Synthesis Of ZnO Nanoparticles Research Articles

The Solution Combustion Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Allium schoenoprasum (Chives) as a Green Fuel

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely recognized for their distinctive properties and versatile applications across diverse technological domains. However, traditional methods of synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by environmental incompatibility, high costs, and the necessity for precise process control to attain the intended particle dimensions and morphology. The present study utilized a chives extract as a sustainable and eco-friendly fuel in the solution combustion synthesized (SCS) process to produce ZnO nanoparticles. The investigation encompassed an analysis of the impact of the fuel-to-oxidizer (F/O) ratio on the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles’ size, morphology, and crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the particle’s crystallite size increased significantly from 12 nm to 42 nm after decreasing the F/O ratio. Furthermore, electron microscopic imagery and FTIR spectroscopy outcomes indicated that modifications in the F/O ratio significantly influenced the SCS process parameters, forming particles with diverse morphologies, including spherical, pyramid-like, hexagonal, and hexagonal plate-like shapes. This research presents a straightforward, cost-efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach for producing ZnO nanoparticles with diverse morphologies, presenting a broad potential for various applications.

Insights for Precursors Influence on the Solar-Assisted Photocatalysis of Greenly Synthesizing Zinc Oxide NPs towards Fast and Durable Wastewater Detoxification

Herein, this study has examined the influence of Zn2+ sources during a biogenic-mediated pathway to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with highly desirable solar-responsive catalytic properties. Salts of nitrate, acetate and chloride have been utilized. The ZnO powders underwent characterization using diverse analytical tools, including XRD, FTIR, Raman, BET, SEM, TEM with EDS/elemental mapping and UV-vis absorption/emission spectroscopic analyses. Accordingly, precursors have proved to affect crystallinity, morphology, surface characteristics, optical properties and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) model pollutant. It was observed that ZnO derived from zinc acetate precursor (Z-AC NPs) exhibits very fast photocatalytic degradation of MB at pH 11 with superior kinetic estimates of 0.314 min−1 and t1/2 = 2.2 min over many of recent reports. In contrast, the chloride precursor is not recommended along with the employed biogenic route. The intriguing findings could be directly correlated to the decreased crystal size, augmented surface area, the hexagonal morphology of the crystals, high potency in absorbing visible photons, high efficacy in separating photogenerated charge carriers and producing high amounts of •OH radicals. Further testing of Z-AC NPs in photocatalytic remediation of water samples from Dumat Aljandal Lake in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia, contaminated with MB and pyronine Y (PY) dyestuffs, showed high dye photodegradation. Therefore, this work could lead to an extremely fast avenue for decontaminating wastewater from hazmat dyestuff.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Wodyetia bifurcata fruit peel extract: multifaceted potential in wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications.

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) derived from W. bifurcata fruit peel extract. ZnONPs are frequently synthesized utilizing a green technique that is both cost-effective and ecologically friendly. ZnONPs were characterized utilizing analytical techniques. Ultra Violet visible (UV-Vis) spectra showed peaks at 364nm, confirming the production of ZnONPs. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis indicated that the nanoparticles generated were spherical/agglomerated, with diameters ranging from 11 to 25nm. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the particular functional groups responsible for the nanoparticles' reduction, stabilization, and capping. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and resins were present. The antibacterial activity of W. bifurcata synthesised nanoparticles was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria. The ZnONPs antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH assay. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed against prostate cancer PC3 cells. The wound healing potential was assessed by employing in vitro scratch assay and in vivo excision model in Wistar rats. Because of its environmentally benign production, low toxicity, and biocompatibility, ZnONPs exhibited potential antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and wound healing activities, indicating that they could be used in cancer treatment and wound management. Further study is required to examine the fundamental mechanisms and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the test sample in clinical situations.

Effect of Isopropanol on Optical Properties of Fe3O4/ZnO/Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) Nanocomposite

This study aims to investigate the impact of isopropanol on the optical properties of the Fe₃O₄/ZnO/GQDs nanocomposite. The synthesis of Fe₃O₄ and ZnO nanoparticles was conducted using the coprecipitation method, followed by the synthesis of GQDs using the hydrothermal method with varying concentrations of isopropanol. Subsequently, the Fe₃O₄/ZnO nanocomposite was combined with GQDs synthesized using the sonication method. The amalgamation of magnetic and luminescent materials holds promise for applications in the biomedical field, particularly in bioimaging. XRD data analysis revealed crystal structure alterations attributed to the incorporation of carbon elements in both ZnO and Fe₃O₄. The TEM results indicated a particle size of 16.2 nm for the Fe₃O₄/ZnO/GQDs nanocomposite with a 10 ml isopropanol variation. Identified phases from the XRD analysis include Fe₃O₄, ZnO, and GQDs. UV-Vis spectroscopy detected distinctive absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 323.7 nm, 333.0 nm, 329.9 nm, and 323.9 nm. Moreover, the energy gap exhibited an increase with escalating concentrations of isopropanol in the GQDs. Photoluminescence analysis yielded robust, broad emission bands characterized by orange and red luminescence.

Synergistic Antifungal Efficiency of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Combination with Fluconazole against Drug-Resistant Candidal Strains

Synergistic Antifungal Efficiency of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Combination with Fluconazole against Drug-Resistant Candidal Strains

Antifungal properties and molecular docking of ZnO NPs mediated using medicinal plant extracts

Significant postharvest losses and food safety issues persist in many developing nations, primarily due to fungal activities, including mycotoxin production. In this study, green synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared from leaf extracts of Syzygium cordatum (ZnO 1), Lippia javanica (ZnO 2), Bidens pilosa (ZnO 3), and Ximenia caffra (ZnO 4). Physicochemical characteristics of the ZnO-NPs were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission Infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a wurtzite crystal structure in the hexagonal shape of the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), with an average size ranging between 25 and 43 nm. The microscopic examination of the morphology revealed the presence of spherical particles with sizes ranging from 37 to 47 nm in diameter. The antifungal efficacy of the ZnO-NPs was assessed against pathogenic plant fungi, including Botrytis sp. (STEU 7866), Penicillium sp. (STEU 7865), and Pilidiella granati (STEU 7864), using the poisoned food technique. Further antifungal evaluation of the ZnOPs was performed using the broth microdilution assay. A significant interaction between the type of ZnO-NPs and fungal species was observed, with the highest susceptibility in Mucor sp. to ZnO 2, achieving over 50% inhibition. Penicillium sp. also showed high susceptibility to all ZnO-NPs. Molecular docking results confirmed the strong H-bonding interactions of ZnO-NPs with fungal receptors in Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp., Botrytis sp. and P. granati exhibited the least susceptibility. Further tests revealed that ZnO 2 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on Botrytis sp., with a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/mL, attributed to its larger positive zeta potential. This study indicates that ZnO NPs, particularly those mediated using Lippia javanica (ZnO 2), have promising potential as effective antifungal agents, which could play a significant role in reducing postharvest decay and losses.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial Activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have wide-ranging applications and can be synthesized using environmentally friendly green synthesis methods as an alternative to conventional approaches. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an extremely perilous bacterium known for its multidrug-resistant (MDR) nature, posing a significant threat to hospitalized patients and those with compromised immune systems. The bacterium's ability to withstand multiple antibiotics, combined with its capacity to form biofilms, contributes to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. The intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa, along with its ability to form biofilms, further complicates treatment and exacerbates the severity of infections, particularly in susceptible patient populations. Objective: The main objective of this study was to utilize extracts from Ocimum basilicum leaves in a green synthesis approach to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, the research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of these synthesized nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extract of O. basilicum plants under various parameters. The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was verified using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy. Specifically, they demonstrated antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa pathogens. Different concentrations of both O. basilicum extract and synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were tested against P. aeruginosa and observed antibacterial activity. Results: indicated that the ZnO NPs synthesized from O. basilicum exhibited stronger antibacterial activity compared to the plant extract alone. The most effective concentrations were found to be 1.0, 1.5, and 3 mg/ml of prepared ZnO nanoparticles. Increasing the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles resulted in enhanced inhibition of bacterial growth in P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The green synthesis of ZnO NPs using plant extracts has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa. The high concentration of the ZnO NPs resulted in larger inhibition zones at higher concentrations. These findings underscore the possibility of green-synthesized ZnO NPs as an antimicrobial agent for P. aeruginosa. The environmentally friendly and cost-effective nature of the green synthesis method further enhances its appeal for future applications in antibacterial treatments.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus leaf extract for effective calcium removal from groundwater

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus leaf extract for effective calcium removal from groundwater

Zinc oxide/barite nanocomposite from Trachyspermum ammi plant extract: A novel agent against protoscolices of Echinococcusgranulosus

Hydatid disease is a shared illness between humans and livestock that impacts the health of both humans and animals, and it also presents considerable risks to the global economy. The current study aims to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc oxide/barite nanocomposites (ZnO/Brt NC) modified with chitosan (ZnO/Brt/Chit NC), using aqueous extract of the Trachyspermum ammi plant and a chemical method. The scolicidal effect, IC50, and mRNA expression of the caspase-3 gene on protoscolices were measured using Real-time PCR to identify nanomaterials (NMs) with superior biological efficacy against hydatid cyst protoscolices. The characteristics of these NMs were examined using techniques such as XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDS, DLS, ZP, and PDI. Colloidal sizes for ZnO NPs, ZnO/Brt NC, and ZnO/Brt/Chit NC synthesized via the green method, and ZnO/Brt NC and chemically-synthesized ZnO/Brt/Chit NC were found to be 28.18, 68.10, 106.60, 85.90, and 165.60 nm, respectively. These NCs, which possess crystalline structures and spherical morphology, have been stabilized on a barite substrate. The zeta potential obtained for the green-synthesized NCs is −22.80 mV, and for those synthesized chemically, it is −19.70 mV. Results indicate that ZnO NPs and green-synthesized ZnO/Brt NC have the strongest scolicidal effect. At a concentration of 200 mg/mL, ZnO NPs achieved 100 % lethality in 60 min and ZnO/Brt NC in 30 min. The IC50 values for ZnO NPs and ZnO/Brt NC were 858.3 and 1205 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, chemically-synthesized and chitosan-modified NCs showed a weaker scolicidal effect. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, a significant increase in caspase-3 gene expression was observed for ZnO NPs (6.66 ± 0.94), (p = 0.003) and green-synthesized ZnO/Brt NC (5.06 ± 1.27), (p = 0.02), suggesting these NMs could be effective scolicidal agents In vivo conditions.

Polymer precursor method for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: A novel approach

This study presents a novel approach to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using a polymer precursor method, offering precise control over particle size in the nanometer scale. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are of significant interest due to their wide-ranging applications in various fields such as solar cells, gas sensors, photocatalysts, and nanomedicines. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The distinct hexagonal form detected in the XRD pattern, featuring characteristic reflection planes at angles of 31.72° (100), 34.39° (002), 36.23° (101), and 47.44° (102), signifies the synthesis of ZnO possessing a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The SEM and TEM images revealed uniformly spherical particles with an average size ranging from 35 to 40 nm. Such uniform morphology and size distribution are critical for ensuring consistent performance in applications such as gas sensing and catalysis. Additionally, the FTIR spectra indicated a reduction in impurities after the synthesis process, highlighting the effectiveness of the polymer precursor method in producing high-quality ZnO nanoparticles. Heating the ZnO precursor material at 400°C for 2 hours significantly reduces impurities, suggesting conversion to ZnO nanoparticles.

Toxic Congo Red Dye Photodegradation Employing Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Gum Arabic

Toxic Congo Red Dye Photodegradation Employing Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Gum Arabic

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using pistia stratiotes for anticancer and antibacterial applications

Green synthesis techniques have recently become more popular due to the expanding interest in nanotechnology and the need for ecologically friendly synthesis processes. This work examines the environment friendly production of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by a microwave-assisted technique, utilizing Pistia Stratiotes leaf extract as a reducing agent. The optical and structural properties of the produced ZnO NPs were analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and x-ray Diffraction (XRD). The findings indicated that the ZnO NPs displayed shapes consisting spherical, flower and sheet, with an average size of 35 nm which was verified by SEM and TEM. The XRD examination confirmed the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, while the FTIR analysis identified a distinct peak at 578 cm−1, which indicates the stretching mode of Zn-O bonds. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the substance were evaluated against Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Candida Albicans. The results demonstrated notable effectiveness, as indicated by inhibition zones measuring 16–20.4 mm, 17–21.3 mm, and 13–17.2 mm correspondingly. In addition, the ZnO NPs exhibited specific anti-cancer effects on SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell lines, with an IC50 value of 51.05 μg ml−1, suggesting potential uses in therapy. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using microwave-assisted green synthesis to create ZnO NPs with favorable characteristics for biomedical purposes, with a particular focus on sustainable manufacturing of nanomaterials. The results indicate that these ZnO NPs show great potential for application in antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer therapies, leading to developments in the field of medical nanotechnology.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide NPs as a New Catalyst for the Synthesis of Imidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline Derivatives with Docking Validation as Aurora Kinase (AKI-001) Inhibitors

Abstract: As natural capping reagents, flaxseed gel, caprylic/capric triglyceride, aloe vera, and propylene glycol were utilized in the synthesis of ZnO-NPs in the current study. The synthesized ZnO NPs structure was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The prepared ZnO-NPs were used as an efficient catalyst for the production of a new series of fused polynuclear heterocyclic system-based imidazoquinazoline by multicomponent reaction. The reaction was initiated by mixing 2-aminobenzimidazole, aryl/hetaryl aldehydes, and betanaphthol under solvent-free conditions at 60-70°C in the presence of a catalytic amount of the synthesized ZnO-NPs. As demonstrated by molecular docking, the prepared ligands (4, 7, 8, 9, and 11) exhibited outstanding validation as aurora kinase inhibitors in comparison to AKI-001, the prototype pentacyclic inhibitor.

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from the medicinal plant Salvia fruticosa Mill.: Green approach for potential biomedical application against Zn deficiency in humans

We hypothesized that we could prepare ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a biomedical application treatment of zinc deficiency in human populations. In this study, we report a formulation prepared using a low-cost method for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs by utilizing the medicinal species Salvia fruticosa as natural raw material and Zn(NO3)2∙6H2O as a Zn source. The final product was identified and characterized by elemental analysis using X-ray energy-scattering spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS Spectroscopy), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and morphometric analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, crystallization was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Afterward, ZnO NPs thus produced were utilized for foliar spraying on S. fruticosa open cultures, and Zn fortification in the foliage. Then, their effects on the biosynthesis of essential oils, and Zn bioavailability to humans were studied through different modes of consumption.ZnO NPs produced using our method were spherical while some were hexagonal, with an average size of approximately 22 nm, based on XRD results. The green synthesis method devised in this study afforded ZnO NPs from Zn(NO3)2∙6H2O with a 95 % yield, and consequently yielded economic benefits with respect to the current market prices. Foliage Zn fortification and the desired features were successfully achieved using ZnO NPs, and the proper mode of consumption of this medicinal plant has been recommended in this study.In conclusion, the methodology described in this study enables eco-friendly green synthesis of ZnO NPs at a low cost using S. fruticosa and puts forward a contemporary and integrated biomedical use of ZnO NPs to treat disorders resulting from or related to Zn deficiency.

An Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Mn-doped ZnO Nanoparticles and its Enhanced Antibacterial, Electrochemical and Photocatalytic behaviors: Effect of Doping Concentration

An Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Mn-doped ZnO Nanoparticles and its Enhanced Antibacterial, Electrochemical and Photocatalytic behaviors: Effect of Doping Concentration

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Application on Cotton Fabrics to Obtain Superhydrophobic Surfaces

حضرت جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوية ZnO (NPs) بطريقة كيميائية رطبة عند درجتي حرارة مختلفتين (30-90) ̊C باستخدام كلوريد الزنك كبادئ في وسط مائي. تم توصيف جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر باستخدام المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح (SEM) ,حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ، وطيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) ، أشارت أنماط الأشعة السينية الى بنية سداسية (wurtizte) بمتوسط حجم بلوري (19.5-23nm) لجسيمات أوكسيد الزنك المحضرة عند درجتي الحرارة (30-90 ̊C)على التوالي. أظهرت صور المجهر الالكتروني الماسح أنه مع زيادة درجة الحرارة ، تغير شكل جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي من الأسلاك النانوية إلى االشكل الكروي . لتصنيع قماش قطني فائق المقاومة للماء. تم غمر القماش في محلول غروواني لأوكسيد الزنك بتركيز (1٪) ,ثم تعديله لاحقًا بحمض الشمع . تم توصيف القماش القطني المعالج باستخدام المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح (SEM) واختبار زاوية التماس (CA) .أظهرت نتائج المجهر الالكتروني الماسح أن جسيمات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند(90 ̊C) خلق خشونة على سطح القطن أفضل من جسيمات أكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضرعند (30 ̊C). أظهرت نتائج اختبار زاوية التماس CA خصائص فائقة الكره للماء لعينات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند(90 ̊C) ، بينما أظهرت عينات أوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند(30 ̊C) خصائص كارهة للماء فقط بعد التعديل بحمض الشمع. تم استخدام تراكيز مختلفة من حمض الشمع لجعل سطح أوكسيد الزنك كارهاً للماء. أظهرت نتائج زاوية التماس (CA) أن القماش القطني المعالج بأوكسيد الزنك النانوي المحضر عند الدرجة (90 ̊C) المعدل ب 1٪ وزناً من حمض الشمع أظهر سطحاً فائق الكره للماء بزاوية تماس (CA=154̊ ).

Facile synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Nigella Sativa extract and its role as catalyst in production of bio-oil and degradation of methylene blue dye

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an environmentally benign biogenic approach employing an extract of kernels of Nigella Sativa (kalonji). The presence of primary and secondary metabolites in Nigella Sativa extract acted as the capping and reducing agent. The as-synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using various advanced techniques i.e., UV, SEM, XRD, EDS, TGA, DSC, and FTIR spectra. UV characterization of ZnO NPs revealed a peak within the 350-400 cm−1 range, confirming their successful formation. XRD spectra revealed that the particles possess a nano-rods and platelets structure, with an average size of 65 nm. XRD analysis revealed that the particles possess a size of 65 nm with a nano-rods and platelets structure. FTIR spectra of the ZnO NPs exhibited a peak at a wavenumber range of 500–600 cm−1. The newly fabricated ZnO NPs were utilized in a pyrolysis reaction for the production of high-yield bio-oil, resulting in a maximum yield of 65.6 % at 350 °C. The spectra of the bio-oil display distinct peaks at 1340 cm−1, 2923.6 cm−1, and 1617 cm−1, which suggest the existence of phenolic and carbonyl chemicals. After incubating for 24 h under UV light, they also demonstrated significant catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. The highest degradation was recorded to be an average of 71 % in 60 min of UV exposure. Taken together, ZnO NPs developed by eco-benign methods have the potential to be implemented as a novel catalytic system in the production of bio-oil as well as the remediation of dye-harboring industrial wastewater.

Facile biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lupinus albus L (Gibto) seed extract for antibacterial and photocatalytic applications

This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Lupinus albus L. (white lupin) seed extract and investigate their photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. Phytochemical analysis of the seed extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Three ZnO NP samples were prepared using different ratios of the seed extract and zinc nitrate and one sample without seed extract as a control. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, and the average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 20.96–30.67 nm, exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The photo catalytic activity of the ZnO NPs was evaluated by the degradation of malachite green dye under visible light. The results showed that ZnO NPs synthesized with the seed extract, particularly the 9:1 and 3:2 ratios, exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, with degradation efficiencies of 98 % and 97 %, respectively, compared to the ZnO NPs prepared without the extract (89 % degradation). The antibacterial activity of the ZnO NPs was assessed against four bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. The ZnO NPs synthesized with the seed extract demonstrated the greatest activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, with an inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.58 mm, while the ZnO NPs without the extract showed lower antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using Lupinus albus L. seed extract is a promising approach for the development of materials with efficient photocatalytic and antibacterial properties.

Antibacterial evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/chitosan nanocomposite embedded curcumin@zinc oxide

This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of PVA/PVP/Cs (Polyvinyl alcohol/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/Chitosan) composite membranes embedded with ZnO (zinc oxide) nanoparticles and curcumin as a natural polyphenol with well-known antimicrobial properties. A series of nanocomposite membranes were successfully developed via a solution casting method with varying ZnO loading (2–20 wt%) and fixed 5 wt% curcumin content and physiochemically characterized. Structural and compositional analyses using XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM characterizations confirmed the successful incorporation and homogeneous distribution of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles within the amorphous PVA/PVP/Cs polymer matrix. The estimated size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was measured to be around 18–22 nm. TGA thermograms revealed the nanoparticles catalyzed minor reductions in thermal stability while enhancing the residual char at elevated temperatures, a function of their increasing loading fractions. These compositionally tuned PVA/PVP/Cs-ZnO-curcumin nanocomposites exhibited potent antimicrobial efficacy against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The PVA/PVP/Cs-ZnO-curcumin nanocomposites demonstrated tunable antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains, which pave the foundation of eco-friendly, sustainable materials for addressing antimicrobial challenges in biomedical and environmental disinfection applications.

Biogenic Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Defatted Coconut Presscake for Wastewater Treatment

Defatted coconut meat presscake is a by-product of coconut milk production, often discarded or used as low-value products, but has the potential to treat wastewater. This study aimed to characterize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from defatted coconut meat presscake and determine their effect on the degradation of contaminants in wastewater and antibacterial properties. The nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate as a precursor and defatted coconut meat presscake extract as a reducing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FE-SEM (Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). The ZnO NPs exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average size of 54 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV light irradiation showed a degradation efficiency of 79.5% within 180 minutes. Treated wastewater with ZnO NPs at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/L showed a significantly reduced microbial load, with averages of 10.2×106, 8.3×106, and 3.8×106 CFU/mL, respectively, compared to untreated wastewater (16.5×106 CFU/mL), indicating the antimicrobial properties of ZnO NPs. Therefore, ZnO NPs synthesized from defatted coconut meat presscake extract offer an eco-friendly solution for efficiently treating wastewater from the food industry.