Synthesis Of Nickel Oxide Research Articles

Effect of precursor concentration on structural and optical properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized by facile sol-gel method

We report a simple, fast and efficient sol-gel technique to synthesize nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles of variable sizes. For this, three different precursor concentrations, viz. 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M were used. All the samples were maintained at a pH of 8 and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h. Our study shows the formation of well-crystalline, spherical, single-phase, pure NiO nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles increases with the concentration of the precursor solution. All nanoparticles show absorption peaks at the wavelength of ∼358 nm, which lie in the UV region and a near band edge emission peak at ∼390 nm.

Synthesis and characterization of NiO nanoparticles using Sesbania grandiflora flower to evaluate cytotoxicity

Conventional nanoparticle (NP) synthesis based on physical and chemical processes are costly and are mostly associated with harmful effects on environment, whereas the use of plant extract is eco-friendly and cost effective which could act as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. Herein, the present study is aimed to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles from nickel nitrate precursor and Sesbania grandiflora flower extract. Synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible, FT-IR, SEM and XRD analyses. Ni-O stretching vibrations at 418 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of NiO NPs. The XRD pattern revealed the crystallite size of the NiO NPs to be in range of 19.9–60.4 nm. The morphology of the NiO NPs as revealed by the SEM images, which was rod like structure. The anticancer activity of the synthesized NiO NPs was evaluated with MM2 (human breast cancer cells) and HeLa (human cervical cancer cells) and compared with cisplatin. In MM2, the IC50 value of the NiO NPs is 33.57 ± 1.37 µg/mL whereas in HeLa, the IC50 value is 26.92 ± 1.67 µg/mL. The value is significant when compared with the conventional standard drug cisplatin (17.80 ± 0.30 µg/mL for MM2 and 15.06 ± 0.84 µg/mL for HeLa).

Biomedical Applications of Biosynthesized Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles.

Nickel oxide nanoparticles have gained tremendous attention recently in a variety of scientific domains thanks to their characteristic chemical, physical, optical, and biological properties. Due to the diversity of applications in various fields, different physicochemical methods have been used to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. However, most conventional methods use hazardous chemicals during synthesis and become liable for potential health risks, while others are expensive and require a lot of energy to synthesize nanoparticles. As a result, the nanoparticles become less biocompatible and biologically inefficient. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is currently proposed as a valuable alternative to the physical and chemical methods, as it is a simple, non-toxic, cheap, green and facile approach. This synthetic method uses biological substrates such as plant extracts, microorganisms, and other biological products to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. The various phytochemicals from plant extracts, enzymes or proteins from microorganisms, and other biological derivatives play as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents to provide bioactive and biocompatible nickel oxide nanoscale material. This review discusses current findings and trends in the biogenic synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, and anticancer, with an emphasis on antimicrobial and anticancer activity along with their mechanistic elucidation. Overall, this thorough study provides insight into the possibilities for the future development of green nickel oxide nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for a variety of ailments.

Photodegradation of orange II dye using p-n junction NiO/TiO2 composite, and assessment of its biological activities

The chemical reduction method was used to synthesize nickel oxide particles (NiO) and NiO supported on titanium dioxide (NiO/TiO2 nanocomposite). The composites were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The morphological investigation showed that pseudocubic NiO are present in dispersed as well as agglomerated forms. Whereas NiO particles (<200 nm) are evenly deposited over the surface of TiO2 in NiO/TiO2 composite. The formation of NiO and NiO/TiO2 was also verified by XRD analysis. The synthesized NiO and NiO/TiO2 were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Orange II (OII) dye. According to the degradation investigation, both NiO and NiO/TiO2 composite degraded OII dye more efficiently when exposed to UV light. The results indicated thatNiO degraded 93% and NiO/TiO2 composites degraded approximately 96% of OII dye within 30 min. Both photocatalysts are highly sustainable and have significant OII dye degradation recyclability. Moreover, NiO and NiO/TiO2 exhibited promising bioactivities (antioxidant activity of 80%) against the pathogenic bacteria Citrobacter and Providencia, which is comparable with the standard ascorbic acid (88%).

Isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, recyclability and mechanism of ultrasonic assisted adsorption of methylene blue and lead (II) ions using green synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles

One of the urgent global problems demanding effective mitigation strategies is the pollution caused by organic dyes and metal ions like methylene blue and lead (II) ions. In recent times, the increasing applications of nickel oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine, catalysis, sensors in optoelectronic materials, and the prevention of environmental pollution have attracted researchers' interest across the globe. Herein, Psidium guajava leaves extract was utilized to synthesize green nickel oxide nanoparticles (PG-NiONPs). Surface and analytical techniques were employed to characterize PG-NiONPs and were thereafter applied to remove methylene blue and lead (II) ions from wastewater. The results revealed the quantified presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins in the Psidium guajava leaves extract. The prepared PG-NiONPs revealed a crystalline phase, functional groups, mesoporous and microstructural arrangements typical of nickel oxide nanoparticles. The surface area of PG-NiONPs was obtained as 85.40 m2/g. The best ultrasonic-assisted adsorption of MB and Pb(II) ions was achieved at pH values of 6 and 5 for MB and Pb(II), a contact time of 60 min, an adsorbent mass of 40 mg/L, and a temperature of 50 °C, respectively. The maximum MB and Pb(II) adsorption capacities of 495.58 and 508.56 mg/g were evaluated. The experimental data corroborated with the pseudo-second-order and Toth isotherm models. The adsorption of MB and Pb(II) over green PG-NiONPs was a thermodynamically spontaneous process. The PG-NiONPs indicated good recyclability with high stability even after 8 adsorption cycles. Overall, the PG-NiONPs is a potential adsorbent for improved toxic dyes, metal ions and other scavengers removal from wastewater.

Nickel Oxide Thin Films for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Active and cheaper catalysts is the essential element in electrochemical water splitting. In this work, we have synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) thin films on the conductive stainless steel substrate by both chemical bath deposition and electrode position methods. Structural study of the prepared thin films of nickel oxide done by using XRD technique. Further, obtained (NiO) thin films prepared using both synthesis techniques are used for Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by LSV in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The chemically bath deposited and electro deposited (NiO) thin films exhibited over potential of 324.3 mV and 331.8 mV respectively at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and corresponding tafel slopes of 75.33 and 87.17 mV dec−1.Hence chemically bath deposited nickel oxide (NiO) thin film electro catalyst showed good catalytic behavior.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B using one-pot synthesized nickel oxide grafted glycine (NiO @GLY) nanostructured: Oxygen vacancies effect

A venerable challenge in environmental and materials science is the degradationof organic contaminants from wastewater using visible-light irradiation. The nickel oxide nanocomposite was synthesized using the facile one-pot combustion method at 550 °C. XRD, TEM, and N2 Sorption analysis confirmed the existence of mesoporous textured surfaces. Both spherical and hexagonal nanocrystals were produced with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 56 nm. The hexagonal nanocrystals appeared by increasing the glycine loading. The particle size of as-synthesized NiO @GLY was about 5–16 nm, with spherical morphology. The as-prepared hybrid composites were used to degrade harmful dyes. These produced systems seem to be governed by the interaction involving negatively charged nickel oxide nanoparticles and the amino group of glycine, as evidenced by zeta potential management. The degradation mechanism was found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetics. S4 shows a promising result with degradation efficiency of 99 % methylene blue, 96 % rhodamine B, and 93 % for the mixed dye. The enhancement is related to oxygen vacancies, which support the photocatalyst's activity and stability.

The biosynthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using watermelon rind extract and their biophysical effects on the germination of Vigna radiata seeds at various concentrations

Unique and bio-inspired synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles by using an innocuous and ecofriendly waste material that is watermelon rind. In the reaction, watermelon rind recycled and used its extract as a solvent which act as a reductant for a synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticle. The synthesized NiO NPs were analyzed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. FTIR peak at 745 cm-1 and 671 cm-1 indicated that the formation of Ni-O bond. A prominent peak of UV-Vis spectra at 283 nm and band gap, calculated with the help of UV data, was ~3.3 eV. The obtained PXRD pattern and JCPDS data suggested the formation of nickel oxide nanoparticle and the average crystallite size calculated by Scherrer’s equation in between 30 to 150 nm. The average grain size of NiO NPs perceived from TEM images was 46.55 nm and polygonal barrel shape particles. Since, a simple, straightforward, pollutant-free, and economical technique for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles. However, the above synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles have been explored for biophysical parameter vis. radicle length, plumule length and germination percentage on a Vigna radiata (moong) seed by the treatment of some concentration i.e. 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm in germination processes. At a low concentration of 25 ppm, a beneficial improvement in the germination process of Vigna radiata seed was observed.

Synthesis and characterisation of Nickel oxide nanoparticles using CTAB as capping agent

This report presents the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles by hydrothermal route in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) used as capping agent. Nickel oxide (NiO) being a p- type semiconductor,has wide bandgap and is eco-friendly, low cost and stable material that can serve as promising material for a counter electrode in the DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells). The use of capping agent is to control the size of nanoparticles and also prohibit the agglomeration of the synthesized material. The as synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Field Emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and UV visible spectroscopy. The face-centred cubic (fcc) structure of NiO is revealed by XRD pattern. Surface morphological features associated with nickel oxide were studied by using FESEM. UV–vis spectroscopy is done to evaluate the band gap of as-synthesized material which is found to be around 2.81 eV.

Carbon nitride anchored NiO nanoparticles as robust catalyst for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction

Energy-efficient water electrocatalysis requires an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst which is not only earth-abundant but also highly stable. Herein, a facile impregnation method is demonstrated to synthesize nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) of two different size ranges, i.e., 3–7 nm and 15–30 nm, uniformly anchored on gC3N4 forming a nanocomposite. The NiO NPs/gC3N4 nanocomposites with varying NiO loadings are synthesized to find the optimum loading for the best OER activity. A mass loading of ∼ 30 % NiO is found to show the highest OER activity from the detailed electrochemical measurements. The best performing NiO NPs/gC3N4 electrocatalyst exhibits an overpotential of 360 mV to achieve current density of 10 mA cm−2 with Tafel slope of 65 mV/dec and TOR of 5.8 s−1 at 360 mV overpotential. The synergistic effect between carbon nitride sheet and NiO NPs leads to the superior OER performance and durability.

In vitro effects of the green synthesized silver and nickel oxide nanoparticles on the motility and egg hatching ability of Marshallagia marshalli

BackgroundGastrointestinal nematodes are one of the serious health problems on the human society and in the livestock industry. Marshallagia marshalli is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminant, have subtle but more significant adverse effects on the health and fitness of their hosts.AimIn this study, green synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have been checked to evaluate the possible antiparasitic effects of nickel oxide and silver nanoparticles on Marshallagia marshalli.MethodsThe characterization of synthesized NiO NPs and Ag NPs was confirmed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The adult worms were incubated with various concentrations of NiO and Ag NPs with the quantity of; 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ppm for 24 h. Mobility and egg hatching abilities of the parasites were recorded at 4-h intervals.ResultsThe results showed that both of the nanoparticles NiO and Ag NPs have anthelmintic activity against Marshallagia marshalli. The anthelmintic effects increased with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles and the incubation time.ConclusionThe outcome data concluded that Ag-NPs possess a higher level of efficacy than NiO NPs.

Investigating the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Precipitation Method

This work used the deposition method to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. The materials mainly used in this study were nickel sulfate hexahydrate (as a precursor) and NaOH (as a precipitant). The properties of the nanopowder were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and VSM. The obtained results confirmed the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure with a lattice constant (a=4.17834 Å). Scherer and Williamson-Hall equations were used to calculate the crystallite size of about (30.5-35.5) nm. The FE-SEM images showed that the particle shape had a ball-like appearance with a uniform and homogeneous distribution and confirmed that the particles were within the nanoscale. The presence of oxygen and nickel atoms was confirmed by the EDX test. The magnetic properties results showed that nanoNiO had a narrow hysteretic loop. It consumed the least amount of energy and, therefore, can be used as a core for electric motors and transformers.

In-vitro cytotoxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles against L-6 cell-lines: MMP, MTT and ROS studies

In the present work we synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using Rhododendron arboretum (flower) (RNi), Tinospora cordifolia (stems) (GNi), Corylus jacquemontii (seeds) (CNi), and Nardostachys jatamansi (roots) (NNi) extracts by co-precipitation method. The synthesized NiO NPs were characterized in detail in terms of their morphological, crystalline nature, structural and antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines. Morphological studies confirmed the formation of nanoparticles, while the structural and compositional characterization revealed the well-crystallinity and high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. For biological applications and cytotoxicity examinations of the synthesized NPs, the rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines were subjected to study. By detailed cytotoxic investigations, it was observed that among the four kinds of NiO NPs prepared through different plant extracts, the Tinospora cordifolia (stems) showed strong antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines and the calculated IC50 was 1.671 mg/mL. The observed antiproliferative activity towards different NiO NPs were in the order of GNi > NNi > RNi > CNi. The present studies demonstrate that simply synthesized NiO can efficiently be used as antiproliferative agents.

Manganese doped nickel oxide as room temperature gas sensor for formaldehyde detection

The current investigation dealt with the synthesis of Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles with excellent surface modification using Manganese (Mn) doping via co-precipitation route alongside varying the sintering temperature. The prepared NiO and Manganese doped NiO (Mn–NiO) were characterized to analyze structural, elemental, morphological, optical and gas sensing studies. The research reveals noticeable sensing characteristics for a variety of volatile organic compounds, exclusively for Formaldehyde (HCHO) gases. The diffraction patterns obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis match up to the face-centred cubic phase of NiO. A redshift in the diffraction angles for Mn–NiO nanostructures compared with pristine NiO proves the presence of Mn ions. The scanning electron microscopy technique depicted NiO holding nanohexagon morphologies while the Mn-doped NiO exhibited sphere-like structures. The electronic states and compositions of the pure and Mn-doped NiO nanomaterials were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which affirms the doping and purity of the NiO and Mn–NiO nanomaterials. Moreover, gas sensor studies of NiO and Mn-doped NiO nanomaterials sintered at various temperatures were tested at room temperatures and different concentrations of the formaldehyde (HCHO) gas. The optimized sintering temperatures for pure NiO and doped NiO nanomaterials based on formaldehyde sensors were 500 °C. For 100 ppm concentration, NiO (300 °C), NiO (500 °C), NiO (700 °C) and Mn–NiO (300 °C), Mn–NiO (500 °C), Mn–NiO (700 °C) gas sensors displayed gas responses of 105.43, 3013.5, 83.43, 793.74, 12593, 4698.1 respectively at room temperature. Hence, Mn-doped NiO nanospheres sintered at 500 °C based formaldehyde sensor displayed appreciable response than sensors based on pure NiO and Mn-doped NiO sintered at 500 °C and 700 °C.

Dye degradation efficiency of green synthesized NiO@GO nanocomposite with biological application

The photocatalytic activity of green synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles derived using Sterculia foetida leaf extract was examined by introducing into graphene oxide (GO). Graphene oxide has porous nature which might enlarge the photocatalytic execution of NiO nanoparticles. NiO nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were prepared by solution combustion method and introduced into graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by Hummers method to form NiO@GO nanocomposite. Various techniques were used for the material characterization of the above synthesized compounds such as UV, FTIR, Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic execution of NiO@GO nanocomposite on deterioration of Methylene blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG) have been examined and the results indicate that the GO plays a critical part in the improvement of photocatalytic execution. Antibacterial activity has been carried out against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The synthesized NiO@GO nanocomposite accomplishes a most extreme decay efficiency of 98% for Methylene blue than Malachite green under UV-light.

Nickel oxide nanofibers manufactured via sol-gel method: synthesis, characterization and use it as a photo-anode in the dye sensitized solar cell

A modified method with sol-gel nickel oxide (NiO) nano fibers was used for current research synthesized. FE‐ SEM, AFM,and UV visible spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology and optic properties of the synthesized nano. The synthesized nickel oxide structure has been demonstrated with X-ray diffraction (XRD),average crystalline size was 10.08 nm while particle size ~23 nm with fiber structure from FE‐ SEM and 16.87 nm from AFM. Nanofiber was used to produce a new solar cell (ITO/ NiO/ Rhodamina 6 G/iodide/Al nanofilm/ITO) with a photo-sensitization of approximately 0.973%.

Photocatalytic Degradtion of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Using One-Pot Synthesized Nickel Oxide Grafted Glycine (Nio @Gly) Nanostructured: Oxygen Vacavcies Effect

Photocatalytic Degradtion of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Using One-Pot Synthesized Nickel Oxide Grafted Glycine (Nio @Gly) Nanostructured: Oxygen Vacavcies Effect

Synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Clitoria ternatea flower extract: Photocatalytic dye degradation under sunlight and antibacterial activity applications

The present study is aimed to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) by using medicinal flower extract of Clitoria ternatea and examine its antibacterial and photocatalytic dye degradation activities. The synthesized NPs were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy wherein they exhibited a color change pattern and confirmed their maximum absorption peak at 280 nm, which is distinct for NiO NPs. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of various functional groups in the flower extract as well as on the NiO NPs. XRD studies revealed the high crystalline nature of NiO NPs with 9.6 nm average size. The TEM micrograph shows hexagonal shape of the NPs that are non-agglomerated with a particle size of 13 nm. The composition of nickel and oxygen elements was confirmed through EDX studies. Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of NiO NPs was tested against both gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, photocatalytic degradation of Fast Green (FG) and Rose Bengal (RB) dye molecules were performed by using NiO NPs. Based on the obtained results, we confirmed that NiO NPs degrade FG by 89 % and RB by 77 % in the presence of sun light.

Phytochemical-Assisted Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles for Application as Electrocatalysts in Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising solution to resolve the global energy crisis. Tuning the morphology and particle size is a crucial aspect in designing a highly efficient nanomaterials-based electrocatalyst for water splitting. Herein, green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using phytochemicals from three different sources was employed to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiOx NPs). Nickel (II) acetate tetrahydrate was reacted in presence of aloe vera leaves extract, papaya peel extract and dragon fruit peel extract, respectively, and the physicochemical properties of the biosynthesized NPs were compared to sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-mediated NiOx. Based on the average particle size calculation from Scherrer’s equation, using X-ray diffractograms and field-emission scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that all three biosynthesized NiOx NPs have smaller particle size than that synthesized using the base. Aloe-vera-mediated NiOx NPs exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance with an overpotential of 413 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 95 mV dec−1. Electrochemical surface area (ECSA) measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis verified that the high surface area, efficient charge-transfer kinetics and higher conductivity of aloe-vera-mediated NiOx NPs contribute to its low overpotential values.

Sol-gel synthesized nickel oxide nanostructures on nickel foam and nickel mesh for a targeted energy storage application

The nickel-based oxides are treated as favourable pseudocapacitive electrode materials for energy storage application owing to their inexpensive nature, well-defined redox activity, as well as liberty in tuning the microstructures by changing the synthesis process optimizing its vital parameters. However, a real challenge for fabricating nickel-based materials is to sustain the uniform morphology onto a conductive substrates like FTO, ITO, stainless steel, nickel foam, nickel mesh, and copper foam etc. Herein, nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures (NSs) with high pseudocapacitive performance have been prepared via the sol-gel technique for energy storage application. The structural identity of NiO-NSs is documented by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure of the synthesized NSs. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the valence state of the nickel as ‘+2′ and oxygen as ‘-2′. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy of NiO-NSs revealed non-uniform large spherical clusters agglomerated onto the surface. The NiO-NSs manifested the mesoporous channels and exhibit a surface area of 31.4 m2g-1, which is evaluated through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The fabricated NiO-nickel foam (NF) electrode exhibit a high specific capacitance of 871 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5 mVs−1 in 4 M KOH solution. Moreover, the NiO−NF electrode displayed the cyclic retention of 86.5 % after 10,000 cycles. The mesoporous channels of the electrode material afford plentiful, accessible, active sites to the effective charge transportation of electrolyte charges over the electrolyte-electrode interface and boost the electrochemical performance of NiONF −electrodes. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor device constructed with NiO−NF as the anode and AC−NF as the cathode delivers high specific energy and specific power (24 Whkg−1 at 2.9 kWkg−1), and good cycling stability (retention of 89.7 % over 5 000 cycles)