Synthesis Of Copper Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and their Activity against Aspergillus chitin Deacetylase Gene and Cellulose Dehydrogenase Protein Expression

Fungal infections, such as those caused by Aspergillus, Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Penicillium, and Rhizopus, are considered the major global threat to human life. In seeking a treatment, we synthesized and characterized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Curcuma longa extract. C. longa plant extract has been previously studied and validated for its strong antimicrobial properties. Novel green particles were synthesized in this study using C. longa and copper nitrate. We also investigated antifungal activity through inhibition studies and real-time expression of gene members belonging to the chitin synthase family. Synthesized CuNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. The results visibly confirmed the antifungal activity of the synthesized CuNPs against Aspergillus through zones of growth inhibition. The zone diameters were comparable to those of the positive control used in the study. The synthesized CuNPs were 60 nm in diameter and with a resonance peak at 535 nm. The observations of the downregulation of chitin synthase gene members 1, 2, and 3 suggest significant antifungal activity of the synthesized CuNPs. The collective findings indicate the potential value of green-synthesized CuNPs as antifungal agents.

Electrical conductivity of green synthesized copper nanoparticles by P.granatum

Bioactive molecules that are naturally present in fruit extracts are used to synthesize nanoparticles that can be used in various applications. Extracting metallic nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner via fruit extracts has gained significant attention. Nanomaterials or nano-engineered materials that have been manufactured at the nanoscale can be applied in the materials and mechanical field due to their improved sensitivity, strength, thermal and electrical conductivity, and optical characteristics. The nanomaterials manufactured are known for their controlled stability and can be used for real – world application that includes a wearable electronic device, and sensors. The present study discusses the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from the pomegranate peel extract. The peel extract is prepared using the Soxhlet extraction method. The screening of various phytochemicals in the extract is also a part of the study. The confirmatory tests of flavonoids were conducted which showed a positive result for most of the flavonoids except for Anthraquinones. The UV – Visible Spectroscopy depicts an absorption peak of around 570 nm which indicates the surface plasmon resonance of Cu nanoparticles. The FTIR results confirmed the interaction of copper nanoparticles and protein in the peel extract. Further studies indicated the electrical conductivity of synthesized copper nanoparticles to be 3.14 mS/cm. Hence, the copper nanoparticles were examined for their microstructure and electrical conductivity.

Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Chitosan Extracted from Prawn Shells, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity

Marine waste management has been one of the problems having the most significant impact on the environment. Food industrial wastes are an essential environmental contamination source. Research has been carried out to develop methods to convert these wastes into valuable products. Alternatively, this waste can be used to extract chitosan, which possess antimicrobial activity. Hence, an attempt has been made to extract chitosan from the marine waste-prawn shells, synthesize Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs) using chitosan, and characterize the synthesized CuNPs using Ultra Violet -visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CuNPs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains: Staphylococcus sp and Pseudomonas sp, and fungal strains: Aspergillus sp and Candida sp were assessed in the present study using the agar well diffusion method. As per the current study’s findings, the zone of inhibition increased with an increase in the sample concentration. It was also observed that the CuNPs showed maximum antibacterial activity towards Pseudomonas sp, followed by Staphylococcus sp, and antifungal activity against Candida sp.

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using strawberry leaves and study of properties, anti-cancer action, and activity against bacteria isolated from Covid-19 patients

Severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 caused by coronavirus 2 is responsible for SARS that led to the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent studies have demonstrated a high correlation between secondary bacterial infections and worse outcomes and death in COVID-19 patients. The extensive use of medicines during the last SARS-CoV epidemic led to an increase in the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant germs. Nanoparticles have important characteristics and applications in health, industry, and applied fields, etc. In medical fields, they curb and stop antibiotic-resistant diseases and pathogens. In this study, strawberry leaf extract was used to synthesize copper nanoparticles. The benefits of copper nanoparticles in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus bacteria isolated from COVID-19 patients' sputum were tested using the agar well diffusion method. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S.aureus bacteria play a significant part in the series of bacterial infections that arise with COVID-19 infection. (1 ml) of strawberry leaf extract was mixed with (50 ml) of copper chloride solution prepared at a concentration of 2mM at room temperature. The mixture was blended for 7 hours to produce copper nanoparticles with a concentration of 2 mM as a stock solution in an environment-friendly manner. The first indication of the production of copper nanoparticles was the increase in the color intensity of the mixture after 7 hours. The nanoparticles were detected using UV spectrophotometers, and a scanning electron microscope SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-VIS spectral, which appeared at the absorbance of two absorptive peaks, namely: 299 and 804 nm. UV-VIS spectral examination was conducted after a month and was very intense. It also showed two absorbance peaks (300 and 805nm) with increasing intensity. This is evidence of the insolubility of the nanomaterial and its stability over the month. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the dimensions of the prepared copper nanoparticles ranged between (46.59 and 58.82 nm). The production of copper nanoparticles in this inexpensive and environmentally friendly biological way has given excellent results in inhibiting the growth of bacteria isolated from COVID-19 patients. The effectiveness of copper nanoparticles was tested against cancerous cells isolated from laryngeal carcinoma, called HeP-2, of a 60-year-old man. The concentration of 50% of the copper nanoparticle solution, which is equivalent to 0.5 mM, gave an inhibition rate of 44.081% in cell cultures. Its effect was compared with the sensitivity of the normal cell line of liver cells (WRL-68); the concentration of 50%, which is equivalent to 0.5 mM, gave an inhibition rate of 5.997% in cell cultures, which showed a good affinity for copper nanoparticles. From this, we conclude that the copper nanoparticles were more effective in inhibiting cancerous cell lines than the normal ones.

Green Synthesis of Nickel and Copper Nanoparticles Doped with Silver from Hammada scoparia Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Potential to Inhibit Microorganisms and to Remove Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Hammada scoparia (Pomel) is a powerful plant with important biological properties. In this study, we report on the green synthesis of silver-doped nickel and copper nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of H. scoparia leaf extract using a self-propagating sol–gel autocombustion process. The synthesized NiO, CuO, Ag-NiO, and Ag-CuO NPs were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Afterward, they were tested for their antimicrobial activity as well as their potential to remove dyes from aqueous solutions using adsorption processes for malachite green (MG) and photocatalytic degradation for methylene blue (MB). Our results showed that the mass of the adsorbent had a significant effect on the adsorption rate, which increased to reach a maximum value of 98%. The Ag-CuO NP showed the best final conversion of MB (97.95%) compared to NiO, CuO, and Ag-NiO. In addition, we noted that the NPs doped with silver had the best performance in the removal of dyes. These results indicated that the photocatalytic performance was significantly improved after the addition of silver. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity showed that the studied NPs had moderate activity against the tested bacteria and a weak activity or were ineffective against Candida albicans. Therefore, the green synthesis of NPs from H. scoparia leaf extract is considered a sustainable alternative to removing dyes from aqueous solutions. However, further investigation should be performed on the other dyes to understand the overall effectiveness of these NPs.

Synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticle using Spirulina platensis and evaluation of their anticancer activity

ABSTRACT The present research displays the green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). The aqueous solution of Spirulina platensis (blue green algae) source was used as a reducing and capping agent and this study assessed the cytotoxicity of Ag- and CuO-NPs on three cancer cell cultures: A549 (lung cancer), HCT (human colon cancer), Hep2 (laryngeal carcinoma cancer) and normal cell (WISH). For NPs characterization, the UV/Vis spectroscopy was used where their formation and crystallinity were proven with max values for Ag- and CuO-NPs of 425 and 234 nm, respectively. According to X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ag-NPs were spherical in shape (size 2.23–14.68 nm) and CuO-NPs were small (size 3.75–12.4 nm). Zeta potential analysis showed the particles potential, which was recorded by −14.95 ± 4.31 mV for Ag-NPs and −21.63 ± 4.90 mV for CuO-NPs. After that, Ag- and CuO-NPs were assessed for anticancer properties against A549, HCT, Hep2 and WISH. IC50 of Ag-NPs recorded 15.67, 12.94, 3.8 and 10.44 µg/ml for WISH, A549, HCT and Hep2, respectively. IC50 for CuO-NPs was recorded as 32.64, 54.59, 3.98 and 20.56 µg/ml for WISH, A549, HCT and Hep2 cells, respectively. Safety limits for WISH and A549 were achieved 98.64% by 2.44 µg/ml and 83.43% by 4.88 µg/ml of Ag-NPs, and it was found to be 97.94% by 2.44 µg/ml against HCT, while that for Hep2 is 95.9% by 2.44 µg/ml. Concerning the anticancer effect of CuO-NPs, the safety limit was recorded as 88.70% by 2.44 and 98.48% by 4.88 µg/ml against WISH and A549, while HCT reached 89.92% by 2.44 µg/ml and Hep2 was 83.33% by 4.88 µg/ml. Green nanotechnology applications such as Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs have numerous benefits of ecofriendliness and compatibility for biomedical applications such as anticancer effects against cancer cells.

Production of copper nanoparticles in the process of target ablation by radiation Cr3+:BeAl2O4 laser

The work is devoted to the synthesis of nanoparticles in the process of ablation of a copper target in a liquid by repetitively pulsed laser radiation. It has been noted that nanomaterials based on certain metals have unique physical and chemical properties. This ensures their use in various applications. In particular, copper nanoparticles are successfully used in medicine and biochemistry. To carry out the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, a previously developed Cr3+:BeAl2O4 laser is used. The laser is based on a plane-parallel resonator with a dispersive prism. Using a prism, the radiation wavelength is smoothly adjusted. To carry out copper ablation, the laser generation wavelength was tuned to 740 nm. It has been shown that when a target is exposed to a microsecond laser pulse consisting of a train of short pulses, copper nanoparticles of various sizes are formed. Comparison of the results with the results of previous works shows that exposure of the target to radiation with a shorter wavelength, commensurate with the energy density of the train and similar spatial parameters leads to a decrease in the average size of the synthesized nanoparticles.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES FROM AN EXTRACT OF CINNAMON BARK: SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES

Nanobiotechnology is increasing at a very fast rate due to its various industrial applications in the textile, biomedical, food, pharmaceutical, and paint industries. The green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of cinnamon zeylanicum has been documented in our present research work. The green synthesis of Cu NPs is a very simple, fast, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method. In this work, we use an aqueous environment for the green synthesis of copper nanoparticle(Cu NPs). The aqueous environment plays a very important role in decreasing reaction time, reducing the minimum possibilities of side reactions, and proper conversion of precursors into good quality CuNPs in very less time. The existence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids was confirmed by the phytochemical analysis of the plant extract, and the presence of these chemicals can be used as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The Cu NPs were characterized by structural, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopic techniques. Powdered X-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of well-defined equispaced crystalline CUNPs. The average particle and crystalline size of CuNPs were found to be 66.16 ±1 nm and 77.54±1 nm respectively. The Surface plasmon resonance peaks were found at 233.67 and 252.2 nm, measured using UV-Visible spectroscopy, and the calculated band gap was found to be 3.5 e V at 288nm, indicating the semiconductor behavior of the CZ-CUNPs. The effective results of pharmacological activities of CuNPs due to the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids in the CZ bark extract. The green synthesis of CZ-CUNPs from an aqueous extract of cinnamon zeylanicum bark in the proper stoichiometric ratio is an excellent method for synthesizing highly effective bioactive agents which can be considered good drug candidates for various biomedical applications in the future for mankind.

Biosynthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles with andrographis paniculata for antimicrobial applications

This study presents a synthesis of copper nanoparticles in which an intermediate aqueous extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata. The synthesis copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) was supervised by UV-visible spectroscopy at room temperature. FTIR analysis prepared nanoparticles exhibited the attendance of comparable peaks established in the leaves extract spectra. XRD analysis inveterate the crystalline structure of synthetic copper nanoparticles. SEM's images presented that greatest balls were a spherical, like a shaped one. Subsequently, CuNPs was further analyzed for anti-bacterial effects from the Gram positive and Gram negative was obviously detected.

In vitro Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic and Anticancer Properties of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by Medicinal Plant Leucas aspera (Willd)

Introduction: The present study focuses on the use of Leucas aspera aqueous extract as a reduction agent for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The entire plant is employed in conventional medicine and as an insecticide. Scientific research has been done on the plant's potential as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound-healing agent. Intoxication by cobra venom also makes use of it. This study was intended to explore the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer activities of copper nanoparticles. Methods: Protein denaturation and membrane stabilization of human red blood cells (HRBC) were used to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The antidiabetic activity of the CuNPs was evaluated by inhibiting both amylase and glucosidase in vitro, whereas anticancer activity against vero and MCF-7 cell line. Results: The Leucas aspera copper nanoparticles (LACuNPs) showed a dose dependent -inflammatory activity. The highest inhibition percentage in protein denaturation is 70.30±1.72% and 67.68±1.41% in HRBC membrane stabilization at 1000µg/ml concentration. In vitro antidiabetic activity exhibited 76.03 ± 1.14 of α-amylase and 71.54 ± 1.55 at α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The in vitro anti-cancer study revealed 50% apoptosis (IC₅₀) of LACuNPs treated vero and MCF7 are displayed as 248.84±0.01 µg/ml and 137.39±1.51, respectively. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated the application of biosynthesized LACuNPs as potential anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer agents in addition to their environmental friendliness.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES MEDIATED FROM Coffee arabica SEEDS EXTRACT

The goal of this study is to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Coffee arabica extract at room temperature using simple methods, characterize nanoparticle generation, and explore the impact of extract concentration on the production of copper nanoparticles, followed by a qualitative phytochemical screening of coffee extract metabolites and CuNPs toxicity demonstration. To characterize nanoparticle generation, color change, and UV-visible spectrophotometer were explored, analyzing by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy detected the availability of major functional groups, and the X-ray diffractometer demonstrated nanoparticles size. Additionally, CuNPs safety was demonstrated by hemolysis assays. The results revealed that the Coffee arabica beans solution shifted copper ions into copper nanoparticles at room temperature within 15 min of reaction time, and also registered peak absorbance at 262 nm in 3 days and 30 days to conform synthesis and stability CuNPs. In addition, FTIR analyses demonstrated the corresponding bonds (-OH, C=C, and C-H) that are responsible for the formation of CuNPs. Furthermore, the XRD results reported CuNPs to have a monoclinic crystalline shape with a mean crystallite size of 16.3 nm, CuNPs were found to be harmless in hemolytic experiments. Thus, this method can be used for optimum rapid synthesis of copper nanoparticles.

A simple method for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from metastable intermediates.

Copper nanoparticles have attracted a wide attention because of their low cost and high specific surface area. At present, the synthesis of copper nanoparticles has the problems of complicated process and environmentally unfriendly materials like hydrazine hydrate and sodium hypophosphite that would pollute water, harm human health and may even cause cancer. In this paper, a simple and low-cost two-step synthesis method was used to prepare highly stable and well-dispersed spherical copper nanoparticles in solution with a particle size of about 34 nm. The prepared spherical copper nanoparticles were kept in solution for one month without precipitation. Using non-toxic l-ascorbic acid as the reducing and secondary coating agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the primary coating agent, and NaOH as the pH modulator, the metastable intermediate CuCl was prepared. Due to the characteristics of the metastable state, copper nanoparticles were rapidly prepared. Moreover, to improve the dispersibility and antioxidant, the PVP and l-ascorbic acid were used to coat the surface of copper nanoparticles. Finally, the mechanism of the two-step synthesis of copper nanoparticles was discussed. This mechanism mainly relies on the two-step dehydrogenation of l-ascorbic acid to obtain copper nanoparticles.

Green corrosion inhibition and DFT studies of phytoextract and green synthesis of copper nanoparticles of Jacaranda mimosaefolia

The inhibitive behaviour of Jacaranda mimosaefolia flower extract and its green copper nanoparticles (GCuJmNPs) have been studied as green corrosion inhibitors (GCI) using AISI 1018 carbon steel in HCl medium at pH 2, and the green corrosion inhibition efficiency (GCIE) was estimated by Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves (PPC) at 25 + 2 °C. The quantum chemical studies have been also performed using the DFT tool and the electrochemical parameters such as dipole moment (μ), EHOMO, ELUMO, energy gap (ΔE), global hardness (η), chemical softness (S), electron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), the absolute electronegativity (χ), the fraction of electron transfer were calculated. The results showed that J. mimosaefolia flower extract acts as a cathodic inhibitor and protected better than GCuJmNPs, however, the GCuJmNPs made a GCIE in 28%. This work motive continues to study and explore the activity of green metallic nanoparticles as green corrosion inhibitors.

Green Synthesis of Nano-Zero-Valent Copper for the D-Blue 60 Textile Dye Removal from Aqueous Medium

Green synthesis of zero-valent copper nanoparticles successfully performed using Ficus benjamina leaves. The novel adsorbent Ficus nano-zero-valent copper (FB-nZVCu) characterized by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size of these nanoparticles typically ranges from 16 to 18 nm. This adsorbent investigated for removal of D-blue 60 from textile wastewater. The impact of different operating parameters, including pH, adsorbent dose, stirring rate, time, and initial dye concentration, had been tested, and optimum conditions were selected to gauge the optimum dye removal performance of the adsorbent. The maximum removal efficiency of D-blue 60 reached 87% under the following proper conditions: adsorbent dose 0.3 g L−1, time 30 min, and pH 8. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the most appropriate system for the adsorption process (R2 = 0.9994) and (qmax = 30.03 mg g−1). The pseudo-second-order model defined the adsorption. From the data obtained and the fruitful discussion, it detected that the FB-nZVCu green adsorbent strongly recommended as a hopeful substance for removing D-blue 60 from both synthetic and actual waste samples.HighlightsGreen synthesis of eco-friendly FB-nZVCu nanoparticles utilizing low-cost material Ficus benjamina leaves.The FB-nZVCu nanoparticles are efficient nano-adsorptive agents for removing D-blue 60 from wastewater under optimum conditions.The Langmuir isotherm and PSO kinetics model provided a good fit to the adsorption data.

Antimicrobial & Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Green Synthesised Copper Nanoparticles from <i>Musa acuminata</i> and <i>Citrus sinensis</i> Peel Extracts

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a kind of bottom-up approach where the main reaction occurring is reduction/oxidation. Re-cently, green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts has gained more attention, since they are simple, cost-effective, non-toxic, environment friendly and easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis. There is a great demand for synthesizing Copper nano-particles (CuNPs) by simple and less expensive methods. The peels of a variety of fruits have gained attention as a natural source of antioxidants. Green synthesis of CuNPs was successfully obtained from bio-reduction of copper sulfate pentahydrate solutions using <i>Musa acuminata</i> and <i>Citrus sinensis</i>. CuNPs have been appropriately characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and SEM analysis. It was observed that CuNPs synthesized from dried orange peel extract had better anti-microbial and antioxidant activi-ty than the fresh orange peel and showed great activity than all the other three samples. Since copper is well-known for its anti-microbial properties, we assumed that fabricating CuNP from banana and orange peel extract can increase its efficiency. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was analyzed using gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>), gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>), and fungal (<i>Aspergillus niger</i>) species. Due to their benign and stable nature and antimicrobial property, these CuNPs may be well utilized for industrial and medicinal purposes.

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity for Liquid Disinfectant

The effort of copper nanoparticle exploration for antibacterial cleaning agents needs to prevent infection or contamination of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses due to its potential characteristic as an environmentally benign material. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles using 0.02 M Cu(NO3)2 as a precursor and red dragon fruit extract as a bioreduction agent has been conducted. The extraction process of red dragon fruit was done by the maceration method using methanol as solvent. Copper nanoparticles were prepared through green chemistry with the reduction method. The compound in red dragon fruit extract reduced Cu2+ to Cu. The experimental nanoparticle synthesis method was performed with a combination of red dragon fruit extract and Cu(NO3)2 solution mixed with a volume ratio of bioreductor extract toward Cu2+ precursor variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9. The mixtures were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes and then incubated. The samples were characterized using UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and a digital microscope to observe morphology. The observation continued to assess its antibacterial activity and potency as an active disinfectant. UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorbance value for 30 minutes tended to be stable. Particle size estimation showed the smallest size of 122.12 nm at a volume ratio of 1:9. Functional group analysis using FTIR showed a shift in wavenumber between dragon fruit extract and copper nanoparticle (CuNPs), indicating a functional group interaction. The results of morphological analysis using a digital microscope showed that the particles with fine powder granules were produced with the composition of fruit extract: Cu(NO3)2 of 1:9. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli indicated that the composition of Cu-nanoparticles of 1:9 had given an inhibition value.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrous and Copper Nanoparticles from E-Waste Using Biological Reduction by Lichen-Associated Bacteria and Their Application in Antifouling Activity.

The largest and fastest growing industry in the world is electronic industries and the generation of waste are emerging problem. Electronic wastes are the source of precious metals that contributes 40 to 50 times more than the ore extracted from mines. The recycling of the waste is very important as it can protect the earth's natural resources. There are various methods for recycling e-waste such as chemical, fire, physical, and mechanical method. Currently, chemical treatment is in practice for recycling but, due to the usage of inorganic chemicals, it gives more environmental issues. Therefore, this paper used the biological method to prepare the nanoparticle from e-waste as it is an eco-friendly method. The copper and ferrous nanoparticle was extracted from the e-waste and biologically reduced using lichen-associated bacterial such as Parmotrema tintorum and P. recticulatum. The characteristics of these nanoparticles such as size, shape, and functional group were analyzed using UV, PSA, SEM, and FTIR respectively. The size of the synthesized particle was in the range of 10-100nm using PSA. At the 2.5% concentration, the synthesis of ferrous nanoparticles was confirmed by the peak value obtained at 430nm and 540nm for copper nanoparticles. The antifouling properties of synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by colliding them with the paint and applying to the iron surface. In recent research, the nanomaterials were able to use to reduce the fouling activity, also prevent harmful effects to the other marine species and the resistance of some microorganisms to antifoulants. This study helps to prevent environmental contaminants by using the copper and ferrous nanoparticle substances synthesized from the e-waste materials with the help of bacterial reduction.

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Ocimum sanctum and its Antimicrobial Activity

Objectives: We reported a non-toxic, low-cost and environmentally friendly green synthesis technique for the manufacture of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) utilizing Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) leaf extract to prevent hospital-acquired and Methicillin-resistant pathogenic bacterial infections strains. Materials and Methods: The biogenic synthesis of Cu NPs via chemical precipitation method using O. sanctum phytochemical extract as stabilizing and reducing agent. Cu NPs syntheses are characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spectroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze and confirm size and nature of Cu NPs. Results: UV-vis spectroscopy of Cu NPs showed an absorption peak at 528 nm with calculated band gap 2.1 eV. XRD analysis indicates crystallite nature of Cu NPs having an average size 48 nm. FTIR showed involvement of O. sanctum extract biomolecules in capping process Cu NPs. The hexagonal morphology structure of Cu NPs nanoparticles is observed by SEM analysis. Cu NPs showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (38.66 ± 1.15 mm), Escherichia coli (43.33 ± 1.15 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.66 ± 0.57 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (42.66± 0.57 mm). Conclusion: We report synthesis of simple, inexpensive and eco-friendly O. sanctum mediated Cu NPs. The biophysical characterization techniques used for analyze size, shape and nature of nanoparticles. The 32 ug/ml Cu NPs concentration showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cu NPs efficiently used to prevent Proteus vulgaris mediated infection.

Synthesis and structural characterization of copper nanoparticles doped activated carbon derived from coconut coir for drinking water purification

Modifying and functionalizing activated carbon using metal nanoparticles have received great scientific attention in recent decades as a method to improve its inherent properties. The synergistic effects between the dopant and the activated carbon could lead to advanced properties in the hybrid material compared to individual counterparts. In this study, copper-doped activated carbon from coconut coir (Cu-ACC) is synthesized by an in-situ reduction method. The successful doping of zerovalent copper nanoparticles (Cu np) into the activated carbon matrix was confirmed using several characterization techniques. Peaks related to zerovalent Cu np in the X-ray diffractogram confirmed the successful formation of zerovalent Cu np. The dopant-matrix interactions were confirmed through peak shifts in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and D and G band changes in the Raman spectrum of Cu-ACC. The Cu 2p band in XPS of the Cu-ACC showed a sharp doublet at 932.7 eV, confirming the presence of metallic Cu. As indicated in the TEM/SEM images, Cu np demonstrated a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 5 nm. It was further observed that the Cu-ACC nanohybrid material could remove fluoride (63%) and hardness (69%) in synthetic water. Cu-ACC further demonstrates an enhanced antimicrobial activity against three commonly found water pathogens; E. coli, S. typhi, and S. flexneri. The material is expected to be used in next-generation domestic water filters formulated as single-use sachet bags.

Green Synthesis of Ceiba pentandra copper nanoparticles and their characterization

In the present study, Ceiba pentandra (CP) aqueous leaf extract was used for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Techniques like UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, EDX, XRD and in vitro antioxidants assay were used to characterize synthesized nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak at 310 nm. SEM analysis demonstrated that the CuNPs are spindly shaped structures with average size of about 62.63nm. XRD analysis revealed the face centered cubic like structures of CuNPs. Ceiba pentandra copper nanoparticles (CP-CuNPs) exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activities i.e. 80 % inhibition of free radicals with DPPH assay, 70% inhibition of H2O2 with hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and 75% inhibition in phosphomolybdenum assay compared to leaf extract. Hence the above protocol is a humble, fast, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous and an alternative for physical/chemical methods.