Synthesis Of Different Classes Research Articles

Highly scalable and robust ribbon-like coordination polymer as green catalyst for Hantzsch condensation in synthesis of DHPs and bioactive drug molecule

Ribbon-like coordination polymers (CP) represents a highly unexplored innovative class of metal-coordination network. Herein, we have developed a highly scalable and chemically robust (pH = 3–10 stable) ribbon-like CP [{Cu(Pim)(L)(H2O)·H2O}]n(1) following a complete environment-friendly green synthesis route. Considering the presence of surface flanked labile coordinated water molecules and their appealing correlation with one-dimensional structural characteristics, such sort of ribbon-like CP was explored for the first time as excellent heterogeneous surface catalyst for largely unexplored three-component Hantzsch condensation for synthesis of different classes of dihydropyridine (DHP). Moreover, 1 is employed to synthesize bio-responsive drug ‘Ethidine’ (possessing high anti-oxidant and anticarcinogenic properties) characterized with Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Several DHP-based products are also analysed through in-depth SCXRD analysis. This report inaugurates the usage of a Cu(II) based ribbon-like CPs as heterogeneous surface catalyst following environmentally benign manner for synthesis of bioactive DHPs and Drugs.

Research Progress in Structure Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Small-Molecule Silicone Surfactants.

Silicone surfactants have garnered significant research attention owing to their superior properties, such as wettability, ductility, and permeability. Small-molecular silicone surfactants with simple molecular structures outperform polymeric silicone surfactants in terms of surface activity, emulsification, wetting, foaming, and other areas. Moreover, silicone surfactants with small molecules exhibit a diverse and rich molecular structure. This review discusses various synthetic routes for the synthesis of different classes of surfactants, including single-chain, "umbrella" structure, double chain, bolaform, Gemini, and stimulus-responsive surfactants. The fundamental surface/interface properties of the synthesized surfactants are also highlighted. Additionally, these surfactants have demonstrated enormous potential in agricultural synergism, drug delivery, mineral flotation, enhanced oil recovery, separation, and extraction, and foam fire-fighting.

Exploiting Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery: Advancing the Anti-Cancer Effects of Autophagy-Modulating Compounds in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Cancer continues to be a prominent issue in the field of medicine, as demonstrated by recent studies emphasizing the significant role of autophagy in the development of cancer. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a variety of anti-tumor agents capable of regulating autophagy. However, the clinical application of autophagy-modulating compounds derived from TCM is impeded by their restricted water solubility and bioavailability. To overcome this challenge, the utilization of nanotechnology has been suggested as a potential solution. Nonetheless, the current body of literature on nanoparticles delivering TCM-derived autophagy-modulating anti-tumor compounds for cancer treatment is limited, lacking comprehensive summaries and detailed descriptions. Up to November 2023, a comprehensive research study was conducted to gather relevant data using a variety of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords utilized in this investigation included "autophagy", "nanoparticles", "traditional Chinese medicine" and "anticancer". This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of nanotechnology in overcoming delivery challenges and enhancing the anti-cancer properties of autophagy-modulating compounds in TCM. The evaluation is based on a synthesis of different classes of autophagy-modulating compounds in TCM, their mechanisms of action in cancer treatment, and their potential benefits as reported in various scholarly sources. The findings indicate that nanotechnology shows potential in enhancing the availability of autophagy-modulating agents in TCM, thereby opening up a plethora of potential therapeutic avenues. Nanotechnology has the potential to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of autophagy-modulating compounds in traditional TCM, through regulation of autophagy.

From Cancer to COVID-19: A Perspective on Targeting Heparan Sulfate-Protein Interactions.

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a complex, polyanionic polysaccharide ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. HS interacts with numerous proteins to mediate a vast array of biological and pathological processes. Inhibition of HS‐protein interactions is thus an attractive approach for new therapeutic development for cancer and infectious diseases, including COVID‐19; however, synthesis of well‐defined native HS oligosaccharides remains challenging. This has aroused significant interest in the development of HS mimetics which are more synthetically tractable and have fewer side effects, such as undesired anticoagulant activity. This account provides a perspective on the design and synthesis of different classes of HS mimetics with useful properties, and the development of various assays and molecular modelling tools to progress our understanding of their interactions with HS‐binding proteins.

Palladium-Catalyzed Benzodiazepines Synthesis

This review is focused on palladium-catalyzed reactions as efficient strategies aimed at the synthesis of different classes of benzodiazepines. Several reaction typologies are reported including hydroamination, amination, C–H arylation, N-arylation, and the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction, depending on the different substrates identified as halogenated starting materials (activated substrates) or unactivated unsaturated systems, which then exploit Pd(0)- or Pd(II)-catalytic species. In particular, the use of the domino reactions, as intra- or intermolecular processes, are reported as an efficient and eco-compatible tool to obtain differently functionalized benzodiazepines. Different domino reaction typologies are the carboamination, aminoarylation, aminoacethoxylation, aminohalogenation, and aminoazidation.

Life and creative development of academician M. M. Pavlyuchenko

The article is devoted to the 110 anniversary of the birth of the Belarusian scientist, the founder of the section of chemical science – Chemistry of solids, the organizer and the first director of Institute of the General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Pavlyuchenko. In the article, the career devoted to search of the implication and chemical mechanism of the processes proceeding with participation of solids is described. Identification of the defining stages (limiting stages) and regularities of thermal dissociation reactions and synthesis of different classes and various structure of substances, as well as the definition of ways to operate these processes are described in this paper. His pedagogical and practical activities were purposeful, he looked for and found the young people interested in scientific research, excited them with his ideas, prepared 40 candidates and 3 Doctors of Chemistry. Together with the academician N. F. Ermolenko and the engineering structure of the institute, he prepared, proved the ways and possibilities of use and enrichment of sylvinites of the Starobinsky field, and repeatedly reported for the government and wide audience on importance of chemical industry development in Belarus. His course of life is a service to science and the Homeland.

Valorisation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Phenolics in the Synthesis of UV Absorbers

With current concerns over the use of fossil resources for chemical synthesis of functional molecules and the effect of current UV absorbers in sunscreens have on the ecosystem, we describe a xylochemical synthesis of different classes of aromatic UV absorbers utilizing cashew nut shell liquid as a non‐edible bio‐renewable carbon source. Hydroxybenzophenones, xanthones, triazines, and flavones were synthesized starting from cardanol or anacardic acid. Several compounds exhibited favorable UVA and UVB absorption characteristics.

Synthesis of Different Classes of Polyheterocyclic Cyanine Dyes: a Review

Synthesis of Different Classes of Polyheterocyclic Cyanine Dyes: a Review

Investigating Radical Reactivity and Structure–Property Relationships through Photopolymerization

The ACS Guidelines for bachelor’s degrees in chemistry call for the curriculum to include polymer chemistry principles and the synthesis of different classes of macromolecules. Organic chemistry can provide an important introduction to polymer chemistry principles, and photochemically induced radical polymerization is one method for generating polymers that is well suited to be explored in this course. The development and implementation of an experiment for undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory in which students explore both photochemistry and radical chemistry by synthesizing cross-linked polymers via photopolymerization is reported. An inquiry design is used to introduce polymerization reactions, and students learn about air-sensitive lab techniques. Students must pool their data to explain how molecular structure affects the physical properties of a macroscopic material.

Ultrasonic irradiation used in synthesis of aminophosphonates

Ultrasound technique represents a green method for the synthesis of different class of compounds. In this review, the progress in the synthesis of aminophosphonates, an important class of phosphorus derivatives having biological applications, under sonication, with or without catalysts or solvents, is presented. Aminophosphonates were obtained in very good yield from amines, aldehydes (ketones), and dialkyl or trialkyl phosphites under ultrasound. Ultrasound had a notable effect on the reaction conditions, the purity and yield of obtained compounds. Aminophosphonates which cannot be obtained by traditional methods were obtained when ultrasound is used.

Molecular farming of antimicrobial peptides: available platforms and strategies for improving protein biosynthesis using modified virus vectors.

The constant demand for new antibiotic drugs has driven efforts by the scientific community to prospect for peptides with a broad spectrum of action. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have acquired great scientific importance in recent years due to their ability to possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. In the last two decades, plants have attracted the interest of the scientific community and industry as regards their potential as biofactories of heterologous proteins. One of the most promising approaches is the use of viral vectors to maximize the transient expression of drugs in the leaves of the plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Recently, the MagnifectionTM expression system was launched. This sophisticated commercial platform allows the assembly of the viral particle in leaf cells and the systemic spread of heterologous protein biosynthesis in green tissues caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens "gene delivery method". The system also presents increased gene expression levels mediated by potent viral expression machinery. These characteristics allow the mass recovery of heterologous proteins in the leaves of N. benthamiana in 8 to 10 days. This system was highly efficient for the synthesis of different classes of pharmacological proteins and contains enormous potential for the rapid and abundant biosynthesis of AMPs.

The Influence of Glycosylation of Natural and Synthetic Prenylated Flavonoids on Binding to Human Serum Albumin and Inhibition of Cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2.

The synthesis of different classes of prenylated aglycones (α,β-dihydroxanthohumol (2) and (Z)-6,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-7-prenylaurone (3)) was performed in one step reactions from xanthohumol (1)—major prenylated chalcone naturally occurring in hops. Obtained flavonoids (2–3) and xanthohumol (1) were used as substrates for regioselective fungal glycosylation catalyzed by two Absidia species and Beauveria bassiana. As a result six glycosides (4–9) were formed, of which four glycosides (6–9) have not been published so far. The influence of flavonoid skeleton and the presence of glucopyranose and 4-O-methylglucopyranose moiety in flavonoid molecule on binding to main protein in plasma, human serum albumin (HSA), and inhibition of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 were investigated. Results showed that chalcone (1) had the highest binding affinity to HSA (8.624 × 104 M−1) of all tested compounds. It has also exhibited the highest inhibition of cyclooxygenases activity, and it was a two-fold stronger inhibitor than α,β-dihydrochalcone (2) and aurone (3). The presence of sugar moiety in flavonoid molecule caused the loss of HSA binding activity as well as the decrease in inhibition of cyclooxygenases activity.

Influence of Light, Temperature, and Macronutrients on Growth and Scopolamine Biosynthesis in Duboisia species.

Scopolamine is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor in the organic synthesis of different classes of important active substances and is extracted in large scale from field grown Duboisia plants. Previous research revealed that plant growth as well as production of scopolamine and its derivatives varies strongly depending on abiotic factors. However, only a small amount of systematic research has been done on the influence of environmental conditions on scopolamine and biomass production, so far. In order to extend knowledge in this field, plants of three different genotypes (wild type Duboisia myoporoides and hybrids of D. myoporoides and Duboisia leichhardtii) were grown in climate chambers under controlled conditions in order to systematically analyse the influence of temperature (20, 24, 28 °C), light (50-300 µmol/m2 × s, 12, 18, 24 h per day) and macronutrients (nitrogen, calcium, potassium) on growth and scopolamine biosynthesis. The data indicate that light intensity and daily exposure to light have a major impact on scopolamine production and plant development, whereas temperature only shows a minor influence. Nitrogen (N) positively affects biomass production with increasing levels up to 4 mM, but is negatively correlated with scopolamine content. Calcium (Ca) shows a negative influence on scopolamine biosynthesis at increased levels above 1 mM as well. Potassium (K) neither affects biomass nor scopolamine production within the tested concentration range (0.05-4 mM). All in all, it can be concluded that light intensity and nitrogen supply are especially important regulating variables that can be applied in a targeted manner for influencing scopolamine and biomass production.

ChemInform Abstract: Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Benzimidazole‐Based Biheterocyclic Molecules by Combinatorial Approach: A Critical Review

AbstractReview: [63 refs.

Synthesis of Different Classes of Six-Membered Gold(I) NHC Complexes by the Isonitrile Route

Different types of six-membered N-heterocyclic gold carbene complexes were prepared by using gold(I) isonitrile complexes as precursors in combination with suitably functionalized amines. The simple procedures provide an easy access to not only unsymmetrically substituted saturated carbene complexes but rarely reported types of carbene complexes such as six-membered N-heterocyclic oxo-carbene complexes, and six-membered partly unsaturated ligands can be obtained following the strategy.

ChemInform Abstract: Simple Method for the Synthesis of Aryl(furfuryl)glyoxals.

Furan derivatives containing reactive functional groups are useful structural units for the synthesis of different classes of chemical compounds [1-6]. Even such simple furans as phenacylfurans [7] containing one carbonyl group can be used in the preparation of cyclopentenones [8] which are the basic structural fragments in prostaglandins. In this connection, the development of methods for the synthesis of novel, functionalized furan compounds is a current problem. To our surprise aryl(furfuryl)glyoxals (which might be expected to have interesting reactivity) have proved to be unknown compounds. In this work we report the synthesis of these aryl(furfuryl)glyoxals. A Knoevenagel condensation of the readily available phenacylazides 1a-d [9, 10] with the furfurals 2a,b gives the azidochalcones 3a-e [11]. Subsequent treatment with triethyl phosphite and hydrochloric acid gives the target compounds 4a-e.

Arginine Based Novel Cationic Surfactants: A Review

Conventional surfactants are chemical species derived from various feed stocks and are consumed in large quantities for wide spread household as well as industrial applications. As most of the conventional surfactants have many limitations such as toxicity to humans and adverse effect on environment, the development of less irritant, less toxic, consumer-friendly surfactants is of immense importance. Arginine based surfactants, therefore, constitute a novel class of surfactants produced from renewable raw materials and can be seen as an alternative to conventional surfactants. Arginine based surfactants have good antimicrobial activity, good biodegradability and less human and aquatic toxicity. This review paper deals with the synthesis of different class of arginine based surfactants. Besides this, different biological and surface active properties of arginine based surfactants have also been described.

Simple Method for the Synthesis of Aryl(Furfuryl)Glyoxals

Furan derivatives containing reactive functional groups are useful structural units for the synthesis of different classes of chemical compounds [1-6]. Even such simple furans as phenacylfurans [7] containing one carbonyl group can be used in the preparation of cyclopentenones [8] which are the basic structural fragments in prostaglandins. In this connection, the development of methods for the synthesis of novel, functionalized furan compounds is a current problem. To our surprise aryl(furfuryl)glyoxals (which might be expected to have interesting reactivity) have proved to be unknown compounds. In this work we report the synthesis of these aryl(furfuryl)glyoxals. A Knoevenagel condensation of the readily available phenacylazides 1a-d [9, 10] with the furfurals 2a,b gives the azidochalcones 3a-e [11]. Subsequent treatment with triethyl phosphite and hydrochloric acid gives the target compounds 4a-e.

Chiral-Auxiliary-Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis of Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes

An octahedral metal complex with 6 different monodentate ligands can form 15 diastereomers as pairs of enantiomers. As a result, the elaborate stereochemistry of octahedral coordination geometries provides tremendous opportunities in the fields of catalysis, the materials sciences, and the life sciences. The demand for enantiomerically pure coordination complexes for tasks related to the selective molecular recognition of biomacromolecules led us to develop synthetic methods to control the absolute stereochemistry at octahedral metal centers. A few years ago our laboratory therefore embarked on a project exploring new and general synthetic strategies for the asymmetric synthesis of inert octahedral transition metal complexes. We initially used the example of thermally inert ruthenium polypyridyl complexes and developed a family of chiral bidentate ligands, including salicyloxazolines, (mercaptophenyl)oxazolines, sulfinylphenols, N-acetylsulfinamides, a phosphinohydroxybinaphthyl, and even the amino acid proline to serve as chiral auxiliaries for asymmetric coordination chemistry. All these chiral auxiliaries strongly coordinate to ruthenium(II) in a bidentate, deprotonated fashion, allowing them to control the absolute metal-centered configuration in the course of subsequent ligand exchange reactions. Finally, we can remove them from the metal without any loss of chiral information and without leaving a chemical trace. A key feature of these chiral auxiliary ligands is their switchable binding strength. A chelate effect ensures that the chiral ligands coordinate very tightly to the metal center, placing their carbon-based, sulfur-based, or axial chirality in a well-defined position close to the metal center to efficiently establish the absolute metal-centered configuration. At the same time a coordinating phenolate, carboximidate, carboxylate, or thiophenolate moiety makes the coordination reversible by weakening the binding strength through protonation or methylation. Following this strategy, we synthesized a large number of homoleptic, bis-heteroleptic, and tris-heteroleptic ruthenium polypyridyl complexes in an asymmetric fashion with enantiomeric ratios that routinely reached or exceeded 96:4. Our approach should serve as a blueprint for the asymmetric synthesis of different classes of ruthenium complexes and chiral coordination complexes of other metals.

Enzyme catalysed tandem reactions

To transfer to the laboratory, the excellent efficiency shown by enzymes in Nature, biocatalysis, had to mimic several synthetic strategies used by the living organisms. Biosynthetic pathways are examples of tandem catalysis and may be assimilated in the biocatalysis field for the use of isolated multi-enzyme systems in the homogeneous phase. The concurrent action of several enzymes that work sequentially presents extraordinary advantages from the synthetic point of view, since it permits a reversible process to become irreversible, to shift the equilibrium reaction in such a way that enantiopure compounds can be obtained from prochiral or racemic substrates, reduce or eliminate problems due to product inhibition or prevent the shortage of substrates by dilution or degradation in the bulk media, etc. In this review we want to illustrate the developments of recent studies involving in vitro multi-enzyme reactions for the synthesis of different classes of organic compounds.