Eco-friendly Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Trigonella foenum-graecum: formulations, characterizations, and application in wound healing

Background Due to the toxicity and serious side effects of chemical incorporated in topical dosage form used for treatment of wound healing, there is a need to use natural preparation as wound healing preparation. Aims Seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) are used to synthesize eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (SNPs) in an appropriate way to heal wounds. Methods To synthesize SNPs, TFG was incubated with AgNO3 to produce SNP-TFG. The obtained SNP-TFG was characterized for their wavelength, size and ζ-potential, surface morphology, and yield production. Then, SNP-TFG was formulated as a topical cream (O/W), characterized, and applied to the rats’ groups to examine its wound-healing activity. Finally, a skin biopsy was performed to assess all rats’ immunostaining and histopathological (HP) alterations in skin lesions on days 3, 7, 10, and 14. Results The prepared SNP-TFG showed non-aggregated nano-formulation, with a λmax of 396 nm. SNP-TFG recorded a size of 43.65 ± 2.1 nm, a charge of −15.03 ± 3.2 mV, and showed yield of 52.61 ± 1.41% while the release was continued for more than 12 h. During the biosynthesis process, the compounds present in TFG are capable of reducing silver ions (Ag+) to form SNPs. SNP-TFG cream showed a pH nearly equal to the skin’s pH, with suitable viscosity and homogeneity and an apparent permeability of 0.009 ± 0.001. Further, the HP of the SNP-TFG showed a substantial reduction in wound mass, wound granulation tissue growth enhancement, and epidermal re-epithelialization (proliferation) compared to the control group. Conclusion The obtained SNP-TFG is considered a novel skin wound-healing natural and eco-friendly nano-formulation.

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Corymbia ptychocarpa Extracts: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts offers a promising, eco-friendly approach to address this challenge. This study investigates the synthesis of AgNPs using leaf and stem extracts of Corymbia ptychocarpa and evaluates their antibacterial potential. The green synthesis method produced spherical AgNPs ranging from 15-40 nm, confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity of these AgNPs was assessed against six pathogenic bacterial strains using the well diffusion method. Results demonstrated significant dose-dependent antibacterial effects, with stem-mediated AgNPs exhibiting superior efficacy compared to leaf-mediated AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs showed particularly strong activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus vulgaris, approaching the efficacy of conventional antibiotics in some cases. This research highlights the potential of C. ptychocarpa-derived AgNPs as effective antimicrobial agents, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional antibiotics and paving the way for further exploration of plant-based nanomaterials in combating bacterial infections.

Screening the silver nanoparticle synthesis potential of endophytic fungi with special reference to their antibacterial activity

Nanobiotechnology is the innovative field of science which involves biological synthesis, characterization and application of numerous nanoparticles. The present study was planned to explore potential of endophytic fungi for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activity. In this study 8 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from different parts of medicinal plants. These isolates were identified belonging to different genera namely, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria etc. All endophytic fungi were subjected to extra cellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Out of these Penicillium sp.,Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., isolated from healthy plant parts of Aegle marmelos, Dalbergia sissoo and Lantana camara respectively, gave positive results. The antibacterial activities of these nanoparticles were determined against some pathogenic bacteria by Agar Well Diffusion assay. During which it was found that the silver nanoparticles sample exhibiting highest antibacterial potential was characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy. UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis gave surface plasmone resonance peak alternatively 416nm, 444nm and420nm.The average size range of silver nanoparticles as determined via, dynamic light scattering analysis is: 126nm, 88nm, 141nm. The Zeta potential of three samples as determined by zeta sizer showed a high negative surface charge on them which confers stability to them. The zeta potentials of these particles are: -19.1 mV, -22.0 mV, -16.2 mV. Silver nanoparticles produced by endophytic fungi displays considerable antibacterial agent and hence the study would prove to provide novel antibacterial agents.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Cassava starch: structural analysis and biocidal applications against aedes aegypti and pathogenic bacteria

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Cassava starch: structural analysis and biocidal applications against aedes aegypti and pathogenic bacteria

Green fused nanoparticles from seaweed as a sustainable resource: Study on antimicrobial activities against human pathogens and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye

The simple, fast, efficient route and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using the marine-algae Padina pavonica (PP) extracts. The heat bio-reduction process involves using PP extract mediated to synthesize silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). The PP extract provides an eco-friendly, low-cost, and safer alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods. The GC–MS results detect GLYCERYL TRIDODECANOATE, DODECANOIC ACID, and 1,2,3-PROPANETR dominantly examined majorly play a role in synthesizing the Ag-NPs. The synthesized PP-mediated NPs were denoted as PPAg-NPs and characterized the structural and morphological properties by UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDS, DLS, and FT-IR. The 16S rDNA technique confirmed 6 (n = 6) human pathogens (HPs) strains were used for the antimicrobial study. Green synthesized PPAg-NPs showed a maximum and minimum inhibition growth zone of 16 mm in Escherichia coli, and 10 mm in Bacillus subtilis. The study result suggested the PPAg-NPs act with high efficiency and display greater sensitivity for antibacterial material depending on the concentrations. The synthesized green PPAg-NPs investigated the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The highest 90 % efficiency was achieved under UV-light treatment within 105 min. The study’s outcome indicates that PPAg-NPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial efficacy toward HPs and MB decolorization that contributes to water cleansing, healthcare, and biomedical industries.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Enhancing optimization reaction, characterization, and antimicrobial properties with Lantana camara from geothermal area

Green synthesis methods for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in medical applications. Despite the known potential of Lantana camara in AgNP synthesis, there is a lack of studies investigating its application when grown in extreme geothermal environments, which may influence the properties and efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles. This research aimed to fabricate AgNPs utilizing aqueous extract from L. camara, a plant growing in an extreme geothermal manifestation area. Another aim of this study is to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of the plant's leaves were also conducted. Reaction optimization was performed using response surface methodology (RSM), employing a central composite design (CCD) approach. The characterization of AgNPs involved UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and PSA. The antimicrobial testing was conducted against Gram-positive bacterium (S. aureus), Gram-negative bacterium (E. coli), and the fungus (C. albicans). The phytochemicals analysis revealed that the L. camara leaf extract contains flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and steroids, lacking alkaloids and terpenoids, with total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 11.94 mg (GAE/g) and 6.70 mg (QE/g), respectively. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at a wavelength of 417 nm, and the smallest particle size measured was 44 nm. Based on FTIR analysis, AgNPs have functional groups such as OH, NH, CC, and CH that were identified as groups involved in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 during the green synthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs demonstrated the lowest antifungal activity against C. albicans. In summary, the aqueous leaf extract of L. camara from geothermal manifestation areas can serve as a bioreductant for AgNPs, exhibiting higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative ones.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Phyllanthus niruri leaf extract: Assessment of antimicrobial activity, effectiveness on tropical neglected mosquito vector control, and biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line model

Abstract Mosquitoes are rapidly advancing as vectors of several severe diseases. The increasing resistance of mosquitoes and the environmental harm caused by insecticides pose significant challenges for eradicating mosquito vectors. In this study, 18 plant extracts were tested for larvicidal properties against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles stephensi larvae. Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) showed enhanced larvicidal activity in both laboratory and field trials. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pn leaf methanol extract (Pn-LME) was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Among various concentrations, 3 mM AgNPs exhibited significant LC90 values of 0.83, 1.46, and 9.11 ppm compared to 9.25, 93.48, and 14.60 ppm of Pn-LME against A. stephensi, C. quinquefasciatus, and A. aegypti, respectively. This indicates the high mortality of mosquito vectors at low AgNP concentrations. Additionally, Pn-AgNPs showed enhanced antibacterial activity and no cytotoxicity in normal fibroblast cells (L929). Field trials demonstrated a 98.70% decrease in mosquito larval density at A. stephensi breeding sites, a 96.55% reduction at C. quinquefasciatus sites, and a 97.85% reduction at Ae. aegypti sites. This study presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective AgNP bio-pesticide synthesized from Pn leaves for controlling and preventing the transmission of filarial, dengue, and malaria vectors.

Utilizing Ziziphus spina-christi for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Antimicrobial activity and promising application in wound healing

Abstract Wound healing is a critical process essential for the body’s recovery from injuries, often complicated by bacterial infections. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained attention due to their antibacterial and tissue-regenerative properties. However, conventional chemical synthesis methods for AgNPs pose environmental risks. This study utilizes Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC) extract for the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs, evaluating their antibacterial and wound-healing capabilities. The AgNPs-ZSC showed an absorption maximum at λ max of 460 nm, a particle size of 111.2 ± 1.09 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.38 ± 0.006, and a zeta potential of −27.0 ± 0.231 mV. The synthesized AgNPs-ZSC were spherical, non-aggregated, and exhibited potent antibacterial activity superior to chloramphenicol. Furthermore, the AgNPs-ZSC cream significantly promoted wound closure, epithelial tissue proliferation, and granulation tissue formation in rats, showing no signs of toxicity or adverse reactions. In conclusion, AgNPs-ZSC cream demonstrates excellent antibacterial and wound-healing properties, presenting a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods for AgNP synthesis.

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Klebsormidium subtile and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antibiofilm Activities

In this study, both dry and fresh biomass extracts of Klebsormidium subtile were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The UV-visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 430 nm, indicating the presence of AgNPs through surface plasmon resonance. FT-IR analysis identified bioactive functional groups, such as amines, which acted as stabilizing agents for the nanoparticles. SEM imaging revealed well-dispersed, spherical AgNPs ranging from 5 to 25 nm and 40 to 60 nm in size, accumulating on cell surfaces. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of elemental silver. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs derived from both fresh and dry K. subtile extracts was similar, though AgNPs from the dry extract were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 15.8, 16.2, and 15.2 mm at 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM concentrations, respectively. AgNPs also showed strong activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, but were less effective against Bacillus cereus and Aeromonas hydrophila. These findings suggest that K. subtile-derived AgNPs have significant antimicrobial potential, particularly against S. aureus and C. albicans, and may be useful in biomedical applications, particularly for treating biofilm-related infections.

Eco-conscious Silver nanoparticles through “flower extract” of Murraya paniculata (L) Jack for reduction of 4-nitro phenol

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has gained recognition. We report, the eco-friendly synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using the aqueous flower extract of Murraya paniculata (L) Jack (MP Silver NPs). Characterisation of the NPs was carried out using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The findings confirmed the presence of Silver NPs via UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR and XRD. SEM and TEM images indicated spherical structured MP Silver NPs, with an average size of 27.8 nm. Elemental analysis using XPS confirmed the presence of Ag in NPs. Biosynthesised silver NPs were explored for catalytical activity. The current work produces Silver NPs using a new green source with a wide range of applications.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from peel and juice C. limon and their antiviral efficacy against HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2

The growing threat of viral infections requires innovative therapeutic approaches to safeguard human health. Nanomaterials emerge as a promising solution to overcome the limitations associated with conventional therapies. The eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently represents a method that guarantees antimicrobial efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. This study explores the use of AgNPs derived from the peel (Lp-AgNPs) and juice (Lj-AgNPs) Citrus limon “Ovale di Sorrento”, cultivars of the Campania region. The antiviral potential was tested against viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae. AgNPs were synthesized by reduction method using silver nitrate solution mixed with aqueous extract of C. limon peel and juice. The formation of Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs was assessed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The size, ζ-potential, concentration, and morphology of AgNPs were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in a concentration range between 500 and 7.8 µg/mL on VERO-76 and HaCaT cells, with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium test bromide (MTT). Antiviral activity consisted of virus pre-treatment, co-treatment, cellular pre-treatment, and post-infection tests versus HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infections (MOI) of 0.01. Plaque reduction assays and real-time PCR provided data on the antiviral potential of tested compounds. Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs exhibited spherical morphology with respective diameters of 60 and 92 nm with concentrations of 4.22 and 4.84 × 1010 particles/mL, respectively. The MTT data demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity, with 50 % cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) of Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs against VERO cells of 754.6 and 486.7 µg/mL. Similarly, CC50 values against HaCaT were 457.3 µg/mL for Lp-AgNPs and 339.6 µg/mL for Lj-AgNPs, respectively. In the virus pre-treatment assay, 90 % inhibitory concentrations of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 were 8.54–135.04 µg/mL for Lp-AgNPs and 6.13–186.77 µg/mL for Lj-AgNPs, respectively. The molecular investigation confirmed the antiviral data, recording a reduction in the UL54 and UL27 genes for HSV-1 and in the Spike (S) gene for SARS-CoV-2, following AgNP exposure. The results of this study suggest that Lp-AgNPs and Lj-AgNPs derived from C. Limon could offer a valid ecological, natural, local and safe strategy against viral infections.

Harnessing Desmochloris edaphica Strain CCAP 6006/5 for the Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Insights into the Anticancer and Antibacterial Efficacy.

Microalgae-mediated nanoparticle (NP) biosynthesis is a promising green synthesis method that overcomes the challenges of conventional synthesis methods. The novel Desmochloris edaphica strain CCAP 6006/5 was isolated, purified, and characterized morphologically and genetically. GC-MS analysis of the algal biomass (DBio) phytochemicals showed the abundance for elaidic acid (18.36%) and monoolein (17.37%). UV-VIS spectroscopy helped analyze the effects of the AgNO3 concentration, algal/silver nitrate ratio, temperature, reaction time, illumination, and pH on AgNP synthesis. DBio extract or cell-free medium (DSup) of D. edaphica successfully biosynthesized small silver NPs (AgNPs), namely, DBio@AgNPs and DSup@AgNPs, under optimum reaction conditions. TEM and SEM showed a quasi-spherical shape, with average diameters of 15.0 ± 1.0 nm and 12.0 ± 0.8 nm, respectively. EDx and mapping analyses revealed that silver was the main element, the NP hydrodynamic diameters were 77.9 and 62.7 nm, and the potential charges were -24.4 and -25.8 mV, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the DBio@AgNPs, and DSup@AgNPs were coated with algal functional groups, probably derived from algal proteins, fatty acids, or polysaccharides, representing reductant and stabilizer molecules from the synthesis process. They showed significant anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), low toxicity against normal kidney cells (Vero), and potent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Shigella flexneri. D. edaphica is a novel biomachine for synthesizing small, stable and potent therapeutic AgNPs.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application for colorimetric detection of L-cysteine: a spectroscopic investigation

In this study, we report an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using banana peel extract (BPE), along with their use for colorimetric detection of L-cysteine and investigation of the mechanisms involved in these processes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of silver particles at the nanoscale (∼20 nm). TEM images also showed the presence of BPE-derived organic material enveloping the nanoparticles. The nature and role of this capping material were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). Visual inspection and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that the insertion of L-cysteine into the AgNPs solutions induced discernible color changes. pH variations in the solutions and FTIR spectroscopy were also employed to study the molecular dynamics underlying the formation of AgNPs, the capping material and the detection of L-cysteine. Studies concerning different amino acids in AgNPs solutions confirmed the selectivity for L-cysteine. The overall spectroscopic results, particularly those from FTIR spectroscopy, shed light on the crucial role of carboxylate ions (COO–) of BPE in the formation of AgNPs and their interaction with L-cysteine. Finally, the importance of the thiol group of L-cysteine in the colorimetric detection process was also reinforced by this study.

Pseudomonas otitidis-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential.

This study explores the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using soil bacteria, Pseudomonas otitidis. The bio-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a distinct broad absorption band in the range of 443 nm, indicating the reduction of silver nitrate to AgNPs. XRD analysis provided evidence of the crystalline nature of the particles, with sharp peaks confirming their crystallinity and an average size of 82.76 nm. FTIR spectroscopy identified extracellular protein compounds as capping agents. SEM examination revealed spherical agglomeration of the crystalline AgNPs. The antimicrobial assay by a disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration testing revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs showed moderate antibacterial activity against both pathogenic Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans) bacterial strains. Furthermore, the AgNPs significantly disrupted the biofilm of P. aeruginosa, as confirmed by crystal violet assay and fluorescent microscopy. Overall, this study underscores the potential of microbial-synthesized nanoparticles in biomedical applications, particularly in combating pathogenic bacteria, offering a promising avenue for future research and development.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unraveling their influence on callus proliferation, secondary metabolite production, and antioxidant activities in Ruta chalepensis L.

Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unraveling their influence on callus proliferation, secondary metabolite production, and antioxidant activities in Ruta chalepensis L.

Phyto-Fabrication of Moringa Oleifera Peel-Sourced Silver Nanoparticles: A Promising Approach for Combating Hepatic Cancer by Targeting Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mitigating Cytokine Storms.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from precancerous nodules, leading to liver damage and inflammation, which triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of these cytokines can escalate into a cytokine storm, causing severe organ damage. Interestingly, Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) fruit peel, previously discarded as waste, contains an abundance of essential biomolecules and high nutritional value. This study focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles infused with M. oleifera peel extract biomolecules and their impact on regulating proinflammatory cytokines, as well as their potential anticancer effects against Wistar rats. The freshly synthesized nanoformulation underwent comprehensive characterization, followed by antihepatic cancer evaluation using a diethyl nitrosamine-induced model (at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 BW). The study demonstrates a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). Furthermore, it confirms that the newly biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit additional potential against hepatic cancer due to their capped biomolecules.

Gum karaya polymer-based biodegradable silver nanocomposite hydrogel through green approach for photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial activity

The rise in industrialization and population growth has elevated water pollution to a critical environmental concern. This study introduces a novel polymer-mediated silver nanocomposite hydrogel for antibacterial activity and photocatalytic dye degradation for environmental remediation. In this study, silver nanocomposite hydrogels were developed using Karaya gum (KG), acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide (NI), and 2-Bismethacryloyloxy ethyl phosphate (BMEP) as a crosslinker through a radical polymerization process. These hydrogels were utilized as templates for the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles by employing an aqueous Canthium leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Various analytical methods, including FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, FESEM, EDX, XRD, AFM, and HRTEM, are characterized by the green synthesized KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel. Evaluation of the KG-NIB-Ag hydrogel involved examining its chemical composition, morphology, size, crystallinity, surface properties, bandgap, and chemical purity. TEM analysis validated an average crystallite size 33.2 nm. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the green-synthesized KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel was utilized to examine the degradation of Congo red dye under visible light irradiation. The findings of this study demonstrate that the degradation efficiency of CR reached approximately 73.25 % within 90 min, with a corresponding kinetic rate constant of 0.032 min−1. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of the Ag nanocomposite hydrogel was evaluated against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The disc diffusion method was employed to assess its antibacterial activity, and the diameter of the inhibition zones was measured. This study introduces an innovative and influential strategy for environmental remediation, emphasizing the potential of KG-NIB-Ag nanocomposite hydrogel in tackling ecological challenges associated with wastewater treatment across various industries.

Green synthesis approach: Utilizing chrysanthemum extract as reducing and stabilizing agent for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties study

This research explores the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Chrysanthemum extract, emphasizing its application in antimicrobial treatments. The study primarily focused on assessing the effect of extract concentration on nanoparticle characteristics. The synthesized AgNPs, at higher Chrysanthemum extract concentrations (up to 15%), exhibited a notable decrease in size, from 48.5 nm at 2% to 22.1 nm, and an increase in yield, achieving 2.24 mg/mL. The AgNPs showed a significant antibacterial effect, with the lowest IC50 value of 2.08 µg/mL against Vibrio cholerae, demonstrating a broad-spectrum efficacy. Advanced characterization techniques like SEM and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the morphological integrity and phytochemical capping of the nanoparticles. The study successfully highlights the potential of Chrysanthemum extract not only as a sustainable source for nanoparticle synthesis but also in enhancing the biocompatibility and efficacy of AgNPs, paving the way for their application in medical and environmental fields.

Biosynthesis and assessment of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles utilizing Cassia occidentalis L. seed

This research explores the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Cassia occidentalis L. seed extract. Various analytical techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), were employed for comprehensive characterization. The UV–visible spectra revealed a distinct peak at 425 nm, while the seed extract exhibited peaks at 220 and 248 nm, indicating the presence of polyphenols and phytochemicals. High-resolution TEM unveiled spherical and oval-shaped AgNPs with diameters ranging from 6.44 to 28.50 nm. The SEM exhibiting a spherical shape and a polydisperse nature, thus providing insights into the morphology of the AgNPs. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of silver atoms at 10.01% in the sample. XRD results unequivocally confirm the crystalline nature of the AgNPs suspension, thereby providing valuable insights into their structural characteristics and purity. The antioxidant properties of AgNPs, C. occidentalis seed extract, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were assessed, revealing IC50 values of 345, 500, and 434 μg/mL, respectively. Antibacterial evaluation against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli demonstrated heightened sensitivity of bacteria to AgNPs compared to AgNO3. Standard antibiotics, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, acting as positive controls, exhibited substantial antibacterial efficacy. The green-synthesized AgNPs displayed potent antibacterial activity, suggesting their potential as a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics for combating pathogenic bacterial infections. Furthermore, potential biomedical applications of AgNPs were thoroughly discussed.

Facile and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Semecarpus anacardium and their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity

Plant extracts are utilized to synthesize nanoparticles containing bioactive compounds that can effectively decrease metal toxicity. In present study, the aqueous extracts of Semecarpus anacardium leaves and stems were used to reduce silver nitrate and synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have potent antibacterial and anticancer effects. The physico-chemical methods such as XRD, UV-Vis, Fourier transform IR and SEM were used to characterize the biogenci silver nanoparticles. These methods validated the synthesis of AgNPs with smaller size and homogeneously sphere-shaped AgNPs (10-50 nm) after incubation with S. anacardium leaf and stem extract. Stem extract derived AgNPs showed the significant cancer fighting abilities in the human breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells compared to that of derived AgNPs. Stem extract derived AgNPs exhibits the significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis with respect to the gentamycin. Additionally, the study demonstrated that green synthetic AgNPs may be investigated for use as a treatment against bacterial infections.