Synthesis Of Metal Oxides Research Articles

Mineral Heterostructures for Simultaneous Removal of Lead and Arsenic Ions

This study focuses on Pb2+ and As(V) adsorption on mineral heterostructures based on a mixture of Si, Fe, and Ti oxides (MOHs). Various techniques were performed to analyze the morphological and structural properties of the synthesized metal oxide samples. In addition to the experimental optimization of the parameters determined by the response surface method (RSM), the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact duration on the batch and column system adsorption efficiency of single-component and simultaneous lead and arsenate removal were tested. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Weber–Morris model were more relevant to the adsorption on the metal(loid)s. The adsorption of Pb2+ was related to the Langmuir isotherm model, while the adsorption of As(V) was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneity of the adsorption process with a low endothermic character. The MOHs were more effective in removing Pb2+ and As(V) in the multi-component system (87.7 and 46.1%, respectively) than in the single-component system (56.3 and 23.4%, respectively). This study demonstrates that mineral heterostructures can be effectively used to remove cations and anions from water systems, and due to their fast kinetics, they can be applied to the needs of rapid interventions after pollution.

Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial activity and dye degradation of metal oxides (TiO2, CdO, Mn2O3, and ZnO) nanoparticles using a green approach.

A tremendous amount of recent work has been done on different metal oxide nanomaterials for biological activities and photocatalytic dye degradation. This work used the Cissus quadrangularis leaf extract to prepare TiO2, CdO, Mn2O3, and ZnO nanoparticles using a green synthesis approach. To ascertain the physicochemical characteristics of the generated metal oxide nanoparticles, various characterisation techniques were used. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to determine the composition of the crystal and phase. Metal oxide nanoparticles have been proven to be present through surface morphological investigations using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectra were used for spectroscopic analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can determine a material's elemental composition in addition to the electronicand chemicalstates of its atoms. The nanomaterial's distinct morphology, which resembles rods, rose petals, platelets, and spheres, was discovered by scanning electron microscope. Synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated a remarkable efficiency of 87.5-90.6% when utilized as a catalyst towards the removal of the malachite green dye under UV light irradiation. Additionally, we use the disc diffusion method to assess antibiotic efficacy against Bacillus subtilis, Candida tropicalis, and Escherichia coli. ZnO nanoparticles had the greatest zones of inhibition for 80 μL doses, measuring 26.99mm for Bacillus subtilis, 27.57mm for Escherichia coli, and 25.28mm for Candida tropicalis. The antimicrobial activity was strongly impacted by the size of the nanoparticles and increased with decreasing particle size. Overall, our research demonstrates that metal oxide nanoparticles are a promising photocatalytic agent for wastewater treatment and biological applications.

Lemon Peel‐Extracted Recyclable Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption: Optimization, Isotherms, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Reusability Study

AbstractResearchers are exploring sustainable methods for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles to address wastewater pollution, which poses a global threat to aquatic life and human health. The present research aims to biosynthesize recyclable Lemon peel‐extracted copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) to remove methylene blue dye via adsorption. Our approach involves a comprehensive range of techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM‐EDX, Zeta potential, and UV‐VIS, to thoroughly characterize the NPs. SEM analysis confirmed that the CuO NPs, with an average size of 64.5 nm and a nearly spherical shape, exhibited a zeta potential value of – 16.34, indicating their relative stability. Optimized conditions for the 92.20% adsorption efficiency for methylene blue dye were pH at 6, contact time of 90 min, 0.06 g of adsorbent dose, 10 ppm dye conc., and Temp. 27 °C. Langmuir 1‐based maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 617.28 mg/g for CuO NPs. Langmuir 1 and Freundlich are the most suitable isotherm models for experimental data, supporting Physi‐chemisorption and chemisorption as rate‐limiting steps in the exothermic adsorption process. A reusability study of up to three cycles proved the sustainability of the materials.

Phyto-mediated fabrication of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Mollugo oppositifolia L aqueous leaf extract: Antibacterial, antitonicity, and molecular docking studies

The use of bio-processes for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles represents a forefront area of research in nanotechnology. This study introduces a rapid and eco-friendly approach for producing cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) utilizing the aqueous extract of Mollugo oppositifolia L leaves as a catalyst. The synthesized CeO2 NPs underwent comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the CeO2 NPs was assessed in vitro against various bacterial strains, demonstrating a concentration-dependent inhibition zone when exposed to concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Antitonicity activity results of the synthesized CeO2 NPs revealed significant activity. Further molecular docking studies also revealed that the synthesized CeO2 NPs have better docking ability compared to control Streptomycin in E. coli topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B (PDB ID:1KZN).

Seidlitzia rosmarinus as a multipurpose environmentally friendly alkali in simultaneous dyeing and nanofinishing of polyester fabric: ZnO-NPs synthesis, carrier-free dyeing, and reduction clearing

A multipurpose product could be produced by synthesizing metal oxides and dyeing the fabric. However, to achieve better, cleaner results while consuming less energy, it is ideal to shorten the time and reduce costs by simultaneously creating nanoparticles and dyeing. This work facilitates carrier-free dyeing of polyester fabric and the synthesis of ZnO-NPs using Kelyab as a green alkali. The remarkable results demonstrated reduced bending length, i.e., a softer handle, higher air permeability, and tensile strength, longer resistance in alkaline conditions, and comparable color strength and fastness. Moreover, the after-treatment, the last treatment step on the finished or dyed fabric, pertains to the reduction clearing. It is essential for dyed PET fabric, given its significance in colorimetric characteristics and other fastness attributes, particularly washing. Thus, it is necessary to develop innovative techniques to achieve these objectives without using harmful chemicals. Kelyab, as an environmentally safe reducing agent, produced comparable results to those of the conventional method, especially in color strength. In addition, air plasma was applied as a surface activation and green pre-treatment, resulting in the highest color and tensile strength. The prepared samples were examined using FT-IR, XRD, and FESEM, among other tests. Using fewer chemicals (50% lower) in the reduction clearing, saving time and energy for preparing reduction solution, and lowering the requirement for waste-water treatment in the simultaneous nanosynthesis and dyeing are the novelties of the introduced processing that can replace conventional method in dyeing, post-dyeing, and nanofinishing treatments.

Metal alkoxides as models for metal oxides—the concept revisited

Sol-Gel synthesis of metal oxides constitutes a tremendously exciting domain of inorganic chemistry, where molecular and supramolecular science meet the physical chemistry and materials science. Structure and reactivity, especially surface complexation of biologically important molecules on the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles can efficiently be traced through structural studies of metal oxo-paperbags—the product of partial hydrolysis of alkoxide precursors. Paperbag is a recently proposed term to denote oligonuclear complexes not featuring intrinsic metal-metal bonding and thus not qualified to be called “clusters”. Another important insight, provided recently by the studies of heterometallic species, is dealing with visualization of bonding modes of single atom catalysts on metal oxide substrates and reveals possible coordination environments of heteroatoms on doping. The studies of large paperbag aggregates can contribute to understanding of factors influencing the bandgap and photocatalytic activity of related oxides. The use of these species directly as photo or electro catalysts is rather debatable, however, in the view of high reactivity of these alkoxide intermediates, easily transforming them into metal oxide nanoparticles on hydrolysis or thermolysis.Graphical

The impact of processing voltage of wire electric discharge machining on the performance of Mo doped V-VO0.2 based Archimedean micro-supercapacitors.

Vanadium oxide-based electrode materials have attracted increasing attention owing to their extraordinary capacitance and prolonged lifespan, excellent conductivity and outstanding electrochemical reversibility. However, the development of vanadium oxide-based integrated electrodes with outstanding capacitive performance is an enduring challenge. This research reports a facile method for structuring 3D Archimedean micro-supercapacitors (AMSCs) composed of Mo doped V-VO0.2 (Mo@V-VO0.2) based integrated electrodes with designable geometric shape, using computer-aided wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). The performance of Mo@V-VO0.2 based AMSCs manufactured by different processing voltages of 60 V, 80 V and 100 V were evaluated. It was found that 80 V is the optimal processing voltage for manufacturing Mo@V-VO0.2 based AMSCs with the best electrochemical performance. This device demonstrates superior capacitive behavior even at an ultra-high scan rate of 50, 000 mV s-1, and achieves a good capacitance retention rate of 94.4% after 2000 cycles. Additionally, the characteristics of electric field distribution were also simulated for optimizing the geometric structure of the microdevices. This WEDM fabrication technique, which is easy, secure, patternable, efficient, economical, eco-friendly, and does not require binders or conductive additives, enables the development of high-capacity 3D pseudocapacitive micro-supercapacitors and demonstrates the great potential for metal oxide synthesis and microdevice manufacturing.

Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant of Phytosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aloe Fleurentinorum Leaves Extract

The environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles effectively save time, money, and effort. These methods involve the phytosynthesis process, which depends on plant extracts. To produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO − NPs), we used at this work an extract of Aloe Fleurentinorum Leaves (AFL) as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent. As well as the effect of altering some parameters on the synthesis of ZnO − NPs, such as the Temperature (T), the potential of hydrogen (pH), and the volume ratio (V/V), was studied using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), crystallite size, and microstrain was determined, and the average crystallite size was between 16.50, and 25.99 nm. Also, ZnO − NPs were characterized optically by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and got 3.13 eV band gap energy. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy was used for characterization. The antibacterial activities of ZnO − NPs were investigated against four bacterial species, and the results exhibit a noticeable effect, especially against gram-positive species, with inhibition zones ranging from 17 to 20 mm for the different concentrations. Also, the DPPH free radical method was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles at various concentrations, which showed a moderate scavenging efficiency of 52.74% at 800 µg/mL.

Construction of Molecularly Dispersed Polyoxometalate-Alumina Hybrid Hollow Nanoflowers via Water-Induced Kirkendall Effect.

Hybrid nanomaterials with controllable structures and diverting components have attracted significant interest in the functional materials field. Here, we develop a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) strategy to synthesize nanosheet-assembled phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo)-alumina hybrid hollow spheres. The resulting nanoflowers display a high surface area (up to 697 m2 g-1), adjustable diameter, high chemical/thermal stability, and especially molecularly dispersed H3PMo species. By employing various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, the formation mechanism is elucidated, revealing the simultaneous control of the morphology by heteropoly acids and water through the water-induced Kirkendall effect. The versatility of the synthesis method is demonstrated by varying surfactants, heteropoly acids, and metal oxide precursors for the facile synthesis of hybrid metal oxides. Spherical hybrid alumina serves as an attractive support material for constructing metal-acid bifunctional catalysts owing to its advantageous surface area, acidity, and mesoporous microenvironment. Pt-loaded hollow flowers exhibit excellent catalytic performance and exceptional stability in the hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin with recyclability for up to 10 cycles. This research presents an innovative strategy for the controllable synthesis of hybrid metal oxide nanospheres and hollow nanoflowers, providing a multifunctional platform for diverse applications.

Influence of Substrate Location and Temperature Variation on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hot Water Treatment.

Hot water treatment (HWT) is a versatile technique for synthesizing metal oxide nanostructures (MONSTRs) by immersing metal substrates in hot water, typically in glass beakers. The proximity of substrates to the heat source during HWT can influence the temperature of the substrate and subsequently impact MONSTR growth. In our study, zinc (Zn) substrates underwent HWT at the base of a glass beaker in contact with a hot plate and at four different vertical distances from the base. While the set temperature of deionized (DI) water was 75.0 °C, the substrate locations exhibited variations, notably with the base reaching 95.0 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy showed stoichiometric and crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. ZnO rods on the base, exposed to higher temperatures, displayed greater growth in length and diameter, and higher crystallinity. Nanorods with increasing vertical distances from the base exhibited a logarithmic decrease in length despite identical temperatures, whereas their diameters remained constant. We attribute these findings to crucial HWT growth mechanisms like surface diffusion and "plugging", influenced by temperature and water flow within the beaker. Our results provide insights for optimizing synthesis parameters to effectively control MONSTR growth through HWT.

Aqueous synthesis of bare and Ag incorporated ZnO, CuO and ZnO–CuO nanomaterials with enhanced catalytic potential

The present work demonstrates a low-cost, single-step route for synthesizing ZnO, CuO, and ZnO–CuO nanomaterials using oxalic acid as a precipitating agent, avoiding using other surfactants. The current research also demonstrates the chemical reduction method for incorporating Ag nanoparticles onto the surface of the synthesized metal oxide nanostructures using sodium borohydride as the reductant. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the phase purity and crystallinity of the nanoparticles, while X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy characterizes the chemical states of surface elements. UV–vis spectra of the samples disclose the modifications shaped by Ag nanoparticles in the absorption characteristics and energy band gap of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO–CuO nanomaterials. The catalytic potentials of the synthesized materials are tested by monitoring degradation reactions of hazardous organic pollutants, including methylene blue and methyl orange, within a few minutes. The significant finding of the present study emphasizes the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles to ZnO–CuO nanocomposite and the use of sodium borohydride in photocatalysis effectively to enhance the rates of degradation of pollutant dyes without the use of intense radiation or unique lamps by initiating a three-stage electron transfer mechanism.

Zinc and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Pioneering Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Strategies for Environmental Restoration against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.

This study explores the challenge of antimicrobial resistance by investigating the utilization of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The synthesized metal oxide NPs underwent thorough characterization through various analytical techniques, confirming their nanoparticulate nature. Electronic absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed successful reduction processes and crystalline properties, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated the stabilization of nanoparticles in solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed well-defined spherical and flower-like morphologies for the zinc and copper oxide nanoparticles, with sizes approximately ranging from 50 nm to 25 nm Notably, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited heightened efficacy in impeding biofilm formation, with zinc oxide NPs displaying superior antibacterial activity compared to copper. These findings suggest the promising potential of these nanoparticles in controlling antibiotic-resistant organisms, even following WWTP treatment processes. This research contributes to the ongoing advancements in nanotechnology aimed at combating antibiotic resistance, offering new prospects for the development of effective wastewater treatment strategies.

Quantifying the regime of thermodynamic control for solid-state reactions during ternary metal oxide synthesis.

The success of solid-state synthesis often hinges on the first intermediate phase that forms, which determines the remaining driving force to produce the desired target material. Recent work suggests that when reaction energies are large, thermodynamics primarily dictates the initial product formed, regardless of reactant stoichiometry. Here, we validate this principle and quantify its constraints by performing in situ characterization on 37 pairs of reactants. These experiments reveal a threshold for thermodynamic control in solid-state reactions, whereby initial product formation can be predicted when its driving force exceeds that of all other competing phases by ≥60 milli-electron volt per atom. In contrast, when multiple phases have a comparable driving force to form, the initial product is more often determined by kinetic factors. Analysis of the Materials Project data shows that 15% of possible reactions fall within the regime of thermodynamic control, highlighting the opportunity to predict synthesis pathways from first principles.

Spinel cobalt-based binary metal oxides as emerging materials for energy harvesting devices: synthesis, characterization and synchrotron radiation-enabled investigation.

The synthesis and characterization of spinel cobalt-based metal oxides (MCo2O4) with varying 3d-transition metal ions (Ni, Fe, Cu, and Zn) were explored using a hydrothermal process (140 °C for two hours) to be used as alternative counter electrodes for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed distinct morphologies for each metal oxide, such as NiCo2O4 nanosheets, Cu Co2O4 nanoleaves, Fe Co2O4 diamond-like, and Zn Co2O4 hexagonal-like structures. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the cubic spinel structure for the prepared MCo2O4 films. The functional groups of MCo2O4 materials were recognized in metal oxides throughout Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The local structure analysis using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) at Fe and Co K-edge identified octahedral (Oh) Co3+ and tetrahedral (Td) Co2+ coordination, with Zn2+ and Cu2+ favoring Td sites, while Ni3+ and Fe3+ preferred Oh active sites. Further investigations utilizing the Fourier transformation (FT) analysis showed comparable coordination numbers and interatomic distances ranked as Co-Cu > Co-Fe > Zn-Co > Co-Ni. Furthermore, the utilization of MCo2O4 thin films as counter electrodes in DSSC fabrication showed promising results. Notably, solar cells based on CuCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4 counter electrodes showed 1.9% and 1.13% power conversion efficiency, respectively. These findings indicate the potential of employing these binary metal oxides for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic device production.

“Efficacy of datura metel leaf extract on MnSrO2 NPs synthesized using a green method in terms of pollutant reduction and antimicrobial activity.”

In this work, we prepared both chemical and biogenic synthesis of MnSrO2 (0, 5, 20 ml DLE) nanoparticles using datura metel leaf extraction by co-precipitation method and also prepared Sulfadiazine dye for catalytic activity. The applications and properties of green MnSrO2 nanoparticles have compared and they were characterized via XRD, SEM, FT-IR, EDX, UV–visible, and PL techniques. These nanoparticles showed an 18–8 nm diameter range, which was arranged in a spherical form combined randomly. The evidence from FTIR spectra showed peaks around 492, 487, 483, 655, 606, and 603 cm−1 for the creation of SrMnO2 NPs. Antibacterial activity of MnSrO2 (0, 5, 20 ml DLE) was measured by the well-diffusion method against pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles was investigated by UV–visible spectroscopy for Sulfadiazine dye degradation with bare MnSrO2 NPs, g-MnSrO2 NPs [5 ml DLE], and g-MnSrO2 NPs [20 ml DLE] in presence of visible light irradiation.

Synthesis of BaO/NiO/rGO nanocomposite for supercapacitor application

Abstract Considering the global energy crisis, alternative energy resources requirement is rising gradually. In light of dwindling energy resources, we turn to renewable alternatives. Storing this energy for future utilization remains a pressing endeavor. The ideal storage device should possess intensified energy density, power density, and cyclic stability. In this study, we have synthesized metal oxide with carbon based material nanocomposite such as BaO/NiO, BaO/NiO/rGO through cost effective co-precipitation method and their comparative performance for supercapacitor application were studied. Various characterizations were taken for the above synthesized material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the material formation and their crystallinity of the nanocomposite. BaO has tetragonal structure which was confirmed through JCPDS card number 26-0178 and NiO has rhombohedral structure which was confirmed through JCPDS card number 89-7390. To study electrochemical behaviour of electrode material and its cyclic stability, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies was executed. BaO/NiO/rGO possesses 1072 F/g specific capacitance at 0.3 A/g in aqueous 1 M KOH. The electrochemical action of hybrid device was setup and it revealed 224 F/g at 0.3 A/g within the charging potential of 1.6 V. Capacitive retention of 97.6 % was achieved by asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor even after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g, this shows prepared nanocomposite exceptional cyclic stability in energy storage application.

Space-confined growth of two-dimensional manganese oxide nanosheets in plant-cell structures for efficient tetracycline degradation

Manganese oxides (MnxOy) stand out as promising candidates for various redox reaction involved applications due to their diverse valence states. The expansive surface area of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an abundance of active sites for reactions, thereby gathering significant interest for catalytic applications. Nonetheless, facile synthesis of 2D nano metal oxides remains a challenge. In this study, cabbage leaf cells were employed as bio-scaffolds to fabricate 2D MnxOy nanomaterials, leveraging the confined space within the cells. The resulting 2D MnxOy nanosheets, featured by multiple valence states and composed of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 nanocrystals, exhibit a planar size of 32 nm and a lamellar thickness of about 3.95 nm. The distinctive 2D structure, coupled with the material’s multivalent manganese, facilitates efficient electron transfer, enhancing its function as a hetero-catalyst. Consequently, 2D MnxOy nanosheets demonstrate remarkable efficiency, achieving an 89 % removal of tetracycline (40 mg·L–1) with the assistance of H2O2. This study paves the way for employing biological templates to meticulously synthesize nanomaterials with precise morphologies, with applications extending across various fields.

INFLUENCE OF PRECURSOR MOLARITY AND LEAF EXTRACT CONCENTRATION ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) exhibit optical, electrical, and magnetic properties depending on their size and morphology. These properties are essential for using ZnONPs in various fields such as cosmetics, electronics and medicine. The properties and applications of ZnONPs depend on how they are synthesized, whether physical, chemical, or biological. This study aimed to produce ZnONPs by utilizing the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and to study the effect of precursor molarity and leaf extract concentration on physical properties. The precipitated compound was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX). Here, we prepared ZnONPs under four different molarity (0.2[Formula: see text]M, 0.3[Formula: see text]M 0.4[Formula: see text]M, and 0.5[Formula: see text]M) and two different leaf extract concentrations (10[Formula: see text]ml, 15[Formula: see text]ml). We analyzed the difference obtained in the average particle size in each case. From the XRD the major diffraction peaks are observed at 36.3, 47.53, 36.33, and 36 for 0.2[Formula: see text]M, 0.3[Formula: see text]M, 0.4[Formula: see text]M, and 0.5[Formula: see text]M, respectively. The average particle size was found to be in the range of 12–30[Formula: see text]nm. UV study was used to inspect the optical nature of the prepared ZnONPs and SEM confirmed the sample’s morphology. Investigations on the role of precursor molarity and leaf extract concentration in synthesizing ZnONPs indicated that average particle size increases with increasing precursor molarity and leaf extract concentration. The study also suggested that synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles using botanical extract is an eco-friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods.

Color design for cotton fabric by rapid in-situ synthesis of metal oxides on the fiber surface using organic solvent-assisted method

The coloration of cotton fabric with wild application has attracted extensive attention to cotton fiber, due to the efficient utilization of renewable industrial crops. However, the utilization of rapid in-situ synthesis of metal oxides with color is inadequate. Herein, a rapid strategy for constructing multi-color cotton fabric is designed to propose a rapid in-situ synthesis of metal oxides on the surface of cotton fiber in a high-temperature organic solvent system within 40 s. The colored metal oxide of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) are in-situ synthesis on the surface of cotton fibers by different precursor solutions. The bright-colored cotton fabrics are developed within 40 s as well as satisfactory K/S values of 7.53, 2.67, and 0.98, for Cu2O (Cu2O-Cotton), WO3 (WO3-Cotton), and CoMoO4 (CoMoO4-Cotton), respectively. The stable structure of the various colored cotton fabrics is demonstrated by level 3 of rubbing fastness and washing fastness, and acceptable air permeability. Moreover, assigned to the nature of particles, the colored cotton fabrics are fabricated with thermal stability and better ultraviolet protection factors. The rapid in-situ metal oxides with precursor solutions provide a time- and water-saving method to prepare colored cotton fabrics, which exhibits an ideal efficiency, and practical potential application for coloring and functionalization.

One‐Step Synthesis and Deposition of Metal Oxides: NiO Quantum Dots as a Transport Layer for Perovskite Photovoltaics

One‐step synthesis and deposition of nickel oxide quantum dots using a gas‐phase microplasma process is demonstrated and their applicability as a transport layer for solar cell devices is shown. The process uses a solid nickel metal wire as sacrificial electrode, and the concentration of oxygen gas required in the synthesis is investigated. The quantum dots are characterized for physical, chemical, and optical properties and critical process parameters such as the process throughput are also estimated. Direct one‐step deposition directly on perovskite solar cells is carried out using a computer‐controlled x–y stage and the performance of the solar cell device is assessed.