Synthesis Of NP Research Articles

Biogenic Fabrication of CuO Nanoparticles by <i>Oxalis corniculata</i> L. to Evaluate Antibacterial and Hypoglycemic Activity on Diabetic Mice

Plant-based synthesis techniques of nanoparticles are interested because of their cheap production cost, non-toxic nature and eco-friendliness. Metal oxide nanomaterials combined with plant metabolites have synergistic effects on antibacterial and antidiabetic potential. Biogenic fabricated nanoparticles of copper oxide has been accomplished with Oxalis corniculata L. leaf extract. For the characterization of nanomaterial XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy were used. The size and morphology of the NPs were measured using FESEM and HRTEM. The antibacterial potential of synthesized CuO NP has been studied upon Gram (+ve) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram (-ve) Escherichia coli bacteria. Ameliorative action of CuO NPs was tested against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Swiss albino mice. Synthesized CuO NPs were well crystalline and 20-36 nm sized spherical particles. A strong peak at A298 using UV-Vis was verified the synthesis of CuO NP. Synthesized nanomaterial exhibits satisfactory antibacterial efficacy on both bacterial strains. Data from biochemical, inflammatory and non-inflammatory cytokine profiles of the mice justify its ameliorative action and mode of anti-diabetic activity on Swiss albino mice.

Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

In the last two decades, metal nanoparticles have been created much interest among the scientists due to its application in different field such as sustainable energy, food safety, environmental science, catalysis, medicine etc. The synthesis of the metal nanoparticles in the chemical method involves large energy consumption, environmental pollution which leads to health problems. The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extract as the reducing agent are more beneficial than the chemical methods due to low cost, environment friendly, health safety. In this review, green synthesis of Ag NP, Au NP, Pd, Pt NP and their applications are discussed.

Structural and photoluminescence properties of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Calotropis gigantea leaves

This study explores the properties of ZnO nanoparticles produced using a green method involving Calotropis gigantea leaves. The nanoparticles were created by extracting materials from the plant leaves and then subjected to annealing at 350 °C in an air environment for crystallization. X-ray diffraction results represent the formation of pure hexagonal ZnO with an average crystallite size of 48–51 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy also confirms the synthesis of hexagonal ZnO NP as evident from a sharp band observed at 524.55 cm−1 in IR spectra. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results reveal nucleation of pure ZnO. Photoluminescence emission results revealed that PL bands observed at wavelengths of 399.93 nm and 469 nm in the near UV to violet and blue regions, respectively, demonstrating their potential applications in optoelectronics. Color chromaticity coordinates diagram reveal that color coordinates presence in the blue region. This demonstrate that synthesized ZnO has high purity and hold promise materials using for blue LED and also use as biomaterials with antibacterial properties. Additionally, a detailed exploration of mechanisms is discussed.

Polydopamine-modified Zn–Al-layered double hydroxide supported silver nanoparticles as recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for reduction of 4-nitrophenol

This article introduces the design and synthesis of Ag NP garlanded polydopamine (PDA)-functionalized Zn–Al-layered double hydroxide (Zn-Al LDH@PDA) as a hybrid green nanocomposite material, hitherto unreported. The precursor Zn-Al LDH@PDA acted as a suitable shelter and stabilizing support for the in situ generated Ag NPs. The electron rich amino functions over the PDA facilitated the toxic reagent free green reduction of Ag ions in situ. A diverse range of advanced methods, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), N2 adsorption–desorption, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to analyze the physicochemical features of the Zn-Al LDH@PDA/Ag nanomaterial. Catalytic performance of the Zn-Al LDH@PDA/Ag nanocomposite was subsequently appraised in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The reactions were evaluated through time dependent UV–Vis spectroscopic study which proved the excellent potential of the catalyst. The Zn-Al LDH@PDA/Ag NPs nanocatalyst was isolated by centrifuge and stable enough to be reused for 8 consecutive times without considerable loss in activity.

Stable "snow lantern-like" aggregates of silicon nanoparticles suitable as a drug delivery platform.

Nanomedicine is a growing field where development of novel organic and inorganic materials is essential to meet the complex requirements for drug delivery. This includes biocompatibility, suitability for surface modifications, biodegradability, and stability sufficient to carry a drug payload through various tissues for the desired timespan. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSi NP) are shown to have several beneficial traits in drug delivery in addition to a porous structure to maximize drug loading. The conventional synthesis of pSi NP using electrochemical etching is costly, time-consuming and requires large quantities of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF). As such this research attempted a novel method to address these limitations. Mesoporous silicon nanoparticles were prepared by centrifugal Chemical Vapor Deposition (cCVD) without the use of HF. This process generated aggregates consisting of multiple primary particles fused into each other, similar to snowballs fused together in a snow-lantern (snowball pyramid). Our results demonstrated that the cCVD Si particles were versatile in terms of surface chemistry, colloidal stability, degradability, minimization of acute in vitro toxicity, and modulation of drug release. Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and cryogenic nitrogen adsorption isotherm measurements confirmed the overall size (210 nm), morphology, and pore size (14-16 nm) of the prepared materials. Agglomeration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was minimized by PEGylation by a two-step grafting procedure that employed a primary amine linker. Finally, the release rate of a model drug, hydrocortisone, was evaluated with both PEGylated and pristine particles. Conclusively, these snow-lantern cCVD Si particles do indeed appear suitable for drug delivery.

Laser Ablation for Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite and Au NP Conjugated Cefuroxime: Evaluation of Their Effects on the Biofilm Formation of Multidrug Resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae

Laser Ablation for Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite and Au NP Conjugated Cefuroxime: Evaluation of Their Effects on the Biofilm Formation of Multidrug Resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae

Surface Modification of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles with Biotinylated β-Cyclodextrin as a Biocompatible Therapeutic Agent for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Applications.

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be utilized in a variety of applications. This paper describes a new route to the surface modification of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) using functionalized beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a biocompatible system. The synthesis of Bi2O3 NP was done using PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) as the reductant and the Steglich esterification procedure for the functionalization of β-CD with biotin. Ultimately, the Bi2O3 NPs are modified using this functionalized β-CD system. The particle size of the synthesized Bi2O3 NPs is found to be in the range of 12-16 nm. The modified biocompatible systems were characterized using different characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric analysis (DSC). Additionally, the antibacterial and anticancerous effects of the surface-modified Bi2O3 NP system were also investigated.

Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Silver Nano Particles Conjugated to Chitosan Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria.

Nowadays, most of the traditional and conventional antibiotics are not effective against drug resistant bacterial strains. The emergence and spread of drug resistant bacterial cells calls for new therapeutic agents and strategies to control and treat the infections caused by these bacteria. In this regard, the application of nano-technology in medicine is an interesting approach. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of Ag Np conjugated to chitosan against multidrug resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Synthesis of the Ag Np and chitosan Np were performed according to the Turkevich and Ionic gelation methods, respectively. Then conjugation of nanoparticles was carried out by standard method. FTR analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used for validation of nanoparticle conjugation. Twenty clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 20 clinical isolates of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) were obtained from the microbial bank of Imam Khomeini hospital of Tehran, Iran. MIC values of the nanoparticles alone and in conjugation were determined using the microbroth dilution method. Then, fractional inhibitory concentration of agents was concluded by standard method. Finally, anti-biofilm activities of the conjugated Ag Np-chitosan at sub-MIC concentrations was tested against bacterial isolates. Synthesis of Ag Np resulted in the formation of nanoparticles with 10 nm dimensions. MIC90 of the chitosan, Ag Np and their conjugated form were respectively 64, 16, and 8 μg/mL against CRAB isolates. Also, MIC90 of the tested agents, in the same order as mentioned above, were 32, 16, and 4 μg/mL against MRSA. Combination of the agents had additive (0.625) and synergistic (0.375) effects against CRAB and MRSA. Ability of biofilm formation was dramatically reduced by ¼ MIC concentration (2 μg/mL) against the CRAB and ½ MIC concentration (2 μg/mL) in the case of the MRSA isolates. Ag Np-chitosan conjugation, an ideal alternative for ineffective antibiotics, exhibits great antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against CRAB and MRSA isolates.

Characterization and cytotoxicity and antihuman renal cell carcinoma potentials of starch capped-copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation: Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug

In this research article we have demonstrated the sustainable green synthesis of a novel starch templated CuO NP following a clean and non-hazardous pathway. Ultrasonic irradiation was used to promote the reaction in alkaline medium. The numerous hydroxyl groups present in starch was exploited in the green reduction of immobilized copper ions in situ. They also helped to stabilize the as synthesized Cu NPs by encapsulation or capping. The morphology and physicochemical characteristics were ascertained over an array of analytical techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Elemental Mapping, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Biologically, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against human renal cell carcinoma (RCC-GH, CaKi-2 and HEK293) cell lines without affecting the normal (HUVEC) cell line. IC50 values of the nanocomposite were found at 139, 208and 125 against RCC-GH, CaKi-2 and HEK293 cell lines respectively and accordingly, HEK293 afforded the best adenocarcinoma activity.

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of AM-ZnO NP from Atalantia monophylla leaf extract, opto-structural property characterization and biomedical applications

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of AM-ZnO NP from Atalantia monophylla leaf extract, opto-structural property characterization and biomedical applications

MgONP/Chitin nanowhisker‐based hybrid filler bound soy protein thin films for bioactive packaging applications

SummaryBiogenic active packaging materials are on amplified demand owing to environmental concerns. Materials with enhanced properties and stability are still challenging. Bearing in mind these facts, here we are proposing an active soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based packaging film comprising magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NP) and chitin nanowhisker (CNW), to address this demand. The sol‐gel method was employed in the synthesis of MgO NP and an average particle size of 26.57 nm was obtained. Highly crystalline CNW having dimensions between 5 and 9 nm was synthesised using the steam explosion technique. SPI bio‐nanocomposite film reinforced with the as‐synthesised MgO NP and CNW exhibited high thermal stability, water barrier property and antibacterial activity. The enhancement in the properties is due to the interaction between polar groups of SPI with the hybrid as confirmed by FTIR studies. The prepared nanocomposite film has the potential to be used as bioactive packaging material.

Describing a modern therapeutic drug prepared by in situ decorated gold nanoparticles on starch-modified magnetic nanoparticles to treat the cutaneous wound: a preclinical trial study

In recent days, the green synthesized nanomagnetic biocomposites have been evolved with tremendous potential as the future catalysts. This has encouraged us to design and synthesis of a novel Au NP fabricated starch functionalized core-shell type nanomaterial (Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite). It was meticulously characterized using advanced analytical techniques like FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, XRD and ICP-OES. MTT assay was used on common normal cell line i.e. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to survey the cytotoxicity effects of Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite. In the part of cutaneous wound healing, use of Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite ointment, significantly (p ≤ 0.01) raised the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, fibroblast, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. Finally, the results showed the useful cutaneous wound healing properties of Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite. Maybe significant cutaneous wound healing potentials of Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite are related to their antioxidant activities. For investigating the antioxidant activities of Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive control. The Fe3O4/Starch-Au nanocomposite inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in the concentration of 156 µg/mL.

Screening, characterisation and bioactivities of green fabricated TiO2 NP via cyanobacterial extract.

The present study was aimed at exploring 37 strains of cyanobacteria for the biofabrication of TiO2 NP and evaluation of their antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and hemolytic activity. Screening of cyanobacterial strains was done via SEM, followed by optimisation and characterisation of the best strain. Synechocystis NCCU-370 appeared as the best strain for the synthesis of TiO2 NP in terms of size (73.39nm) and time (24h) after screening. Following optimisation, nanoparticles were synthesised in 12h having an average grain size of 16nm. The aqueous extract preparation required heating of 5mg/ml of powdered biomass to 60°C for 10min. Optimum conditions for the synthesis of TiO2 NP were found to be pH 7, 30°C and 12-h cell extract exposure to 0.1mM of salt. Antioxidant activity was evaluated via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. Antifungal potential was explored against Candida albicans (MIC = 125µg/ml), Candida glabrata (MIC = 500µg/ml) and Candida tropicalis (MIC = 250µg/ml), whereas antibacterial potential was gauged for Bacillus cereus (MIC = 31.25µg/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC = 31.25µg/ml) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 500µg/ml) strains. Biogenic TiO2 NP demonstrated partial synergistic effect and excellent biocompatibility.

Biogenic synthesized nanoparticles a boon to human health

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP’s) have found their way in multiple industries owing to its vast applicability. Its synthesis process generally leaves toxic by-products which are harmful to the ecosystem. This study highlights a simple eco-friendly mode for the synthesis of ZnO NP’s using the leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Mainly found in Asia, the plant is known to have many ethnobotanicals uses with strong antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as UV–Vis spectroscopy which showed absorption peak at 360 nm and TEM analysis which showed the size of the synthesized nanoparticles to be 30–40 nm in diameter. Additionally, the nanoparticles synthesized were found to exhibit antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The synthesized ZnO NP’s also showed strong antioxidant potential as exhibited through DPPH assay in a dose dependent manner.

Synthesis and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol/corn starch/linseed polyol-based hydrogel loaded with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles

Nanocomposite hydrogel film was prepared from Polyvinyl alcohol [PVA], Corn Starch [CS], Linseed oil polyol [LP], and silver nanoparticles [NP]. LP was prepared by epoxidation and hydration of Linseed oil [LO]. IR and NMR supported the insertion of hydroxyl groups in LP by epoxide ring opening reaction at epoxidized LO. Silver NP were biosynthesized using aqueous leaves' extract from locally grown Ocimum forsskaolii Benth [LEO] plant. FTIR, XRD, UV and TEM confirmed the synthesis of NP (size 30 to 39 nm). Transparent and foldable hydrogel film resulted by blending the constituents (PVA, CS, LP and NP), crosslinking by glutaraldehyde, at room temperature, and showed expansion in water, different pH solutions, biodegradation and good antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested microbes. Linseed polyol influenced the structure, morphology, hydrophilicity, improved swelling ability and thermal stability and accelerated biodegradation of hydrogel films. NP were well adhered to LP globules that were embedded in PVA/CS matrix as strung set of beads (LP globules) decorated with black pearls (spherical NP). Silver NP conferred antimicrobial behavior to hydrogel film as observed by antimicrobial screening on different microbes. The results were encouraging and showed that such hydrogel films may find prospective applications in antimicrobial packaging.

Improved photocatalytic efficiency of SnO2 nanoparticles through green synthesis

In this work, tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NP's) were synthesized by means of green synthesis, using different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 %) of orange peel of extract (Citrus sinensis) as a reducing agent. The NP's obtained were used for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was possible to observe the characteristic molecular vibrations Sn-O at 1632 cm−1 and Sn-O-Sn at 642 cm−1. With the X-ray diffraction technique (DRX), the NP's were observed to have a tetragonal crystalline structure in the rutile phase. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the positions of the specific energies of 486.8 eV of Sn3d3/2 and 495.4 eV of Sn3d5/2 were found, showing the chemical state of Sn4+. Sample M3 NP's presented: via means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), an average diameter of was of 4.5 nm; modified band gap values of 3.49 eV; a photocatalytic MB degradation of 94.4 % at 120 min. Therefore, the synthesis of SnO2 NP's using Citrus sinensis is a great option for its application both in photocatalytic activities and to eliminate dyes in a small amount of time.

Роль полимеров и зеленных систем при синтезе наночастиц металлов и их применение в текстильной отрасли

An overview of the methods for the synthesis of NP- Ag by chemical and green methods using polymers and plants as reducing agents and stabilizers is presented. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used for the synthesis of NP-Ag is carried out. The latest research on the use of NP - Ag in the textile industry is also presented, with a focus on imparting antibacterial and fungicidal properties to textile materials.

In situ synthesis and preconcentration of cetylpyridinium complexed hexaiodo platinum nanoparticles from spent automobile catalytic converter leachate using cloud point extraction

In the present study, a green chemistry based cloud point extraction (CPE) method has been developed for the in situ synthesis and preconcentration of cetylpyridinium complexed hexaiodo platinum nanoparticles (Pt-I NP) from the leachate of spent automobile catalytic converter using potassium iodide (KI) and assisted by a combination of cationic and non-ionic surfactants; cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) and Triton X-114, respectively. The process parameters such as concentrations of hydrochloric acid, platinum, KI, sodium chloride, CPB, Triton X-114; incubation temperature and complexation time on CPE were optimized. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential techniques. The formation of Pt-I NP was followed with UV–vis. The XRD pattern established the tetragonal crystal structure of the produced nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the particle size obtained with TEM was about 5.6 nm. Further, the preconcentrated nanoparticles were quantified by continuum source electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) and a preconcentration factor of 25 was obtained for a reaction volume of 25 mL. The accuracy of the developed method was confirmed by analyzing the certified reference materials such as CCRMP PTM-1a (copper-nickel sulphide matte) and CCRMP PTC-1a (copper-nickel sulphide concentrate). The current CPE protocol demonstrates advantages such as simultaneous synthesis and preconcentration; synthesis at micromolar concentration from metal scrap, higher nanoparticle recovery; biodegradability and biocompatibility of the employed surfactants and dual solubility of the synthesized Pt-I NP. Thus, the developed method can be applied for the separation, large scale synthesis and preconcentration of Pt-I NP from various environmental and industrial wastes, in a single pot.

Fabrication and surface characterisation of c-ZnO loaded TTDMM dendrimer nanocomposites for biological applications

The paper reports synthesis, characterisation and biological assessment of c-ZnO NP loaded TTDMM nanocomposites (cZTNCs) using c-ZnO NP and trimesoyl 1,3,5-trimethyl malonate ester (TTDMM) in 3:1 ratio in ethanol at 35 °C for 24 h. UV absorption and FTIR stretching frequency (SF) both infer a development of cZTNCs. TTDMM hydrophobicity facilitated the c-ZnO NP 1:1 dispersion and its size reduction, well supported by DLS and TEM studies having ζ-potential (27.04 mV) and size (17.76 nm) respectively. The NCs size was slightly lower than c-ZnO NP (20 nm) without structural conformation depicted via bond length (0.19660 nm) retrieved from XRD. The structural and morphology behaviour of c-ZnO NP accumulated inside the void spaces of TTDMM depends on their lone pair electron (LPE), pi-electron (PE), delocalisation energy (DLE) and hydrophobicity were investigated using SEM, AFM and TGA. The NCs have revealed highest DPPH· scavenging (84.74%) at 160 μg/mL than c-ZnO NPs. Antimicrobial activity was assessed that displays both cZTNCs and c-ZnO NPs have significant bactericidal efficacy against gram positive (Bacillus subtilis; Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus vulgaris) but no effect against fungus (Candida albicans). Although, anticancer potency against HeLa cells line was performed where cZTNCs proved to be more active than c-ZnO NPs. Moreover, anticancer activity depicted a direct dose dependent correlation with antioxidant assessment.

Synthesis of in situ purified iron nanoparticles in an electrochemical and vibrating microreactor: study of ramified branch fragmentation by oscillating bubbles

We report on a novel concept of microreactor for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (nP). The principle is to make grow by electrocrystallization long metallic ramified branches, made of metal nanocrystals, in a Hele-Shaw cell. The activation of an integrated vibrating element (PZT disk) induces the fragmentation of these fragile branches and so the nanocrystal release. One advantage is the possibility to flush the branches (and so the nP), prior to fragmentation, to avoid purification step. This principle is applied here to the synthesis of iron nP and focus is put on the branch fragmentation. High speed visualisations highlight the key role of H2 bubbles (co-formed during the branch growth). An effective fragmentation is obtained only using a square signal with which the initial bubbles coalesce. The resulting large bubbles exhibit shape oscillations and they induce microstreaming. This latter brings the branches close to bubble surface, where they are fragmented into fine particles. The required initial coalescence events are explained by a “dancing bubbles” effect made easier to achieve because initial small bubbles are excited at their resonance frequency by the sufficiently stiff signal steps. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that dendritic particles, ∼ 2 μm long and ∼ 1 μm wide (broken secondary dendrites) with very high specific surface, and needle-like particles, ∼ 200 nm long and ∼ 20 nm in diameter (broken tertiary dendrites), are produced. A force balance, between the mechanical constraint applied by the fast flow near bubble surface and the material resistance, allows highlighting the key role of shape oscillations in the breakage of the dendrites.