Synthesis Of Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under solar light irradiation by zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Cleome gynandra

A simple green synthetic technique is proposed for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the plant extract Cleome gynandra as a bio-template. The morphological, functional and structural characterization of synthesized ZnONPs was investigated using several techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnONPs have a wurtzite hexagonal nanostructure with an average size of 15.20 nm. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution was carried out using the synthesized ZnONPs. The photocatalytic activity of ZnONPs was investigated by adjusting physicochemical variables as reaction time, medium pH, precursor concentration, and photocatalyst dosage. All results indicate that ZnONPs produced by the green approach exhibits significant photocatalytic activity against dye molecules.

Recent advances and challenges of the green ZnO-based composites biosynthesized using plant extracts for water treatment.

Recently, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of persistent pollutants in the environment, posing a significant hazard due to their toxicity and enduring nature. Conventional wastewater treatment methods employed in treatment plants rarely address these persistent pollutants adequately. Meanwhile, the concept of green synthesis has garnered considerable attention, owing to its environmentally friendly approach that utilizes fewer toxic chemicals and solvents. The utilization of materials derived from sustainable sources presents a promising avenue for solving pressing environmental concerns. Among the various sources of biological agents, plants stand out for their accessibility, eco-friendliness, and rich reserves of phytochemicals suitable for material synthesis. The plant extract-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has emerged as a promising solution for applications in wastewater treatment. Thorough investigations into the factors influencing the properties of these green ZnONPs are essential to establish a detailed and reliable synthesis process. Major weaknesses inherent in ZnONPs can be addressed by changing the optical, magnetic, and interface properties through doping with various semiconductor materials. Consequently, research efforts to mitigate water pollution are being driven by both the future prospects and limitations of ZnO-based composites. This review underscores the recent advancements of plant extract-mediated ZnONP composites for water treatment.

Novel in situ synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles in epoxy network: kinetics, composite mechanical and dielectric properties

Novel in situ synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles in epoxy network: kinetics, composite mechanical and dielectric properties

Green Synthesis of Novel Rhododendron arboreum-Based Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Degradation Activities

Green Synthesis of Novel Rhododendron arboreum-Based Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Degradation Activities

Aspergillus Oryzae Mediated α‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Remediation of Basic Fuschin Dye and Antimicrobial Activities

AbstractGreen synthetic approach for the synthesis of Iron oxide (α‐Fe2O3) nanoparticles were successfully carried out using Aspergillus oryzae culture mediated biogenic route. The synthesized nanoparticle was confirmed by structural and optical characterization with the help of hematite phase. The α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles show antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal strain Candida albicans. Under visible light, the α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles demonstrate remarkable antibacterial action, confirming their superior efficacy for photocatalytic remediation. The present study discloses that the α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles are efficient photocatalysts for 96 % degradation of basic fuchsin dye and highly active antimicrobial agent.

Extraction and Identification of the Essential Oil of Russian knapweed Compounds and their Valorization in Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles During a Surfactant-free Nano-emulsions System

Extraction and Identification of the Essential Oil of Russian knapweed Compounds and their Valorization in Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles During a Surfactant-free Nano-emulsions System

Green biosynthesis of Ag2O nanoparticles by aqueous leaves extract of Thymus capitatus (Lamiaceae): effect of silver nitrate weight in optical and their biological activity

In this study, green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) was achieved by bio-reduction of AgNO3 using Thymus Capitatus leaves extract. The effect of silver precursor contraction (0.1–1 g, AgNO3) was studied. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of Ag/Ag2O NPs with a crystallite size range from 18 to 24 nm. SEM showed that the green synthesizing silver oxide nanoparticles having in general as cubical shape. The obtained Ag2O NPs exhibit absorption at 273 nm with a direct bandgap ranging from 3.87 to 4.02 eV and an indirect bandgap of 2.99–3.44 eV, according to Uv-visible spectra. FTIR analysis exhibit a two weak peak at 517 and 458 cm−1 attributed to silver oxide-NPs vibration, confirming the nanoparticles formation. Among the examined extracts, Ag2O NPs with 1 g weight of AgNO3 showed the highest antioxidant activity with value of 3.42, 18.98 and 18.97 mg/mL for DPPH, FRAP and TAC tests respectively.

Innovative Agrowaste Banana Peel Extract-Based Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Oxidative Shield and Freshness Fortification

AbstractThis study presents the synthesis of agro-waste banana peel extract-based magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (BPEx-MIONPs), emphasizing antioxidant capacity and food preservation. Using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 · 6 H2O) as a precursor and a reducing agent from agro-waste peel extract, a precisely controlled process yielded BPEx-MIONPs. Characterization involved X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD revealed tetragonal Fe2O3, cubic magnetite structure, and monoclinic FexOy-NPs with an average size of 14.8 nm. TEM and SEM revealed diverse morphologies. TEM displayed both spherical and elongated nanoparticles, with some appearing as thin fibrils. In contrast, SEM images depicted an array primarily consisting of spherical nanoparticles, resembling coral reef formations. FTIR confirmed Fe–O bonds (1000 –400 cm-1). The antioxidant assessment showed robust DPPH free radical scavenging; BPEx achieved 100% inhibition at 18 min, and BPEx-MIONPs had an IC50 of ~ 136 µg/mL. BPEx-MIONPs, stabilized with banana-based bioplastic, effectively preserved grapes, reducing weight loss to 6.2% on day 3, compared to the control (19.0%). This pioneering study combines banana peel antioxidants with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, providing sustainable solutions for food preservation and nano-packaging. Ongoing research aims to refine conditions and explore broader applications of BPEx-MIONPs. Graphical Abstract

Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and its effect on the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbon.

Crude oil hydrocarbons are considered major environmental pollutants and pose a significant threat to the environment and humans due to having severe carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Bioremediation is one of the practical and promising technology that can be applied to treat the hydrocarbon-polluted environment. In this present study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PP4 and green synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) from Lawsonia inermis was used to evaluate the biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil. The surface analysis of G-FeNPs was carried out by using FESEM and HRTEM to confirm the size and shape. Further, the average size of the G-FeNPs was observed around 10nm by HRTEM analysis. The XRD and Raman spectra strongly confirm the presence of iron nanoparticles with their respective peaks. The BE (%) of mixed degradation system-V (PP4+BS+G-FeNPs) was obtained about 82%. FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of major functional constituents (C=O, -CH3, C-O, and OH) in the residual oil content. Overall, this study illustrates that integrated nano-based bioremediation could be an efficient approach for hydrocarbon-polluted environments. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the G-FeNPs with rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the biodegradation of crude oil.

Bio Inspired CdO Nanoparticles: A Robust and Recyclable Catalyst Towards the Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidone Derivatives via One Pot Three‐Component Coupling Reaction

AbstractAn innovative and environmentally sustainable approach is presented for the synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdONPs), leveraging the leaf extract of the pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan) as both reductive and capping agents. This environmentally friendly heterogeneous CdONPs was meticulously characterized through FT‐IR, PXRD, HR‐TEM, SEM‐EDAX, XPS and UV‐Vis spectroscopic analyses. These NPs were subsequently applied to facilitate the three‐component Biginelli reaction using ethyl acetoacetate, urea, and substituted benzaldehydes for producing dihydropyrimidone derivatives in good to excellent yield. The methodology was tested for different aldehydes containing electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups. The catalyst demonstrated consistent performance over approximately five cycles, exhibiting negligible loss in yield and catalytic potential. The proposed mechanistic pathway of the reaction was elucidated through intermediate mass analysis and further validated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and catalytic surface adsorption studies.

Photocatalytic degradation of acid violet dye by sunlight exposure using green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles

An aqueous extract of Phyllanthus Emblica fruit extract was used as a precursor in the effective synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgONP) and the same was calcined at different temperatures. The thermal study demonstrated that MgO nanoparticles evolved from Mg(OH)2 by the identification of characteristic weight loss curves and endothermic peaks in TGA and DTA, respectively. UV-visible analysis showed that the peak shifts to a longer wavelength at 350 nm when the calcination temperature rises from 200 to 600 °C, indicating a decrease in the size of MgONP particles. On the other hand, Tauc plot analysis showed that the band gaps between the precursor and calcined MgO samples varied from 5.84 to 3.70 eV. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis of MgONPs from Mg(OH)2 exhibiting spherical shapes of around 20 nm in size.Twenty minutes of exposure to sunshine caused the dye's colour to entirely vanish, demonstrating the remarkable photocatalytic effectiveness of MgONP calcined at 600 °C. The effective breakdown of Acid Violet was confirmed by the rate constant of the photocatalytic behaviour increasing proportionately with the catalyst dose. Furthermore, it was suggested by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models that Acid Violet efficiently adheres to the photocatalyst surface when R2 values are nearer to 1. There are several potential applications for MgO nano adsorbents in dye removal processes, as evidenced by desorption studies that showed their reusability.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus roseus Extract: A Novel Approach

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus roseus Extract: A Novel Approach

Green and sustainable synthesis of the ZnONPs using leaf extract of Guazuma ulmifolia for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

AbstractThe main objectives of the current study were synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Guazuma ulmifolia (G. ulmifolia) plant and assessing its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZnONPs exhibited a maximum peak at 342 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum, indicating their absorption properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups, such as OH and COOH which likely contributed to the stability of the nanoparticles. The XRD analysis confirmed the spherical structure of the nanoparticles as indicated by distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the lattice planes of the ZnO standard. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Zn, C and O in the ZnONPs. SEM analysis provided insights into the nanoparticles size, shape and surface morphology, showing an average size between 19 and 41 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnONPs demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against various bacteria and Candida species. This study highlights the promising potential of ZnONPs in diverse fields, including biomedicine, due to their low toxicity, economic viability and beneficial properties. It is crucial to conduct further in vivo investigations in order to determine the safety, effectiveness and compatibility of G. ulmifolia ZnONPs.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Method, Study of Structure, Properties and Applications

Zinc and silver oxide nanoparticles are widely used in technology, science, cosmetology and medicine. Research objectives: to study the synthesis of zinc and silver oxide nanoparticles by a chemical method, to study the structure, properties and medical applications of synthesized nanoparticles. Synthesis of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles performed using chemical method, which saves energy, temperature and the cost of expensive equipment. The synthesized zinc and silver oxide nanoparticles range in size from 17 to 26 nanometers. The skin-irritating effect of the medicinal cosmetic gel based on nanoparticles of zinc oxide and silver obtained by our method was not revealed.

Biogenic synthesis of Azadirachta indica-mediated zirconium oxide nanoparticles: photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antimicrobial activity

Biogenic synthesis of Azadirachta indica-mediated zirconium oxide nanoparticles: photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antimicrobial activity

Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Synthesized Palladium (II) Complex-Encapsulated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment.

The treatment of cancer often leads to a range of adverse effects. Encapsulating drugs can mitigate these effects and enhance drug efficacy by enabling a controlled release at the site of interest. This study details the successful synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) through the precipitation of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with KOH. A Pd(II) complex drug was synthesized from a Schiff base ligand derived from 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and (E)-1-(2-(p-tolyl)hydrazono)propan-2-one using potassium tetrachloropalladate(II). This complex was subsequently incorporated into ZnONPs. Characterization of the resulting compounds was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. TEM imaging revealed particle sizes of 160.69 ± 4.74 nm for ZnONPs and 185.28 ± 2.3 nm for the Pd(II) complex-encapsulated ZnONPs. The Zeta potential values were 6.53 mV for ZnONPs and 7.36 mV for Pd(II) complex-encapsulated ZnONPs. UV-visible spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 360 nm for ZnONPs, while the Pd(II) complex-encapsulated ZnONPs exhibited a peak at 410 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of the Pd(II) complex within the ZnONPs, as evidenced by a consistent Zn-O vibrational band at 832 cm-1 and a shift in another peak from 460 to 413 cm-1. Additionally, the detection of a C = N stretching vibration at 1548 cm-1 and a carbonyl stretch at 1626 cm-1 was observed. The Encapsulation Efficiency (E.E.) of the Pd(II) complex was 97.2%. A drug release experiment conducted at pH 7 showed a steady-state release pattern after 16 h, with a cumulative release of 44.3%. The cytotoxic effects of the Pd(II) complex and its encapsulated form in ZnONPs on the MCF-7 cell line were assessed via MTT test. The Pd(II) complex encapsulated within ZnONPs exhibited decreased toxicity relative to the unencapsulated drug, as evidenced by a higher IC50 value of 418.5 μg/ml. This suggests that the encapsulation facilitates a sustained release, which allows for targeted accumulation within cells. The elevated IC50 value indicates that the drug delivery system may be engineered to modulate the release of the drug in a more controlled manner, potentially resulting in a prolonged release profile rather than an immediate therapeutic impact.

Flame Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Ultra-Small High-Entropy Alloy-Supported Oxide Nanoparticles for CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts.

The synthesis of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with ultra-small particle sizes has long been a challenging task. The complex and time-consuming synthesis process hinders their practical application and widespread adoption. This study presents the novel synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles loaded with a quinary high-entropy alloy through flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) for the first time. The extremely fast heating rate of flame combustion makes the precursor fast pyrolysis gasification, high temperature in the flame field promotes the metal vapor mixing uniformly, and the fast quenching process can reduce the particle aggregation sintering, the ultra-small particle size of HEA firmly attached to the TiO2 surface. The catalysts prepared via this gas-to-particle pathway exhibit excellent performance in CO2 hydrogenation, achieving a conversion rate of 62% at 450°C, and maintaining their activity for over 220h without significant particle agglomeration. This finding provides valuable insights for the future design of catalytically active materials with enhanced activity and long-term stability.

Green synthesis and optimization of iron oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) derived from herbal plants are being explored as potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their biocompatibility and ability to perform targeted drug delivery. For the first time, the usage of various novel combinations of leaf extracts such as those of Azadirachta indica and Piper betle and extracts of two other Ayurvedic herbs – namely, Asparagus racemosus and Symplocos – was attempted for eco-friendly green synthesis of FeNPs. The nanoparticles were coated onto nanofibers made from a banana pseudo-stem (FENPs-NF) to enhance their biocompatibility. The synthesis process was optimized using response surface methodology, and techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used for characterization. Hemolytic and immune cell assays, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and MRI analysis were carried out. A peak at 325 nm observed in UV–Vis spectroscopy, AAS, FE-SEM, EDX and FT-IR proved the presence of FeNPs. Hemolytic and immune cell assays indicated biocompatibility, and the MTT assay (MCF-7) showed inhibition at 250 μg/ml. FeNPs and FeNPs-NF showed a good signal loss in MRI analysis at 1.5 T, proving their contrast agent nature. Thus, FeNPs synthesized from herbal plant sources may open a new door for potential application in the biomedical field as a chemical-free and biocompatible MRI contrast agent.

A multiparametric study for size and stability of hybrid Fe 2 O 3 -NiO nanoparticles and their statistical transformation

A multiparametric study for size and stability of hybrid Fe ₂ O ₃ -NiO nanoparticles and their statistical transformation

A novel green reducing agent for the synthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3 NPs) based on saffron by-products: Characterization and antioxidant activity

The production of nanomaterials using safe, biological and environmentally friendly methods is attracting increasing attention. In the present study, aqueous extracts of Moroccan saffron (Crocus sativus L) by-products were used for the first time as a green stabilizer and reductant agent to synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3NPs). The aqueous extract of saffron by-products was analyzed for phytochemical screening, while the green synthesized Cr2O3NPs were analyzed using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activity of Cr2O3NPs, aqueous chromium nitrate solution (Cr (NO3)), and aqueous extract of saffron by-products have been also investigated using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that the aqueous extract of saffron by-products used for the synthesis of Cr2O3NPs appeared to be rich in phenolic (2.32 mg GA / g dry weight), flavonoid (2.28 mg RE / g dry weight), and anthocyanin compounds (33.67 mg Delphinidin / L extract). The XRD analysis confirmed that the Cr2O3NPs have a particle size of 31 nm with a hexagonal crystal structure. SEM micrographs of Cr2O3NPs showed a homogenous distribution and spherical shape, while the EDX spectrum confirmed that Cr2O3NPs contain significant amount of Chromium (61,90 %), and oxygen atoms (36,55 %). Moreover, the presence of absorption bands characteristic of the alcohol group (3451 cm−1) and the aromatic rings (1639 cm−1) in the infrared spectrum of Cr2O3NPs, indicates that the secondary metabolites of the saffron plant were successfully active in reducing chromium ions to Cr2O3NPs. Besides, the antioxidant activity results showed that the biosynthesized Cr2O3NPs exhibited strong inhibition percentages (63 %) compared to the aqueous extract of saffron by-products (74 %), and the aqueous solution of chromium nitrate (30 %) at 1,30 mg/mL. The study suggests that saffron by-products extract can be used as a natural reducing agent in the synthesis of Cr2O3NPs. Furthermore, the environmentally friendly synthesis process for Cr2O3NPs and their antioxidant effect make them suitable for use in various fields.