عن استخدامه بالتركيز المناسب.

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Nauclea latifolia fruit extract for adsorption of Congo red

This study demonstrates the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by a green approach using an aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia fruit as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were subsequently engaged for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from the aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the particles with an average crystallite size of 10.05 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed characteristic peaks indicating the presence of ZnO, along with functional groups corresponding to aldehyde, carboxylic, and hydroxyl groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an agglomerated surface morphology, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed grain sizes ranging from 9.22 to 12.54 nm. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis disclosed a high specific surface area of 268.22 m2/g for the nanoparticles. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a broad absorption peak around 365 nm. Batch adsorption studies demonstrated that the optimal conditions for the adsorption of CR onto the NPs are 0.05 g of ZnO NPs, duration of 60 min, pH 3, 5 mg/g of CR dye concentration, and 25 °C. Non-linear adsorption modelling revealed that Freundlich isotherm and general-order kinetic models best fit the adsorption data. The thermodynamic investigation confirmed the exothermic, spontaneous, and feasible nature of the adsorption process, primarily driven by physical forces. Overall, this study establishes the efficiency of green-synthesized ZnO NPs for CR dye removal from aqueous solutions, presenting a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoflakes by Non-Thermal Plasma Technique and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity in Vitro

This paper describes the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using air microplasma jets as the main reaction medium. Various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV—Vis spectroscopy, were employed to confirm the characterization of the artificially synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. The absence of additional peaks associated with secondary phases of ZnO, as revealed by the XRD analysis, indicates the exceptional purity of these nanoparticles. Through the use of SEM, we examined the surface morphology and observed a substantial rate of agglomeration. The energy band gaps of ZnO nanoparticles were determined to be 3.3 electron volts (eV). The cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles were assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay on breast cancer cells exposed to various doses of the nanoparticles. The Acridine-Orange/Ethidium-bromide (AO/EB) dual stain was employed to assess apoptotic cells. The data indicate that ZnO NPs can induce apoptosis, suggesting their potential as an anticancer treatment in breast cancer cell lines. The presented findings indicate that nanoscale zinc oxide particles (ZnO NPs) possess significant potential for future utilization in many biological applications. An example of such an application could be the prospective substitution for chemotherapy in the management of various forms of cancer diseases.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Althaea officinalis Flower Extract Coated with Chitosan for Potential Healing Effects on Diabetic Wounds by Inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6/IL-1β Signaling Pathways.

Diabetes Mellitus is a multisystem chronic pandemic, wound inflammation, and healing are still major issues for diabetic patients who may suffer from ulcers, gangrene, and other wounds from uncontrolled chronic hyperglycemia. Marshmallows or Althaea officinalis (A.O.) contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics that support wound healing via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Our study aimed to develop a combination of eco-friendly formulations of green synthesis of ZnO-NPs by Althaea officinalis extract and further incorporate them into 2% chitosan (CS) gel. First, develop eco-friendly green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and incorporate them into a 2% chitosan (CS) gel. In-vitro study performed by UV-visible spectrum analysis showed a sharp peak at 390 nm, and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry showed a peak of zinc and oxygen. Besides, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) was used to qualitatively validate biosynthesized ZnO-NPs, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed spherical nanoparticles with mean sizes of 76 nm and Zeta potential +30mV. The antibacterial potential of A.O.-ZnO-NPs-Cs was examined by the diffusion agar method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Based on the zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory indices (MIC). In addition, an in-silico study investigated the binding affinity of A.O. major components to the expected biological targets that may aid wound healing. Althaea Officinalis, A.O-ZnO-NPs group showed reduced downregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and increased IL-10 levels compared to the control group signaling pathway expression levels confirming the improved anti-inflammatory effect of the self-assembly method. In-vivo study and histopathological analysis revealed the superiority of the nanoparticles in reducing signs of inflammation and wound incision in rat models. These biocompatible green zinc oxide nanoparticles, by using Althaea Officinalis chitosan gel ensure an excellent new therapeutic approach for quickening diabetic wound healing.

Facile Synthesis of Nanocomposite ZnO and Red Betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav)

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles is one of the most widely conducted research nowadays. The need for a facile and environmental synthesis method for nanomaterial is something interesting to develop. Red betel, which is a typical Indonesian herbal plant and abundant to find, has a phytochemicals property that potential application for bioreductors and capping agents. In this study, experiments were carried out with the aim of green synthesize nanocomposite ZnO-red betel leaves and studying their properties. The obtained powder was characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The results showed that the obtained sample is ZnO nanoparticles with uneven surfaces with diameter < 100 nm.

Optical, Structural and Morphological Studies of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized using Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract

This research aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using Terminalia catappa leaf extract. The synthesis method used Terminalia catappa leaves as a reductor. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis, XRD, SEM, and TEM. UV-vis spectroscopy of samples showed peak absorption in the 300-380 nm range. The results of XRD characterization show that the ZnO nanoparticles crystal structure is hexagonal wurtzite, where the highest peak of reflection occurs at the reflection angle 2θ=36.24 of the crystal plan (101). SEM characterization results refer to flower-shaped morphology with a size distribution between 392-423 nm. These findings reveal morphology insight into the photocatalytic of ZnO nano-flowers for the environment.