Synthesis Of Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biogenic Synthesis Based on Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus globulus Extracts and Its Effectiveness for Removal of Recalcitrant Compounds

Recalcitrant compounds resulting from anthropogenic activity are a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the development of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for effective remediation. This study explores the synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles on cellulose-based paper (Cu2O@CBP) using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extracts, leveraging green synthesis techniques. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis found the average particle size 64.90 ± 16.76 nm, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirm the Cu2O structure in nanoparticles; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggests the reducing role of phenolic compounds; and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) allowed us to determine the band gap (2.73 eV), the energies of the valence band (2.19 eV), and the conduction band (−0.54 eV) of Cu2O@CBP. The synthesized Cu2O catalysts demonstrated efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) used as a model as recalcitrant compounds under LED-driven visible light photocatalysis and heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using the degradation percentage and the first-order apparent degradation rate constant (kapp). The degradation efficiency of MB was pH-dependent, with neutral pH favoring photocatalysis (kapp = 0.00718 min−1) due to enhanced hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide radical (O2·−) production, while acidic pH conditions improved Fenton-like reaction efficiency (kapp = 0.00812 min−1) via ·OH. The reusability of the photocatalysts was also evaluated, showing a decline in performance for Fenton-like reactions at acidic pH about 22.76% after five cycles, while for photocatalysis at neutral pH decline about 11.44% after five cycles. This research provides valuable insights into the catalytic mechanisms and supports the potential of eco-friendly Cu2O nanoparticles for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.

Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity Studies of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves

AbstractThe present study reports the green synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) by an aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and the antifungal activity assessment of CuO NPs against the phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The CuO NPs showed variable fungitoxic effects against A. flavus and A. niger. At higher doses (1 mg/mL), 83.51 % of mycelial inhibition was found against A. flavus, but 43.51 % was found against A. niger. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth was found to be dose dependent. The cell viability analysis was carried out to reveal the mechanism of the fungitoxic effect of synthesized NPs and it was revealed that the CuO NPs caused oxidative stress associated with increased ROS production, leading to fungal cell death. The synthesized CuO NPs showed single phase cupric oxide with a monoclinic structure and highly uniform in size (3–5 nm). As the synthesized CuO NPs showed good stability under open atmospheric conditions and a fungitoxicity effect against A. flavus, they may be used to control fungal diseases in an eco‐friendly manner.

Gram Scale Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles: Dip Coating on Cellulose Filter Paper, Antibacterial Activity and Comparison with Commonly Available Face Masks

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2ONPs) were synthesized on a gram scale via bottom-up approach without making use of any hazardous stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles were coated on qualitative cellulose filter paper via dip coating method. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) and electron microscopy were used to characterize Cu2ONPs and Cu2ONPs coated filter paper (Cu2ONPs-FP). The antibacterial activity of Cu2ONPs-FP was studied against E. coli DH5α and compared with commonly accessible face masks.

CuONPs/MWCNTs/carbon paste modified electrode for determination of tramadol: theoretical and experimental investigation

A practical technique was applied to fabricate CuO nanostructures for use as the electrocatalyst. The green synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) via co-precipitation is described in this paper using an aqueous extract of Origanum majorana as both reductant and stabilizer, accompanied by characterization via XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The XRD pattern revealed no impurities, whereas SEM revealed low agglomerated spherical particles. CuO nanoparticles and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been used to create a modified carbon paste electrode. Voltammetric methods were used to analyze Tramadol using CuONPs/MWCNT as a working electrode. The produced nanocomposite showed high selectivity for Tramadol analysis with peak potentials of ~ 230 mV and ~ 700 mV and Excellent linear calibration curves for Tramadol ranging from 0.08 to 500.0 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and detection limits of 0.025. Also, the CuO NPs/MWCNT/CPE sensor shows an an appreciable sensitivity of 0.0773 μA/μM to tramadol. For the first time the B3LYP/LanL2DZ, quantum method was used to compute DFT to determine nanocomposites' connected energy and bandgap energy. Eventually, CuO NPs/CNT was shown to be effective in detecting Tramadol in actual samples, with a recovery rate ranging from 96 to 104.3%.

Photocatalytic dye degradation activities of green synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles from Sargassum wightii extract

In the present study, we report on the green synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles using Sargassum wightii by single-step straightforward co-precipitation method. The preparation of Cu2O nanoparticles is a fully green and environmentally beneficial process. The samples exhibit a homogeneous distribution and a uniform spherical shape and the size ranged between 20 and 30 nm, according to studies using the Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The existence of elements, Cu (42.09%) and O (57.91%), was confirmed by EDAX analysis. The X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) pattern supports the polydispersity and crystalline structure of the material. The presence of metal oxide functional groups was proven using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The optical band gap of the Cu2O is estimated to be about 3.11 eV based on the optical transmission at 383 nm using frequently used ultraviolet spectra. The photocatalytic degradation ability of the as-prepared sample was investigated against the methylene Blue (MB), methylene Orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (RB) dye under UV, and sunlight irradiation. According to the photocatalytic degradation analysis, the green synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles show high photocatalytic degradation of methylene Orange 92% after 180 min under Sunlight irradiation. Cuprous oxide nanoparticles are an efficient activity that is advantageous to water purification and environmentally favourable applications.

Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical routes, and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal effect on functionalized textiles

The potential for the application of metal-containing nanomaterials at the nanoscale promotes the opportunity to search for new methods for their elaboration, with special attention to those sustainable methods. In response to these challenges, we have investigated a new method for green synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) using Myrciaria dubia juice as an organic reductant and, comparing it with chemical synthesis, evaluating in both cases the influence of the volume of the organic (juice) and chemical (ascorbic acid) reductants, for which a large number of techniques such as spectrophotometry, EDX spectrometry, TEM, SEM, DLS, FTIR spectroscopy have been used. Likewise, the nanomaterial with better morphological characteristics, stability, and size homogeneity has been applied in the functionalization of textiles by means of in situ and post-synthesis impregnation methods. The success of the synthesis process has been demonstrated by the antimicrobial activity (bacteria and fungi) of textiles impregnated with Cu2O NPs.

Environmental free synthesis of biologically active Cu2O nanoparticles for the cytotoxicity

Using a simple greener and environmentally free method for the synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs), the effect of Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as a capping agent has also been analyzed in detail. In order to produce the NPs, the copper sulfate in aqueous solutions is reduced with L-ascorbic acid and capped with HP-β-CD. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used for the elemental analysis whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution tunneling electron microscopy (HR-TEM) are carried out for the analysis of surface morphology of the prepared NPs. In the typically selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern along with the lattice fringes, the crystalline structure of NPs could be described as face-centered cubic (FCC) with cu (111), (200), and (220) lattice planes. In addition, HR-TEM images are evident for the Cu2O NPs and revealed that the spherical with an average size of 33.2 nm. In-vitro cytotoxic ability with the NPs has been tested on the MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cell) cells and it was revealed to attain nearly 50% toxicity in 2.0 mg/ml (50% cell survival) and other concentrations attained 90-98% survival and a similar pattern is expressed in FACS analysis.

A facile strategy for rapid in situ synthesis of Cu2O on PP non-woven fabric with durable antibacterial activities

As the commercially filter material used in a face mask, polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric is considerably important for personal and medical protection, which plays an essential role in reducing exposure to infectious respiratory bacteria and airborne aerosol particles. Herein, a facial and rapid strategy for in situ synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) on PP nonwovens with the durable antibacterial property was demonstrated using high-temperature polydimethylsiloxane based on the concept of material engineering. Owing to the instantaneously slight melting of the PP surface layer at high temperature, Cu2O NPs were rapidly in situ constructed and immobilized on the fiber surface to form an organic and inorganic hybrid layer. The as-prepared Cu2O-PP non-woven fabric exhibited excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties towards both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, showing an inhibition zone of 39 mm and 18 mm for B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Furthermore, a durable antibacterial property was also achieved after 50 times of standard washing. Finally, the as-prepared Cu2O-PP non-woven fabric was used as an insert filter to fabricate a four-layer PP-based face mask, which may significantly improve the antibacterial performance of masks. The method provides a facile engineering strategy for medical protection with great application potential.

Synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles on graphitic carbon nitride and reduced graphene oxide and their catalytic performance toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles on graphitic carbon nitride and reduced graphene oxide and their catalytic performance toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities of cupric oxide nanoparticles synthesized using spinach leaves extract

Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) with improved properties for biomedical applications were greenly synthesized using spinach leaves extract. For the sake of comparison, two other sets of CuO nanoparticles were prepared. One was produced by a conventional chemical method, (CuONPs)chem, and the other was made greenly using curcumin, (CuONPs)cur, which is a well-known medicinal plant. Using X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization, both the structure and the nano-size of the three prepared formulations were confirmed. Their effectiveness as antioxidant and anticancer agents was then assessed using DPPH and MTT assays, respectively. The antioxidant activities of (CuONPs)sp, (CuONPs)cur and (CuONPs)chem (at a concentration of 100 μg/ml) were found to be ∼92, 86 and 84%, respectively. All the nano-formulations showed a significant cytotoxic effect against the breast cancer cell MCF-7 in a concentration dependent manner. However, the IC50 value of 21 ± 6 μg/ml for (CuONPs)sp revealed its promising antiproliferative effect over (CuONPs)cur, and (CuONPs)chem, which showed IC50 values of 26 ± 3 and 60 ± 1, respectively. Thus, for the first time, spinach leaves extract has successfully participated in the synthesis of CuONPs which are a cost effective and ecofriendly candidate possessing pronounced antioxidant and anticancer activities.

Green synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nano particles using aloe vera plant

In the present work, a green synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles was demonstrated using the freshly prepared aqueous extract of the aloe vera plant and the cupper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by the analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and EDX. Characterization techniques confirmed that the biomolecules involved in the formation of cupper oxide nanoparticles and also they stabilized the nanoparticles.

Phytochemical‐Assisted Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Studies

AbstractCuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (Nps) were synthesized using the vegetable waste viz. Daucus carota (Carrot) peel and agro wastes Cocos nucifera (Coconut) husk and Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) seed. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of cubic Cu2O nanoparticles having high crystallinity. Microscopy analysis of the synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles using D. carota and A. heterophyllus revealed spheroidal‐like cluster formation, whereas rice spikelet nanostructures were observed in the case of C. nucifera synthesized Cu2O Nps. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra of all the nanoparticles showed the presence of Cu and Oin the desired ratio, confirming the stoichiometry. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the presence of the functional groups responsible for the synthesis of the nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity studies of the synthesized Cu2O nanostructures showed satisfactory results against the bacterial and fungal species. Hence the vegetable and agro‐waste may be regarded as a biofactory for synthesizing the Cu2O nanoparticles.

Fast and simple approach for production of antibacterial nanocellulose/cuprous oxide hybrid films

In this work, a new, simple, cost-efficient and environmentally friendly water-based approach for the production of antibacterial nanocellulose/Cu2O hybrid films was developed. The cuprous oxide nanoparticles were obtained by the microwave-assisted polyol synthesis using glycerol as a green reducing agent. The obtained samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with EDX analysis and elemental mapping, UV/Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, dynamic light scattering. The results of UV/Vis spectroscopy confirmed the efficient synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles showing a distinct absorption peak at 469 nm. The direct band gap energy of Cu2O NPs is 2.10 eV. SEM images showed that Cu2O NPs were well distributed in the nanocellulose matrix. Antibacterial activity of the samples was investigated against two gram-positive bacterial species, Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis, and gram-negative E. coli by a disk-diffusion and liquid broth tests. In the dark, the hybrid films showed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. In liquid broth containing the hybrid films, B. thuringiensis was more sensitive than E. coli to Cu2O NPs after 12 h of incubation. The Cu2O NPs do not cause toxicity for mammalian cell cultures in the same concentrations, in which they are highly toxic for bacteria. The hybrid nanocellulose/Cu2O films made of nontoxic, biodegradable reagents have a potential application in the field of treatment of wounds and skin infections.

Green Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Malva Parviflora

Green Synthesis of cupric Oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using the plant extract is an emerging field of extensive applications. In the present study, the CuONPs were carried out by reducing copper sulfate solution by the aqueous Malva parviflora leaves extract, where this plant is used as a reducing and capping agent. The precursor salt solution and reducing agent were mixed in a 1:4 volume ratio at 50 oC and pH=9. According to the UV-VIS spectrum, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band was observed at 262 nm. UV-VIS spectroscopy also was employed to estimate the band gap energy of CuO nanoparticles, in which the optical band gap was varied depending upon the particle size and copper sulfate concentration. The XRD was found that synthesized CuONPs were Amorphous structure. FT-IR spectrum revealed that the presence of flavonoid may be the significant cause of reducing and capping of CuONPs. Furthermore, the mechanism of CuO nanoparticle formation has also been discussed.

Green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of black cupric oxide nanoparticles

BackgroundBiogenic fabrication of nanoparticles from naturally occurring biomaterials involves plants, herbs, bacteria and fungi using water as neutral solvent, while chemical synthesis involves hazardous chemicals and leaves unwanted byproduct which unnecessarily pollute the environment. In order to prevent atmospheric pollution a safe, clean and green strategy for the synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of Diospyros montana has been employed. D. montana of Ebenaceae family is a poisonous tropical plant which grows wild in Asia. Its extract is commonly known as fish poison. The rate of formation of NPs from plant extract is thought to be facile and rapid relative to those formed by fungi and bacteria, but it depends on the concentration of reducing chemicals available in the extract. We report, in this communication, a benign method of biogenic synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) from leaf extract of D. montana and their characterization by UV–visible, FTIR, SEM, TEM, DLS, SAED and EDX analyses. Their antimicrobial activity against seven Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria has been screened. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by ascorbic acid as reducing agent and cupric oxide nanoparticles as catalyst has been done under sunlight.ResultsCupric oxide nanoparticles of varying size starting from 5.9 to 21.8 nm have been fabricated from aqueous leaf extract of D. montana at room temperature. The pure extract absorbs at 273 nm while CuO-NPs exhibit a broad peak at 320 nm. FTIR spectrum of the leaf extract shows the presence of a double quinonoid molecule. There are three types of CuO-NPs with different hydrodynamic radii. Their average hydrodynamic radii fall between 495 ± 346 nm. SEM and TEM images show spherical shaped CuO-NPs of different size. SAED suggests crystalline nature of CuO-NPs. They are highly polydispersed in solution. EDX analysis reveals the presence of Ca, C, O, Na and Si besides copper. Oxygen content is over 50% by mass. Reduction of methylene blue dye (MB) by ascorbic acid as reducing agent, in presence of CuO-NPs as catalyst, has been achieved in 90 s at room temperature while their reduction by ascorbic acid alone takes more than 10 min. Antibacterial activity of CuO-NPs against seven Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium xerosis and Bacillus cereus) and four Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) has been investigated. The results indicated that NPs are highly effective against growth inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Copper oxide nanoparticles are even more toxic than the standard antibiotic, norfloxacin.ConclusionIn this project cupric oxide NPs of 5.9–21.8 nm have been fabricated from aqueous leaf extract of D. montana. It is most inexpensive and easy process to fabricate NPs from plant material because no toxic chemicals are used. Since CuO-NPs are toxic to several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, attempt may be made to use them as antibacterial agent to protect food, vegetable and crops. Also, the reduction of methylene blue dye by ascorbic acid as reducing agent in presence of CuO NPs as catalyst has been done very efficiently at a rapid rate which prompts us to use them as catalyst in the reduction of dyes, other toxic materials and industrial effluents. Further investigation of other beneficial properties of CuO-NPs can also be explored.

Green synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles for environmental remediation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

In this work, we emphasize the green synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) by Fehling's route using banana (Musa acuminate) fruits where the formation of products by the involvement of natural ingredients is considered to be the solvent-free route. The as-synthesized Cu2O samples were thoroughly characterized by various analytical techniques in order to fully understand the surface bonding and functional groups, optical properties, surface charges, phase purity and crystallinity, surface morphological features, and elemental analysis. On testing of the photocatalytic activity, the material is investigated to be p-type Cu2O and exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic behavior due to the interfacial structure that tends to reduce the recombination rate of a photogenerated electron (e−) - hole (h+) pairs. Further, we have explored this property for the degradation of organic contaminants, methylene blue and found that the material is very effective towards the photochemical degradation of pollutants.

Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles and synergistic antibacterial activity using mint leaf extract

ABSTRACTThis study describes the hydrothermal synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Mint extract agent. A mixture of 0.1 M copper nitrate and a mint extract was hydrothermally treated at a temperature of 180 °C for two hours. Meanwhile, the Mint leaf extract had reduced the copper ions of the nanoparticles after five minutes, resulting in dark-green precipitation. The structural and optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles showed a simple cubic structure with a crystallite size range of 22 nm ‒ 25 nm. According to the UV-Vis spectrum, an absorption peak was observed at 346 nm. The antibacterial activity was checked against Escherichia coli (E-coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B-subtilis) cultures by which the inhibition zones were found to be 35 mm and 38 mm, respectively. It is concluded that the CuO NPs have a good ability to resist microbes.

Comparison of the Effects of Electrodes Orientation in the Synthesis of Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles for an Electrochemical Method

Cupric oxide nanoparticles were synthesized with different morphologies by an electrochemical route, modifying the orientation of the electrodes. Cuprous oxide nanoparticles get to be present. The process consisted in the use of a two-electrode cell powered by one DC voltage source without additional controls. The experiments were carried out at 1 V at 25°C under strong stirring. A copper sheet of 99.98% purity was used as the sacrificial anode, stainless steel sheet as the cathode, and aqueous sodium nitrate as the electrolyte. Structural characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, and the morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Using the vertical configuration cupric oxide nanosheets were obtained, while cupric-cuprous oxide shuttle-like nanoparticles were obtained using the horizontal configuration.

Research Article LEAVES EXTRACT-BASED BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF CUPRIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES, CHARACTERIZATIONS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Objectives: Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) leaves extract-based synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), characterizations, and antimicrobial activity.
 Methods: The small cut leaves were washed with double distilled water and boiled for 30 min. After filtration, the extract was treated with 0.2 M copper acetate solution and the initial color change of this solution indicated formation of copper nanoparticles. This solution was stirred for a specific time, heated and treated with 0.1 M NaOH solution. The formation of CuONPs was confirmed by the development of brownish-black precipitates. Then, CuONPs have been tested for their antibacterial effects by applying well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus.
 Results: The biologically synthesized CuONPs have been well characterized by using ultraviolet-visible, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray powder diffraction, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques and all these analytical methods indicated a successful and efficient formation of CuONPs. After the incubation period, significant zones of inhibition were observed for E. coli, S. mutans, P. vulgaris, and S. aureus.
 Conclusions: The method was found highly efficient, eco-friendly, and low cost for the synthesis of biologically important CuONPs. The CuONPs have been found an excellent antibacterial agent.

Morphology-controlled synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles by plasma electrochemistry and its photocatalytic activity

A plasma-NaCl aqueous solution system has been used to synthesize cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles. In this plasma electrochemical system, the argon plasma located above the liquid surface is used as cathode, while a copper plate partially immersed into the aqueous solution as the counter electrode. At the anode zone, the anodic dissolution of Cu plate releases Cu2+ into aqueous solution and then transports and reacts in the plasma–liquid interactions zone. The results show that the morphology of the synthesized Cu2O nanoparticles ranges from irregular shape to spherical structure by altering the concentration of surfactant of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. In addition, the obtained Cu2O nanoparticles with spherical structure have been confirmed to have enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance of methyl orange degradation.