Synthesis Of Conducting Polymers Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of novel conductive star polymers containing PSS/PANI arms

Novel multistep procedures for preparing water-soluble, conducting star-shaped polyaniline/poly(styrenesulfonate) complex are presented. Star poly(styrenesulfonate) which serves as a template for generating the electroactive polymer complex was synthesized by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Makowski's sulfonating method of styrene. The characterization by GPC and 1H-NMR showed that each polymeric arm of the star polyelectrolyte exhibited a well-defined chain length and a well-controlled charge fraction. The conducting polymer complex prepared by the polyelectrolyte-guided polymerization of aniline was highly stable in aqueous solution.

Microwave Synthesis of Polymer-Embedded Pt−Ru Catalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized within a conductive polymer matrix are prepared using microwave heating. Polypyrrole di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, or PPyDEHS, has been chosen for its known electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and solubility in polar organic solvents. A scalable and quick two-step process is proposed to fabricate alloyed nanoparticles dispersed in PPyDEHS. First a mixture of PPyDEHS and metallic precursors is heated in a microwave under reflux conditions. Then the nanoparticles are extracted by centrifugation. Physical characterization by TEM shows that crystalline and monodisperse alloyed nanoparticles with an average size of 2.8 nm are obtained. Diffraction data show that crystallite size is around 2.0 nm. Methanol electro-oxidation data allow us to propose these novel materials as potential candidates for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) application. The observed decrease in sulfur content in the polymer upon incorporation of PtRu nanoparticles may have adversely affected the measured catalytic activity by decreasing the conductivity of PPyDEHS. Higher concentration of polymer leads to lower catalyst activity. Design and synthesis of novel conductive polymers is needed at this point to enhance the catalytic properties of these hybrid materials.

Synthesis and characterization of conducting and non-conducting polymers of sodium 2,4,6-trichlorophenolate by microwave initiation

A novel synthesis of poly(dichlorophenylene oxide) and a conducting polymer were achieved simultaneously from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in a very short time, using microwave energy. The characterizations of poly(dichlorophenylene oxide) and the conducting polymer were performed by DSC, TGA, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, SEM, MS and X-ray diffraction spectrometer analyses. The combined molecular weight of the polymer, 1.8×104, was determined by using viscometry measurement. Poly(dichlorophenylene oxide) displaces selectivity in the favor of mainly 1,2-addition structure. The optimum conditions for the polymer and the conducting polymer synthesis were 70W for 5min and 100W for 1min, respectively. The direct synthesis of highly conducting polymer, with the conductivity of 0.3Scm−2 were achieved in the absence of applied doping process in a very short time sequence. Conductivity-temperature relation was examined for the conducting polymer.

Progress in using conductive polymers as corrosion-inhibiting coatings

A general review of the chemistry and corrosion control properties of electroactive polymers will be presented. These polymers are also known as conductive polymers (CPs), and this term will be used throughout this article. This paper will focus on both the synthesis of applicable CPs used for corrosion protection in various environments and their potential benefits over common organic barrier coatings.

Novel Catalytic Oxidative Synthesis of Soluble Conductive Polymers of Poly(3-butoxycarbonyl-4-methylpyrrole)

Abstract A soluble conductive polymer, poly(3-butoxycarbonyl-4-methylpyrrole) was synthesized by catalytic oxidative polymerization of 3-butoxycarbonyl-4-methylpyrrole, where only a small amount of iron (III) chloride as a catalyst, and enough amount of oxygen as an oxidant were used. Addtion of BF3·Et2O to the reaction system can make the yield of the polymer remarkably increase.

Advances in conductive polymers

Abstract Conductive polymers are a new class of materials which exhibit highly reversible redox behaviour and the unusual combination of properties of metal and plastics. The prospective utility of conductive polymers with a potent application in number of growing technologies in biomolecular electronics, telecommunication, display devices and electrochemical storage systems, etc. has further enhanced the interest of researchers in this novel area. An effort has been made in this article to present an updated review on the various aspects of conductive polymers, viz. synthesis of conductive polymers, doping, structure analysis and proposed utility for further study of the future scientific and technological developments in the field of conductive polymers.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Conducting Polymers Based on Polypyrrole

A range of optically active pyrrole monomers have been synthesized in which a chiral sub- stituent is covalently bonded either to the pyrrole N or C3 ring position, namely (–)-(1R)-4-methyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide, (+)-(1S)-4-methyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide, (–)-(1R)-4-methyl-N-(1-naphthylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide, (+)-(1S)-4-methyl-N-(1-naphthylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide, (+)-(2S)-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propionic acid, (+)-(1S)-N-(1-phenyl-ethyl)pyrrole, and (–)-(1R)-N-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrole. Their chiroptical properties have been established by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Electropolymerization of the three N-substituted pyrrole monomers provided films of chiral conducting polymers, whose electrical and spectroscopic properties are described. Although oxidation of the C3 substituted pyrrole monomers was also facile, electrodeposition was poor and films of the associated polymers could not be obtained.

Conducting polymer synthesis via ion beam induced precursor conversion

The poly(paraphenylenevinylene) PPV, conjugated polymer has been derived from a sulfonium salt precursor by ion beam irradiation. A quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis of the evolved species shows the rapid loss of the HCl and tetrahydrothiophene groups during irradiation with 100 keV Ne + indicating the precursor degradation. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry confirms the reduction of the sulfur and chlorine content in the PPV film, whereas the infrared spectrum shows that the vibration mode at 2940 cm −1 of the sulfonium group has banished for a 2 × 10 16 ion fluence. The appearance of the transvinylene peaks, at 3024 and 965 cm −1 in PPV, indicates the full conversion of the precursor ionto the conjugated polymer for this fluence. The correlation between a narrower optical band gap and (by one order of magnitude) higher conductivity of a film implanted with Na + ions with respect to a Ne + irradiation shows the doping effect induced by an implantation with electronically active species. We conclude to the simultaneous conversion and doping of the PPV polymer upon ion implantation.

Metal-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions In The Synthesis Of New Conducting Polymers

The use of transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions in the synthesis of conducting polymers is discussed. These reactions are of growing importance in polymer synthesis and are particularly important in the synthesis of highly functionalized conjugated (conducting) polymers. In this report we discuss applications of this methodology for the synthesis of conducting polymer sensory materials and polymers with reactive functional groups. In the sensory polymers we have incorporated crown ether groups which induce perturbations to the polymer's electronic structure when exposed to an alkali metal ion. Our interest in polymers with reactive functional groups is for the development of polymers which can be transformed into novel all-carbon ladder polymers.

The role of doping in electrochemical synthesis of conductive polymers

A hypothesis which considers the role of doping of macromolecules generated in the process of polyphenylene synthesis, is proposed. Such, flexible transparent high-molecular (n>90) films of polyphenylene were obtained by electrochemical polymerization of benzene in aluminum chloride and butylpyridiniumchlorie based ionic liquid under high potential. Effects of the process parameters on the structure and molecular mass of the samples were studied.

Optimization of Conducting Polymer Synthesis for Battery Applications

ABSTRACTThe evolution of the capacity to store electrical charges of electrogenerated polypyrrole and polythiophene films, as a function of the parameters of synthesis (electrical potential, solvent, Monomer concentration and temperature) was analyzed. The polymer production was followed by “ex situ” ultramicrogravimetry. The stored charge in each film was controlled by voltammetry and chronoamperometry, in the background electrolyte (in absence of Monomer). The charge storage ability was calculated from the ratio between stored charge and polymer mass adhered to the electrode. The charge storage ability of an electrogenerated film decreases several times when one of the parameters of synthesis: potential of polymerization, temperature, concentration of monomer or donor number of the solvent, increase. The change on the polymer property when the conditions of synthesis shift, points to a mixed polymerization-degradation process during polymer growth. The knowledge of those variations allows to optimize the conditions of synthesis to generate conducting polymers for specific batteries applications.

In-Situ Monitoring of the Kinetics and Mechanism of Conducting Polymer Synthesis

ABSTRACTThe aqueous polymerization of pyrrole and aniline by ferricyanide and persulfate, respectively, was monitored by Raman scattering and potentiometry. Raman scattering gave well-resolved signals for monomer and oxidizer. The kinetics of polypyrrole formation could be determined by both techniques, whereas only Raman scattering was suitable for the aniline system. The stoichiometry of the pyrrole polymerization remained constant at 2.5 oxidant molecules per pyrrole consumed. The aniline reaction showed an accelerated region with aniline consumption lagging persulfate use.

Electrically conducting polymer blends

A versatile technique for preparing electrically conducting polymer blends is presented which utilizes the soluble precursor approach to conducting polymer synthesis. The water-soluble polymeric sulphonium salt precursor to poly( p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), a conducting polymer, has been used to prepare blends of PPV with polyacrylamide (PAcr). These phase-separated blends yield flexible and transparent films of good mechanical properties which can be oxidized with strong electron acceptors (e.g. AsF 5) and thereby exhibit greatly enhanced electrical conductivity. The ultimate conductivity shows an atypical gradual composition dependence, which lies between that of the pure components. These blends can also be thermally stretched in the manner reported for pure PPV. Stretching of the PPV/PAcr blends results in highly efficient PPV chain orientation and greatly augmented conductivity along the stretch axis.

Correction: Synthesis of Conductive Polymers Containing Poly(p-phenylene methide) Units

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCorrection: Synthesis of Conductive Polymers Containing Poly(p-phenylene methide) UnitsKusay Al-Jumah and Jack FernandezCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 11, 2960Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online29 December 2003Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00177a600RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (67 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Synthesis of conductive polymers: Lewis acid doping of terephthalaldehyde polymers

Synthesis of conductive polymers: Lewis acid doping of terephthalaldehyde polymers

Synthesis of conductive polymers: poly(arenemethides) having naphthalene and anthracene rings

Synthesis of conductive polymers: poly(arenemethides) having naphthalene and anthracene rings

Synthesis of conductive polymers containing poly(p-phenylene methide) units

Synthese par reaction de Wittig entre la cyclohexanedione-1,4 et le sel de bistriphenylphosphonium de l'α,α'-dichloro-p-xylene. Dopage avec AsF 3

Synthesis of conductive polymers by laser irradiation of chlorinated PVC

Synthesis of conductive polymers by laser irradiation of chlorinated PVC

Synthesis of new conductive polymers

Special techniques to modify the catalyst system e.g by temperature ageing, increasing the viscosity or using other reducing agents lead to a (CH) x-type with better properties: sp 3-amount - defect amount - approaching zero, higher conductivity after doping, more cycles in reversible electrochemical processes. The continuous process to synthesize directly polypyrrole films offers a lot of possibilities to vary the film thickness, conductivity, mechanical flexibility and stability. Also the changing of the counterions leads to different types of structure and quality. Polyene-fulvene is a new electrically conducting polymer. In special cases the polymerchains contain already donor or acceptor-groups and those systems are electrical conducting without any additional doping. Examples are polyphenylenes or poly-indophenines.

Electrically Conductive Polymers and Their Applications

This paper describes the synthesis and properties of conductive polymers, and some of their prospective applications.