The synthesis and characterization of polyolefins continues to be one of the most important areas for academic and industrial research. One consequence of the development of new tailor-made polyolefins is the need for new and improved analytical techniques for the analysis of polyolefins with respect to molar mass and chemical composition distribution. The present article briefly reviews different new and relevant techniques for polyolefin analysis. The analysis of copolymers by combining high-temperature GPC and FTIR spectroscopy yields information on chemical composition as a function of molar mass. Crystallization analysis fractionation is a powerful new technique for the analysis of short-chain branching in LLDPE and the analysis of polyolefin blends. Additives in polyolefins can be determined efficiently by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.