Abstract
Objectives: Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) leaves extract-based synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), characterizations, and antimicrobial activity.
 Methods: The small cut leaves were washed with double distilled water and boiled for 30 min. After filtration, the extract was treated with 0.2 M copper acetate solution and the initial color change of this solution indicated formation of copper nanoparticles. This solution was stirred for a specific time, heated and treated with 0.1 M NaOH solution. The formation of CuONPs was confirmed by the development of brownish-black precipitates. Then, CuONPs have been tested for their antibacterial effects by applying well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus.
 Results: The biologically synthesized CuONPs have been well characterized by using ultraviolet-visible, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray powder diffraction, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques and all these analytical methods indicated a successful and efficient formation of CuONPs. After the incubation period, significant zones of inhibition were observed for E. coli, S. mutans, P. vulgaris, and S. aureus.
 Conclusions: The method was found highly efficient, eco-friendly, and low cost for the synthesis of biologically important CuONPs. The CuONPs have been found an excellent antibacterial agent.
Highlights
The major advantages of nanotechnology in chemical, biological, and engineering sciences are to improve the efficiency, durability, and effectiveness of the materials
Synthesized Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are safer than chemically originated CuONPs and biomedically become more effective to inhibit the growth of microorganisms [23]
Synthesis and characterizations of CuONPs Take a requisite amount of copper acetate Cu (CH3COO)2 in 100 ml of double distilled water to make 0.2 M copper acetate solution
Summary
The major advantages of nanotechnology in chemical, biological, and engineering sciences are to improve the efficiency, durability, and effectiveness of the materials. The applicability of nanotechnology with green processes has achieved great attention in the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and these nanoparticles show many unique biochemical, physicochemical, and optoelectronic properties. Researchers have focused on the developing of green synthetic methods for these nanoparticles because such nanoparticles are used as catalysts, in medical applications, disinfection, as antimicrobials, semiconductors, cosmetics, and chemical sensing devices [13,14,15,16,17]. Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have attracted great attention due to their applications in biomedical, supercapacitors, magnetic storage media, sensors, catalysis, and semiconductors [18,19,20]. The plant Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) belongs to Angiospermic family Lamiaceae and has many medicinal properties and used in traditional medicines and pharmaceuticals. The leaves of O. tenuiflorum have been collected from a local garden near Uttaranchal University Dehradun (India)
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