Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticles Research Articles

Electrochemical non-enzymatic strategy with green synthesized Fe2O3[sbnd]CuO nanocomposite for detection of amiprofos-methyl herbicide in industrial effluents and soils

Iron oxide-Copper oxide nanoparticles composite (Fe2O3CuO NPs) was synthesized through a green phytosynthetic approach using Ocimum sanctum Linn (commonly known as Tulsi) leaf extract. The evaluation of electrocatalytic properties were evaluated by carrying out electrochemical detection of amiprofos-methyl (APM), an organophosphorus herbicide. It is moderately toxic to mammals and aquatic biodiversity and is considered to be an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The presence of specific natural phytochemicals such as eugenol, naringenin, apigenin, quercetin, and high amount of ascorbic acid in the aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn plant parts, has been widely used for the synthesis of various metallic nanoparticles where these compounds serve as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The synthesized Fe2O3CuO NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The modified electrode was electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques for the detection of APM. The electrochemical signals have increased by three folds in the detection of APM with Fe2O3CuO nanocomposite compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical sensor showed a linear range of 0.05 to 30 µg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.0065 µg/mL. The developed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the detection of APM in different water and soil samples with recoveries ranging from 96.00−99.00%. The electrode showed good stability and reproducibility over a period of 10 days with a 95% of peak current than the former. The newly synthesized nanoparticles, thus, proved to be an interesting material for electrochemical and biological studies.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using papaya seed extract for the functionalization of nanocellulose membranes

Papaya seeds are a byproduct with virtually no commercial purposes nowadays, although they are a promising renewable source of many types of chemical compounds, with high contents of antioxidants. These chemicals have the potential to act as reducing agents in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles as well as having antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Biosynthesized nanoparticles can be used to improve the commercial use of papaya seeds, mostly by doping nanocellulose membranes with these nanoparticles, allowing the production of sustainable and biocompatible nanocomposites with noteworthy properties. Here, we report the preparation of papaya seed extract in ethanol to use as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) since natural extracts are considered a greener, low-cost, and efficient approach. For comparison, AuNPs synthesize with sodium citrate as a reducing agent were utilized as a positive control. Further, the biosynthesized AuNPs were impregnated in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) membranes at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% based on a strategy of biomass valorization. Papaya seeds had a 30% yield in ethanol, and a diverse composition of antioxidant chemicals, such as flavonoids and phytosterols. The AuNPs biosynthesized with papaya seed extract showed a surface plasmon resonance band at 545 nm. Due to the variable content of the ethanolic seed extract, the biosynthesized AuNPs had different morphology than the reference, showing distinct shapes and sizes ranging from 15 to 60 nm. In terms of shelf life, both reference and biosynthesized AuNPs presented better stability at low-temperature storage. Doping of NFC membranes revealed that the biosynthesized AuNPs would have a higher nanoparticle concentration in the biosynthesis and stronger adhesion to the NFC than the reference nanoparticles, especially for a 2.0% doping concentration. Also, they presented a homogeneous distribution across the cellulose nanofibrils with several sites impregnated with AuNPs. The results highlight a potentially simple and green route using Brazilian papaya seeds to synthesize AuNPs and impregnate NFC membranes for noteworthy applications based on the bioeconomy and biorefinery concepts.

Molecular simulations of adsorption of surfactant micelles on partially and fully covered iron surfaces

Surfactant – metal interactions are important in applications like corrosion inhibition and synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, wherein surfactants are often added above their critical micelle concentration. Under these conditions, surfactant micelles exist in dynamic equilibrium with free surfactant molecules. Due to their faster diffusion compared to the micelles, free surfactant molecules rapidly adsorb onto metal-water interfaces. Therefore, adsorbing surfactant micelles invariably encounter metal-water interfaces with some adsorbed surfactants. We have studied, via atomistic simulations, adsorption behavior of micelles of a quaternary ammonium-based surfactant at iron-water interfaces that are partially or fully covered with adsorbed surfactant molecules. We find that on a partially covered surface, a micelle prefers to adsorb on a bare metal patch. On a fully covered surface, the micelle adsorbs on top of already adsorbed molecules and attains a hemispherical morphology. The adsorption free energy decreases as the coverage of iron-water interface with surfactants increases.

Rotheca serrata Flower Bud Extract Mediated Bio-Friendly Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles: Their Characterizations, Anticancer, and Apoptosis Inducing Ability against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line

Over past decades, the green method of synthesizing metal nanoparticles has acquired more attentiveness by scientific consensus because of its industrial and biomedical applications. This study focuses on the anti-proliferative effectiveness of AgNPs synthesized from Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb. flower bud extract against the PANC-1 cell line in vitro. Various analytical instruments were utilized to visualize the formation of RsFb-AgNPs, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, Zeta potential, and DLS analysis. The biosynthesis of RsFb-AgNPs was observed by a change in color and UV-Vis spectroscopy (415 nm). The FT-IR spectra exhibited the existence of many functional groups. XRD confirmed the crystallinity of the AgNPs. Morphology and elemental mapping were assessed by SEM and EDS analysis. The TEM micrograph revealed spherical-shaped particles with sizes ranging from 12 to 40 nm. Zeta potential and DLS analysis were used to measure surface charge and particle size. Biological properties, including the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of synthesized RsFb-AgNPs, exhibited dose-dependent activities. In DPPH assay, synthesized RsFb-AgNPs inhibited the scavenging of free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the resultant RsFb-AgNPs displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens. Further, the anti-proliferative efficacy of biosynthesized RsFb-AgNPs was determined against the PANC-1 cell line using the MTT assay. The results revealed a dose-dependent decrease in viability of cancer cells with an IC50 value of 36.01 µg/mL. Flow cytometry was then used to confirm the apoptotic effects by double staining with annexin V/PI. In response to the pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma cell line, the results showed notable early and late apoptosis cell population percentages. In conclusion, the synthesized RsFb-AgNPs revealed a potential anticancer agent that can induce apoptosis in the PANC-1 cells.

Metal nanopartiküllerin mikroalgler aracılığı ile yeşil sentezi

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles through biological resources has attracted attention in recent years. The main reason for that, a lot of toxic chemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents are used in physical and chemical methods which are known as conventional methods. Organisms such as plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae are alternative sources for green nanoparticle synthesis because of their more eco-friendly nature and not be a threat to human health. Microalgae as aquatic microorganisms have been added into the formulations of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical for many years, due to their high value-added metabolites such as proteins, vitamins, pigments, fatty acids, intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides. In addition, microalgae have a high potential in biogenic nanoparticle synthesis because of their metal ions accumulation capability, phytoremediation potential, and rich in intracellular and extracellular metabolites that will reduce metal ions to elemental state. In recent years, the number of studies, focused on silver, gold, titanium, zinc, iron, etc. nanoparticle synthesis from many microalgae species by intracellular and extracellular pathways has increased. This review article aims to provide a brief outline of microalgae and cyanobacteria species studied in the context of nanoparticle synthesis, different approaches for nanoparticle synthesis from microalgae, the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis, and basic characterization principles and antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles produced by green synthesis.

Current Trends and Prospects for Application of Green Synthesized Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer and COVID-19 Therapies.

Cancer and COVID-19 have been deemed as world health concerns due to the millions of lives that they have claimed over the years. Extensive efforts have been made to develop sophisticated, site-specific, and safe strategies that can effectively diagnose, prevent, manage, and treat these diseases. These strategies involve the implementation of metal nanoparticles and metal oxides such as gold, silver, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide, formulated through nanotechnology as alternative anticancer or antiviral therapeutics or drug delivery systems. This review provides a perspective on metal nanoparticles and their potential application in cancer and COVID-19 treatments. The data of published studies were critically analysed to expose the potential therapeutic relevance of green synthesized metal nanoparticles in cancer and COVID-19. Although various research reports highlight the great potential of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as alternative nanotherapeutics, issues of nanotoxicity, complex methods of preparation, biodegradability, and clearance are lingering challenges for the successful clinical application of the NPs. Thus, future innovations include fabricating metal nanoparticles with eco-friendly materials, tailor making them with optimal therapeutics for specific disease targeting, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of safety, therapeutic efficiency, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution.

Scalable Green Synthesis of Ni3N-Encapsulated NC-Layered FeOOH Heterostructures: Bifunctional Electrodes for Sustainable Electrocatalytic Seawater Splitting

Electrodes capable of electrocatalytically splitting seawater sustainably (≥500 h) at industrially acceptable current density (≥400 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of ≤0.6 V) and fabricated utilizing sustainable and scalable procedures are desirable to promote the commercialization of electrolyzer technology for green H2 production. Herewith, we report transition-metal nitride nanoparticle-encapsulated in situ-grown nitrogen-doped carbon (NC)-layered FeOOH-based heterostructures on nickel foam (NC-Ni3Nm/Fe3Nm) as bifunctional electrodes for the electrocatalytic splitting of seawater. The Ni3N/Fe3N nanoflake-encapsulated NCs are synthesized in a one-pot procedure using a sustainable route devoid of ammonia and other harsh reducing agents. Polyacryloyl hydrazide is utilized as the reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, followed by the corresponding Ni3N-encapsulated NC under moderate temperature conditions. The procedure allows control over the metal loading and size of Ni3N nanoflakes in the heterostructures. The generality of the approach is supported by synthesizing Ni3N- and Fe3N-based heterostructures, which may be extended to other mono- and bimetallic systems. NC-Ni3N21 exhibited a bifunctional behavior (ηOER @ 100 mA/cm2 = 0.32 V, and ηHER @ 100 mA/cm2 = 0.29 V) toward the electrocatalytic splitting of seawater in the presence of 1 M KOH. The electrode displayed sustainability (≥700 h) at a fairly high current density (400 mA/cm2) in seawater under alkaline conditions.

Sedeveria pink ruby Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and Their Bioactivity against Livestock Pathogens and in Different Cell Lines.

Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles has a significant impact in developing sustainable technologies for human, animal, and environmental safety. In this study, we synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) using Sedeveria pink ruby (SP) extract and characterized them using UV-visible spectrophotometry, FESEM-EDX, HR-TEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs were evaluated. UV-visible absorption spectra showed λmax at 531 and 410 nm, corresponding to the presence of SP gold NPs (SP-AuNPs) and SP silver NPs (SP-AgNPs). Most NPs were spherical and a few were triangular rods, measuring 5-30 and 10-40 nm, respectively. EDX elemental composition analysis revealed that SP-AuNPs and SP-AgNPs accounted for >60% and 30% of NPs, respectively. Additionally, some organic moieties were present, likely derived from various metabolites in the natural plant extract, which acted as stabilizing and reducing agents. Next, the antimicrobial activity of the NPs against pathogenic microbes was tested. SP-AgNPs showed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Moreover, at moderate and low concentrations, both NPs exhibited weak cytotoxicity in chicken fibroblasts (DF-1) and macrophages (HD11) as well as human intestinal cancer cells (HT-29). Meanwhile, at high concentrations, the NPs exhibited strong cytotoxicity in both chicken and human cell lines. Therefore, the synthesized SP-AuNPs and SP-AgNPs may act as promising materials to treat poultry diseases.

Singlet oxygen driven enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione using surfactant mediated PVA-CuO nanocomposites: Combining physical adsorption and photocatalysis

Despite significant progress in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, repeatability is a major bottleneck. The difficulty can be attributed to the synthetic methods, precursor materials, and surfactants used for surface modification. To provide a better understanding of the role of surfactants in materials synthesis, properties, and applications, this work reports the effect of surface modifiers using three different surfactants: cationic (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB), anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS), and non-ionic (Tween 80, T80). The effect of these surfactants on the catalytic properties and the degradation efficiency of the polymeric matrix (CuO/PVA) has been investigated using 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione (caffeine) as a major pollutant. From the kinetics studies, R2 = 0.9939 for Freundlich isotherm and 0.9839 for pseudo-first-order kinetics indicate that the reaction in the dark follows the Freundlich isotherm, whereas the adsorption of the pollutant on the catalyst surface follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. In addition, the surface modification has a greater impact on the degradation of caffeine as evident from the 29% higher degradation ability of the CTAB-assisted polymeric CuO compared to its unmodified counterpart. Surface characterization of the obtained polymeric matrix revealed that the degradation is also affected by the smaller particle size, band gap, and morphology of the catalyst. The scavenging experiments suggest significant involvement of the singlet oxygen in the degradation of caffeine by reducing the degradation to 49.8% from 96.5% after the addition of the scavenger. Herein, a simplified view of the variable catalytic affinity brought about by the surface modifications of the photocatalyst with respect to the surfactant employed during the synthesis has been presented.

Recent Advances in Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy: A Therapeutic Approach.

Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men and women, it is characterized by the unregulated proliferation of tumor cells. Some of the common risk factors associated with cancer development include the consistent exposure of body cells to carcinogenic agents such as alcohol, tobacco, toxins, gamma rays and alpha particles. Besides the above-mentioned risk factors, conventional therapies such as radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have also been linked to the development of cancer. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been invested in the synthesis of eco-friendly green metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and their medical application. Comparatively, metallic NPs have greater advantages over conventional therapies. Additionally, metallic NPs can be functionalized with different targeting moieties e.g., liposomes, antibodies, folic acid, transferrin, and carbohydrates. Herein, we review and discuss the synthesis, and therapeutic potential of green synthesized metallic NPs for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Finally, the advantages of green hybridized activatable NPs over conventional photosensitizers (PSs) and the future perspectives of nanotechnology in cancer research are discussed in the review. Furthermore, we anticipate that the insights offered in this review will inspire the design and development of green nano-formulations for enhanced image-guided PDT in cancer treatment.

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Effective Disinfectants with Natural Source: a New Inspiration

The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles have been well-proven. Various ways of modifying nanoparticles to get better activity have been reported. Metal crystals from micro to nano size produce excellent and promising properties in a wide range of applications. Various methods have been used in the production of nanoparticles, ranging from chemical to biological methods (green synthesis). Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with plant media brings advantages, one of which is not damaging the environment. The antibacterial ability of silver nanoparticles has been promised, so it is necessary to study its prospects as a disinfectant, especially in the use of plant-based hand sanitizers that are more skin-friendly. In this review, the potential of silver nanoparticles using the green synthesis method is described as a natural material-based disinfectant that is more environmentally friendly.

Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial and Anti-Corrosion Applications

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) developed through green synthesis with various plant extracts have piqued the scientific community due to their antimicrobial and anticorrosion properties. Several synthesis methods and characteristics have been successfully implemented and developed to evaluate the pharmacological properties and performance of these MNPs. This article discusses the synthesis and characteristics of plant-based metallic nanoparticles, the different types of plant-based metallic nanoparticles, and their prospective applications. This review intends to understand, what is commonly reported in scientific papers about MNPs as antimicrobial and anticorrosion agents, as well as highlight the essential parameters and procedures, which affect the antimicrobial and anticorrosion investigation of plant-based MNPs. However, despite the many antibacterial and anticorrosion approaches reported in the literature, very few platforms have achieved large scale. The difficulty in attaining large-scale success could be due, in part, to the complexity of the problem and the various parameters. Therefore, systematic research will be required to establish a standardized, widely accepted validation methodology for synthesizing and characterizing plant-based metallic nanoparticles.

Synthesis of metallic titanium nanoparticles with a combination of ultrasonication and flowing of electric current

The present work involves a method for synthesizing metallic Ti nanoparticles in the liquid phase. A deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of ethylene glycol and choline chloride was used as the solvent for electrolytic dissolution. A nanoparticle colloid solution was prepared from a titanium chloride/DES solution by a flowing electric current, where metallic Ti plates were used as the anode and cathode under ultrasonic irradiation in water at room temperature. The nanoparticulate powder had the crystal structure of hexagonal Ti. The nanoparticle sizes were in the range 4.0–114.0 nm and the metallic Ti nanoparticles were chemically stable in ambient atmosphere. Chemically stable metallic Ti nanoparticles are expected to be applied in fields such as aeronautics, solar cells, molding, etc.

Bioactive exopolysaccharide-composites based on gold and silver nanoparticles tailored for wound healing

The marine isolate Alteromonas macleodii Mo 169 secretes a exopolysaccharide (EPS) mainly composed of glucuronic acid and containing sulphate, pyruvate, and lactate as acyl substituents. The high density of negatively charged functional groups of the EPS renders it the ability to function as a stabilizing and reducing agent for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NP). In this study, silver and gold NP (AgNP and AuNP, respectively) were successfully synthesized and stabilized by A. macleodii Mo 169 EPS. The obtained AuNP and AgNP presenting a spherical shape with an average particle size of 16 and 15 nm, respectively, displaying a polysaccharide layer that apparently contributed to reduce their aggregation. The cytotoxicity of the EPS and the bio-nanocomposites was evaluated on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and fibroblast (CCD-1079Sk) cell lines. None of the samples demonstrated cytotoxicity for concentrations up to 1000 mg L-1. In vitro wound healing experiments demonstrated that both bio-nanocomposites promoted cell migration for concentrations above 100 mg L-1, thus contributing for a faster wound recovery. These findings demonstrate for the first time the potential of A. macleodii Mo169 EPS to synthesize and stabilize nanoparticles that possess promising physical-chemical and biological characteristics that render them valuable for the development of novel biomaterials for several applications, including wound care.

Synergies of Ru/Co nanoparticles and Co single atoms active sites toward efficient electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction for Zn-Air battery

The development of metal-nitrogen-codoped carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desired for the practical applications of energy conversion technologies, but there remains a challenge in elucidating mechanisms of structure–activity relationship for enhancing electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we propose a general approach for the synthesis of metallic RuCo nanoparticles and CoNx species embedded in N-doped carbon electrocatalysts (RuCo@CoNC). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of chemical compositions and 3D hierarchical structures, RuCo@CoNC exhibits high ORR activity and superior durability, outperforming Pt/C catalysts. Density functional theory further reveals that Ru@CoNx possesses stronger reactant adsorption ability and a lower dissociation energy barrier than Co@CoNx, which is conducive to accelerating ORR kinetics. Moreover, the Zn-air battery using RuCo@CoNC as the air cathode presents higher power densities, larger specific capacities and stronger cycling stability, outperforming the Pt/C + RuO2 counterparts. This work presents a perspective for the controllable design of highly-efficient electrocatalysts for energy storage applications.

Biogenic synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles using Melissa officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L. extracts and evaluation of their biosafety potential

In this study we targeted the noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs) biogenic synthesis capacity of two medicinal species with therapeutic potential, namely Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage), cultivated in Romania. Plant material was extracted by maceration, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). Bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (BFSTEM-EDS) techniques were used in order to investigate particles shape, dispersion and chemical elemental analysis. The total polyphenol content for both simple extracts and nanostructured mixtures was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Identification and quantification of secondary metabolites of M. officinalis and S. officinalis were performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The Allium assay was used to evaluate the potential cytogenotoxic activity, for both simple and nanostructured phytochemical complexes, in the case of S. officinalis L. species being performed for the first time. Spherical shaped MNPs with diameters of about 20 nm were biosynthesised in lemon balm extracts. Larger AuNPs were phytosynthesized in sage extract obtained by UAE. Compared to the simple extracts, the antioxidant capacity as well as the amount of total polyphenols in the nanostructured extracts decreased, substantiating the involvement of bioorganic material in the reduction of metal ions. Low frequency of chromosomal aberrations corresponding to crude extracts and extracts supplemented with MNPs, suggest the cytoprotective, antigenotoxic, and safe use of these plant species as potential therapeutic forms in various diseases.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Produced Using Geobacillus spp. Bacteria.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their unique physical and chemical properties, which can be incorporated into a wide range of applications. The growing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial compounds promoted the use of AgNPs in antimicrobial therapy. AgNPs can be obtained using physical and chemical methods, but these technologies are highly unfriendly to nature and produce large amounts of side compounds (for example, sodium borohydride and N,N-dimethylformamide). Therefore, alternative technologies are required for obtaining AgNPs. This report focuses on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles through the reduction of Ag+ with the cell-free secretomes of four Geobacillus bacterial strains, namely, 18, 25, 95, and 612. Only a few studies that involved Geobacillus bacteria in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including AgNPs, have been reported to date. The silver nanoparticles synthesized through bio-based methods were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorbance peak at 410-425 nm, indicative of AgNPs. SEM analysis confirmed that most nanoparticles were spherical. DLS analysis showed that the sizes of the obtained AgNPs were widely distributed, with the majority less than 100 nm in diameter, while the zeta potential values ranged from -25.7 to -31.3 mV and depended on the Geobacillus spp. strain.

Environmentally benign silver bio-nanomaterials as potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents: Green synthesis using Salacia oblonga root extract.

Introduction: The use of plant extracts in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is one of the simplest, most practical, economical, and ecologically friendly methods for avoiding the use of toxic chemicals. Method: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized, employing a high-efficiency, non- toxic, cost-effective, green, and simple technique that included the use of Salacia oblonga root extract (SOR) as a capping agent compared to synthetic nanoparticles. The use of S. oblonga can be seen in traditional medicines for treating diabetes, obesity, rheumatism, gonorrhea, asthma, and hyperglycemia. The objectives of the current study were to green synthesize S. oblonga root extract silver nanoparticles (SOR-AgNPs), characterize them, and study their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Result: The shape of SOR-AgNPs was spherical, at less than 99.8nm in size, and exhibited a crystalline peak at XRD. The green synthesized SOR-AgNPs showed significant antioxidant properties like DPPH (80.64μg/mL), reducing power capacity (81.09 ± SEMμg/mL), nitric oxide (96.58μg/mL), and hydroxyl (58.38μg/mL) radical scavenging activities. The MIC of SOR-AgNPs was lower in gram-positive bacteria. The SOR-AgNPs have displayed efficient inhibitory activity against α-amylase, with an EC50 of 58.38μg/mL. Analysis of capping protein around the SOR-AgNPs showed a molecular weight of 30kDa. Discussion: These SOR-AgNPs could be used as antibacterial and antidiabetic drugs in the future as it is cheap, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. Bio-fabricated AgNPs had a significant impact on bacterial strains and could be used as a starting point for future antibacterial drug development.

Tea Plant Leaves for Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles

AbstractSynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using tea plant leaves is a well‐recognized and non‐toxic method. During the last few decades, synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extract is useful not only because of its reduced environmental but also because it can be used to produce large quantities of nanoparticles. Plant extracts may act both as reducing agents and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles, this has motivated the researchers to synthesis the nanoparticles using this route that allows better control of shape and size for various applications. This paper reviews the methods of synthesizing by using metals (e.g., gold [Au], silver [Ag], Iron [Fe], Cadmium [Cd], Palladium [Pd], copper [Cu]), nanoparticles from tea plant leaves extracts as well as their characteristics and some applications. The aim of this review is to report the effect of tea extraction for synthesis metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and compare the nanoscale properties and its applications.

Evaluation of Nanomedicine Applications of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Water Extract of Fresh Turmeric

Recently, there has been a lot of research into the green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly from plants. To date, however, there has been no published study detailing the synthesis of Ag and ZnO nanoparticles using fresh turmeric extract. In this experiment, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised with an environmentally friendly capping and reducing agent made from fresh turmeric extracts. The synthesised Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were verified using UV–vis, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, HR-SEM, and HR-TEM. The SEM and XRD showed that the synthesised nanoparticles had a size range of 10–30 nm, a highly crystalline form, and a well-almost spherical shape. Medical applications for the synthesised Ag and ZnO nanoparticles include their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. Scavenging activities varied from 20% to 70% for turmeric, 0% to 20% for ZnO, and 40% to 60% for silver. ZnO was found to be more cytotoxic than Ag against THP-I at the tested concentrations. Overall, the biologically synthesised silver and zinc oxide presented in this study offers a safe alternative to synthetic substances and shows promise as a candidate for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity in nanomedicine.