Synthesis Of ZnO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Carica papaya L. Latex Mediated Green Synthesis of Zno Nanoparticles for its Antimicrobial Activity

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have gained potential recognition because of their distinctive characteristics and wide utilizatrion in various fields. Therefore, development of novel biological techniques is significant for the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the latex of Carica papaya L. Plant latex is a natural product produced by a number of plant species which are used by different tribal communities in India as a folk medicinal treatment on natural wounds or cuts. Plant latex has a huge demand as herbal products in an aspect of clinical, therapeutical and also in agricultural sectors. Natural latex is composed of different important biomolecules like, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, saponins etc. These different active chemical constituents have versatile medicinal activities against different pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoans etc. This study reports on the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (Zn NPs)using latex of C. papaya as an effective reducing agent. Green synthesis of nanoparticles has advantageous over conventional methodsbecause it does not require the use of toxic chemicals and therefore environmentally sustainable. The elemental composition of C. papaya latex was also analysed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique. Properties of synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using various methods such as ultra violet visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles also assessed for its antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal species.

Bio-Mediated Synthesis of ZnO Nano Photocatalyst using C. gigantea (L.): Microstructural Study for Rapid Degradation of Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Medium

The purpose of this paper was to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) from Calotropis gigantea (L.) and use them as photocatalyst for the elimination of wastewater contaminants, methyl orange (MO), and paracetamol (PCM) by UV irradiation. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show a peak at a wavelength of 374 nm with excitonic band gap of 3.41 eV. The hexagonal unit cell with mean crystallite size of 29.13 nm was found from the XRD pattern. The FESEM images confirms the formation of nanostructures. The bio-mediated nanoparticles are used as nano photocatalysts to eliminate MO and PCM. The effects of irradiation time, photocatalyst dose, dye concentration, and solution pH on photodegradation were studied in MO. Furthermore, the photodegradation of paracetamol was also investigated.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles from aqueous extract of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

Objective: To synthesise and characterise Pennisetum purpureum zinc oxide nanoparticles from aqueous extracts of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Methodology: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised with aqueous extract of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and zinc acetate dihydrate. It was characterized by using various dispersion methods such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the morphology, crystallographic structure, chemical composition, physical properties and crystalline size of the nanoparticles. Results: The results showed that Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using various dispersion methods. UV–Vis spectra showed typical absorption peaks around 370nm (Pennisetum purpureum). FTIR revealed the presence of biomolecules and functional groups (C-O, O-H, CH, C≡C, C=C, N-O) that performs various functions like stabilizers, capping and coating agents in nanoparticle synthesis. XRD revealed the crystallographic structure, chemical composition, physical properties and crystalline size of the nanoparticles. The average crystalline size of zinc oxide nanoparticles was calculated using Debye–Scherer equation and the average size was 23.37nm. Conclusion: In this study, simple and green method for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and characterization using various dispersion methods was described. The formation of zinc oxide nanoparticle was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The FTIR spectrum showed that the phytochemicals found in the plant extract was incorporated into the zinc oxide nanoparticle as capping and stabilizing agents. XRD results revealed the average size of 23.37nm (Pennisetum purpureum ZnO) and Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the morphology to be spherical.

HMT Surfactant Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Effect on Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities: An Impact Evidence of Strong Morphology

HMT Surfactant Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Effect on Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities: An Impact Evidence of Strong Morphology

Harnessing Novel Zinc(II) Coordination Complex for Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Boasting Remarkable Photocatalytic Degradation and Targeted Detection of Cr(VI) and Hg(II) Ions

Harnessing Novel Zinc(II) Coordination Complex for Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Boasting Remarkable Photocatalytic Degradation and Targeted Detection of Cr(VI) and Hg(II) Ions

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects.

Nosocomial bacterial infections have become increasingly challenging due to their inherent resistance to antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in hospitals has been attributed to the extensive and varied use of antibiotics, further exacerbating the problem of antibiotic resistance. Metal nanomaterials have been widely studied as an alternative solution for eradicating antibiotic-resistant bacterial cells. Metallic nanoparticles attack bacterial cells through various mechanisms, such as the release of antibacterial ions, generation of reactive oxygen species, or physical disruption, against which bacteria cannot develop resistance. Among the actively researched antimicrobial metal nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, which are FDA-approved, are known for their biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. In this study, we focused on successfully developing a precipitation method for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles, analyzing the properties of these nanoparticles, and conducting antimicrobial tests. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial tests were conducted using the broth microdilution test with the multidrug-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study demonstrated the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in inhibiting the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Facile Green Synthesis of Undoped ZnO and Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Albizia lebbeck leaf extract: Electrochemical Insights and Anti-Corrosion Potential

Facile Green Synthesis of Undoped ZnO and Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Albizia lebbeck leaf extract: Electrochemical Insights and Anti-Corrosion Potential

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by green routes: controlling morphologies by maintaining pH

The synthesis of metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticles has attracted much attention in recent past. Nanoparticles are broadly used in solar energy conversion, catalysis, varistors, gas sensors, and non-linear optics, etc. Due to their wide band gap properties, zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used in numerous applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have a wide band gap of approximately 3.3 eV. In this work, we have reported synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles having rod-like, spherical and flower-like structures. We have used zinc acetate dehydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2. 2H2O] and aqueous extract of Dahlia Pinnata leaves and deionized water. Dahlia Pinnata leaves extract has not been previously used to prepare ZnO NPs. It serves as a reducing and capping agent. We have analyzed the presence of chemicals in the extract using FTIR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy techniques. It is found that the unique morphology of ZnO NPs flower-like structures, enhances it's sensing properties in comparison to the spherical ones. We have used UV–vis-nir spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy(FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis and have explored the opto-electronic properties of ZnO nanoparticles and have correlated with their structural and morphological properties.

The treatment of food industries wastewater using synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles

ABSTRACT Food and dairy processing industries consume large quantities of clean water for various processes throughout the plant operations and consequently generate large amounts of wastewater. The objective of this study is to treat the wastewater of food and dairy industries using ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to control the pH level and reduce contamination levels. The wastewater from three industries was tested for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The ZnO NPs are prepared with an average size of less than 100 nm by using a simple precipitation method. The obtained particles were characterised by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) proving the nano size of Zinc Oxide nano particles. The effluents have been treated with the ZnO NPs by varying doses resulting in reducing all contaminants to an acceptable level as recommended by concerned environmental organisations.

Degradation of Microplastics by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Piper longum Leaf Extract.

Background: The environmental hazards posed by microplastics have drawn considerable concern due to their buildup in ecosystems. Microplastics accumulate in human saliva, skin, and hair. Developing effective technology for managing and degrading microplastics remains a substantial challenge. In a concerted attempt to save the ecology, this study explores the photocatalytic breakdown of common microplastics like polystyrene (PS) microspheres and polyethylene (PE) using green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) under UV light exposure. Aim: To synthesize and characterize zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared using the extract of the leaves of Piper longumand qualitatively assess the photocatalytic degradation potential of the nanoparticles under light microscopy. Material and Methods:A fresh extract of P. longum leaves was used as a reducing agent to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV-Vis spectra analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to characterize the nanoparticles. Microplastics were isolated from the saliva of 50 healthy patients and were purified and filtered. In a six-well microtiter plate, 0.5 μg of varying concentrations of nanoparticles were added. After fixing with 15% formaldehyde, microplasticswere subjected to UV irradiation for 2 hours with different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (25, 50, 75,and 100 µg). Custom photoreactors activated the photocatalysts to degrade the microplastic pollutants. The six-well microtiter plate was viewed under 40x magnification in a light microscope to observe microplastic morphology after 24 hours of degradation. Results: The FTIR spectrum showed distinct peaks at 890.51 cm⁻¹, indicating the involvement of C-N in-plane vibrations of amino acids. XRD analysis revealed three distinct diffraction peaks at 31.68°, 34.39°, and 36.33°, corresponding to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles ranged from 50 to 90 nm in size, viewed at 100x magnification on SEM. The highest degradation of microplastics was observed ataZnO NPconcentration of 100 µL, with the ZnO NPs 50-90 nm in size. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Piper longum leaf extract effectively degrade microplastics, with the highest degradation observed at a 100 µL concentration of ZnO nanoparticles and optimal degradation occurring at a concentration of 75 µL.

Evaluation of the effect of green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Candida albicans

Evaluation of the effect of green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Candida albicans

Photocatalytic Potential of Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in Dye Removal Compared to TiO₂; a Performance Evaluation

Photocatalytic Potential of Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in Dye Removal Compared to TiO₂; a Performance Evaluation

Sustainable synthesis of ZnO and FexOy nanoparticles and their nanocomposite ZnFe2O4: Comprehensive characterization and applications in antioxidant activity and antibiotics degradation efficiency

This study focuses on developing and evaluating eco-friendly nanoparticles, specifically FexOy NPs, ZnO NPs, and a ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite (NC), for potential applications in environmental remediation and biomedicine. The nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed their crystalline structures with sizes of 20.3 nm for FexOy NPs, 22.1 nm for ZnO NPs, and 10.9 nm for ZnFe2O4 NC. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified functional groups, while UV–visible spectroscopy determined band gap energies of 2.35 eV, 3.38 eV, and 2.68 eV for FexOy NPs, ZnO NPs, and ZnFe2O4 NC, respectively. Morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that FexOy NPs have cubic, hexagonal, and tetragonal forms, ZnO NPs are hexagonal nanorods, and ZnFe2O4 NC has a hexagonal-faced cubic structure. Antioxidant activity, assessed through the DPPH assay, revealed that ZnFe2O4 NC had the highest potency. Additionally, under sunlight irradiation, ZnFe2O4 NC demonstrated superior degradation of the antibiotic cephalexin (96 % within 30 min) compared to FexOy NPs (58.2 %) and ZnO NPs (52 %), with respective kinetic rate constants of 0.109 min−1, 0.029 min−1, and 0.025 min−1. These results highlight the nanoparticles’ potential for environmental and biomedical applications.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Marine Actinomycetes and its Antimicrobial Application

The aim of the study is to biosynthesize and characterize Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and to evaluate their antibacterial potential. Several isolates of the actinomycetes strain were isolated from marine sediments, and the strain was morphologically identified as actinomycetes and screened for ZnO-NPs synthesis. N5 strain showed potent activity while screening against human pathogens and further ZnO-NPs were synthesized for anti-bacterial studies. The ZnO-NPs were characterized using physio-chemical techniques such as ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier- Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of ZnO-NPs was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)and revealed cubic shaped. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were subjected for their antibacterial potential against human pathogens of both gram-positive and negative bacteria, using the agar well diffusion method. The ZnO-NPs showed positive results on both pathogens, Staphylococcus showed higher activity, followed by E. coli. The synthesized ZnO-NPs have good antibacterial activity which pay way to develope new antimicrobial compounds in pharmaceutical sectors.

Evaluation of biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Paecilomyces farinosus on the biology of sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis)

The sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, is a major pest of stored grains such as rice, wheat, barley, and legumes. This insect is highly adaptable and poses a persistent threat in diverse climatic conditions and storage environments. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the fungus Paecilomyces farinosus on the life stages (eggs, second and fourth instar larvae, and 24-hour-old pupae) of O. surinamensis. The fungus was tested at spore densities of 3×10⁷, 3×10⁵, and 3×10³ spores/ml. The results showed that the highest mortality rates for eggs, second instar larvae, fourth instar larvae, and 24-hour-old pupae at a concentration of 3×10⁷ spores/ml were 40.3%, 58.7%, 39.01%, and 55.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the study evaluated the impact of nano-zinc oxide (ZnONPs) on O. surinamensis at concentrations of 3000, 2000, and 1000 ppm. Various characteristics of the prepared ZnONPs, such as shape, size, and maximum absorption by ultraviolet spectroscopy, were analyzed. The results indicated 100% mortality of eggs treated with concentrations of 3000 ppm and 2000 ppm. The highest mortality rates for second instar larvae and 24-hour-old pupae were 80% and 20%, respectively, at a concentration of 2000 ppm. For fourth instar larvae, the highest mortality rate was 68.22% at a concentration of 3000 ppm. The study demonstrated that ZnONPs at all tested concentrations were more effective than the fungal suspension in causing mortality of eggs and second and fourth instar larvae. Moreover, the germination rate of rice grains treated with direct spraying was not affected by any of the treatments.

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles in Zinc chloride:Choline chloride deep eutectic solvent-characterization antibacterial and antioxidant agents

To assess the effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the development of bacteria, they are synthesized in a deep eutectic solvent mixture of zinc chloride and choline chloride (ZC-DES). Zn–O exhibits vibrational and stretching modes at 619 cm−1 and 1607 cm−1, respectively, as determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The UV–Vis spectra analyses are used to calculate the band gap values for the green synthesized nanoparticle. The XRD diffractogram demonstrates the nanocrystalline nature of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs effectively limit E. coli growth at 1000 g/disc, exhibiting a 13 mm zone of inhibition. They scavenge 54.12 % DPPH and 47.13 % DMPD free radicals at 1000 g/mL. Hence, the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles can be used for biomedical applications due to their antibacterial properties.

Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Bauhinia variegata buds extract and evaluation of their multi-faceted biological potentials

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have wide range biological, biomedical and environmental applications. However, traditional nanofabrication of ZnONPs uses various toxic chemicals and organic solvents which limit their bio-applications. To overcome this hurdle, Bauhinia variegata derived buds extract was utilized to fabricate ZnONPs. The greenly generated ZnONPs were successfully prepared and extensively characterized using different analytical tools and the average crystalline size was calculated as 25.47 nm. Further, bioengineered ZnONPs were explored for multiple biological activities that revealed excellent therapeutic potentials. The antibacterial potential was determined using different bacterial strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 137.5 µg/mL) was reported to be the most resistant variant while Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 34.38 µg/mL) was observed to be most susceptible bacterial strain. DPPH radical scavenging potential was measured to determine the antioxidant capacity of ZnONPs and the highest scavenging potential was observed as 82% at highest of 300 µg/mL. The fungicidal effect of green ZnONPs in comparison with Amphotericin B was assessed against five selected pathogenic fungal strains. The results revealed, Fusarium solani (MIC: 46.875 µg/mL) was least resistant and Aspergillus flavus (MIC: 187.5 µg/mL) was most resistant in fungicidal examination. Cytotoxicity potential of B.V@ZnONPs was analyzed against newly hatched nauplii of brine shrimps. The results for greenly produced ZnONPs was recorded as 39.78 µg/mL while 3.006 µg/mL was reported for positive control vincristine sulphate. The results confirmed the category of general cytotoxic for greenly synthesized nano sized B.V@ZnONPs.

Optimized UV-barrier carboxymethyl cellulose-based edible coatings reinforced with green synthesized ZnO-NPs for food packaging applications

AbstractThe widespread use of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the production of edible coatings is returned to its biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic nature. However, neat CMC edible coatings lack UV-shielding activity and have poor antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to develop a CMC-based coating with optimal UV-barrier properties by incorporating aloe vera (AV) and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The composition and synergistic effects of CMC, AV, and ZnO-NPs were optimized using central composite design to achieve the best UV-barrier properties. When using the optimized compositions of CMC (1.0 g), AV (3.0 g), and ZnO-NPs (5.0 wt%), the minimum UV-transmittance achieved was 4.75%. Fourier transform infra-red and wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used to confirm the interactions between the coating components. The incorporation of ZnO-NPs into CMC/AV was validated through surface morphology analysis via scanning electron microscopy and by examining the distribution of ZnO-NPs using transmission electron microscopy. CMC/AV/ZnO-NPs coatings showed excellent water barrier, mechanical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties when compared with the neat carboxymethyl cellulose coating. In addition, CMC/AV/ZnO-NPs coatings significantly resisted both mass loss and spoilage of green capsicum for a 15-day storage period. These results proved that the optimized coating could replace the plastic packaging candidates and be used potentially to preserve food products.

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles from Dysoxylum binectariferum Fruit Extract and Assessment of Antimicrobial Potential

AbstractThe current investigation focuses on producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing a quick, economical, and environmentally friendly approach employing aqueous fruit extracts of Dysoxylum binectariferum plant. The ZnO NPs were thoroughly characterized using P‐XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and BET techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles’ anti‐bacterial properties were evaluated against Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. pyogenes). The findings indicated that the synthesized material exhibited greater efficacy against Gram‐negative bacterial infections, especially E. coli. Furthermore, the anti‐fungal activity was examined using the C. albicans strain, demonstrating that the synthesized ZnO NPs were twice as effective against C. albicans compared to the conventional medication Griseofulvin. In contrast, Griseofulvin, with a 500 μM MIC against the C. albicans pathogenic fungal strain, did not display the same level of efficacy.

Innovative approaches in invertase immobilization: Utilizing green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles to improve biochemical properties

Invertase enzyme can effectively improve the taste, color, and durability of these products. Various methods have been proposed to increase the stability and efficiency of enzymes. One of the most important is enzyme immobilization, which can be implemented on different materials. The purpose of this study was to immobilize the invertase enzyme on the surface of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and to investigate its biochemical properties. The enzyme immobilization was confirmed by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Then, the biochemical characteristics, such as optimal pH and temperature, thermal stability, and storage stability of free and immobilized enzymes, were determined. The results of SEM showed that the diameter of synthesized nanoparticles was about 60 ± 5 nm. FTIR of immobilized invertase confirmed the immobilization process. The immobilization efficiency was determined to be 72 %. Immobilized enzyme showed higher thermal stability at 40 and 50 °C. Immobilized enzyme could be used 8 times in optimum condition. Also, an Examination of the kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme compared with those of the free enzyme showed a decrease in the maximum velocity of the enzyme. It seems that the immobilized invertase has improved characteristics for application in different industries.