Synthesis Of Bismuth Oxide Research Articles

A new approach for synthesis of bismuth oxide derived photocatalyst for degradation of para nitrophenol

More focus has recently been placed on achieving the sustainable development objectives by 2030. As water is important and ha many purposes, it is important to have clean water. The inefficiency of different water treatment techniques restricts their widespread implementation. Furthermore, some of the procedures readily create secondary pollutants. As a result, it is critical to develop an effective and ecologically beneficial method of converting organic contaminants into non-toxic and harmless chemicals. A modified hydrothermal synthesis method was utilised for successfully producing Bi2O3 nanoparticles in this research. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray were used to characterise and to find the structural, optical, morphological, and compositional aspects of the formed nanoparticles. Moreover, the formed particles were used to degrade the noxious Para-nitrophenol (PNP). PNP deterioration was performed under 3 different conditions: under halogen light, under sunlight and in the dark. The experiment showed that halogen irradiation showed better result. Due to PNP adsorption on Bi2O3, even without irradiation, a small degradation was detected but in just over an hour, under halogen light the catalyst destroyed 99.23 % of 4-nitrophenol. We also used natural lighting in our degradation studies. Natural daylight deterioration efficiency was 63.26 %. The nanoparticles that were formed turned out to be an excellent photocatalyst for the degradation of PNP in wastewater.

Chemical Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide and Its Ionic Conversion to Bismuth Sulphide for Enhanced Electrochemical Supercapacitor Energy Storage Performance

Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)-based room-temperature (27 °C) chemical synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and its ionic conversion to bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) has been performed and reported in the present study. A chemical conversion of the bismuth oxide to the bismuth sulphide has been confirmed using changes in the structure, phase, surface elementals , and surface area measurement studies. Both bismuth oxide and bismuth sulphide electrode materials are envisaged in electrochemical measurements wherein, the later has evidenced an enhanced electrochemical performance over the prior. The cycling stability of the Bi2S3 (91% after 2000 cycles) electrode material is also better than the Bi2O3 (87% over 2000 cycles). The as-assembled Bi2S3//Bi2S3 symmetric electrochemical supercapacitor device has adduced 75.3 Wh kg−1 and 749.8 W Kg−1energy and power densities, respectively with nearly 88.8% capacitance retention efficacy even over 2000 redox cycles measured at 10 A g−1. The commercial potential of the Bi2S3//Bi2S3 has been tested by powering the display panel “CNED” consisting nearly 42 LEDs with a full-light intensity.

Synthesis and characterization of novel coral spherical bismuth oxide

Bismuth oxide, a widely studied semiconductor material, has been discovered in a variety of forms. Novel coral spherical α-Bi2O3 with a diameter of 2–4 μm was successfully prepared by a simple template-free and surfactant-free hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission electron scanning microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results revealed that the reaction time and the urea concentration could regulate the morphology of Bi2O3, and a possible formation mechanism was proposed based on the results. This study provides a new idea for the morphological synthesis of bismuth oxide.

Probe Sonicated Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide (Bi2O3): Photocatalytic Application and Electrochemical Sensing of Ascorbic Acid and Lead

A simple and low‐cost and highly calibrated probe sonication method was used to prepare bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs). The formation of a well‐crystalline sample at the end of the product has been further calcined at 600°C for 2 hrs. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the NPs substantiated the monoclinic structure (space group P21/c), and the average crystallite size was found to be 60 nm, which was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images depicted highly porous Bi2O3 NPs with little agglomeration. Utilizing diffused reflectance spectra (DRS) data, the energy bandgap (Eg) value of 3.3 eV was deduced for Bi2O3 NPs, and their semiconductor behavior has been confirmed. Two dyes, methylene blue (MB) and acid green (AG) were utilized for degradation studies using Bi2O3 NPs under UV light irradiation (from 0 to 120 min). The photocatalytic degradation was found to be maximum for MB (93.45%) and AR (97.80%) dyes. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and sensor studies using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. The specific capacitance value of 25.5 Fg-1 was deduced from the cyclic voltammograms of the Bi2O3 electrode in 0.1 N HCl with a scan rate of 10 to 50 mV/s. From the obtained EIS data, the Bi2O3 electrode showed pseudocapacitive characteristics. The prepared electrodes also exhibited high sensitivity towards the detection of ascorbic acid and lead. Hence, sonochemically synthesized Bi2O3 NPs are possibly hopeful for excellent photocatalytic and electrochemical sensing of biomolecules.

Bismuth Oxide Prepared by Sol-Gel Method: Variation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Photocatalytic Activity Due to Difference in Calcination Temperature

Research on synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) using sol-gel method with varying calcination temperatures at 500, 600, and 700 °C has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of the obtained products which encompasses crystal structure, surface morphology, band-gap energy, and photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methyl orange dyes through its kinetic study. Bismuth oxide prepared by sol-gel method was undertaken by dissolving Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and citric acid in HNO3. The mixture was stirred then heated at 100 °C. The gel formed was dried in the oven and then calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C for 5 h. The obtained products were a pale yellow powder, indicating the formation of bismuth oxide. This is confirmed by the existence of Bi–O and Bi–O–Bi functional groups through FTIR analysis. All three products possess the same mixed crystal structures of α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) and γ-Bi2O3 (body center cubic), but their morphologies and band gap values are different. The higher the calcination temperature, the larger the particle size and the smaller the band gap value. The accumulative differences in characteristics appoint SG700 to have the highest photocatalytic activity compared to SG600 and SG500 as indicated by its percent degradation value and decolorization rate constant.

Synthesis of Bismuth Oxide: Removal of benzene from waters by Bismuth Oxide Nanostructures

In this research, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanostructures were prepared via chemical method at 90 °C for 3 h. the results samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) for determination of functional groups, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for evaluation of crystal structure, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) for presentation of morphology and size, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for determination of chemical composition, and diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) for ultraviolet (UV) blocking. Also, the Bi2O3 nanostructures were used for benzene extraction from waters in pH=5-7. By procedure, 30 mg of Bi2O3 mixed with hydrophobic ionic liquid ([HMIM][PF6]) and injected to water samples. After shaking and centrifuging, benzene removed from water by ionic liquid-micro solid phase extraction (IL-μSPE) and determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The absorption capacity and recovery was obtained 167.8 mg per gram of Bi2O3 and more than 96%, respectively.

Bismuth oxide decorated graphene oxide nanocomposites synthesized via sonochemical assisted hydrothermal method for adsorption of cationic organic dyes

Bismuth oxide decorated graphene oxide (Bi2O3@GO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by sonochemical method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The structural, morphology/microstructure and functional groups were investigated through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. In the FESEM and TEM studies, well dispersed Bi2O3 nanoparticles of size 3–5nm were found uniformly distributed throughout the surface and edges of GO sheets. The HRTEM measurements on the Bi2O3 nanoparticle decorated graphene oxide shows imaged lattice spacing of 3.2Å corresponding to (111) plane of Bi2O3 which confirms the successful synthesis of bismuth oxide decorated graphene oxide (Bi2O3@GO) nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was employed for adsorption and removal of cationic organic dyes like RhB from industrial wastewater. The effect of various parameters, viz., contact time, temperature, pH and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption capability as well as dye removal capacity of the adsorbent was studied in detail. Under optimized conditions, like, contact time (65min), amount of adsorbent (5mg), temperature (35°) and pH (4), the adsorption capacity of GO and Bi2O3@GO were recorded and the percentage of removal was found to be 64% and 80.7% for GO and Bi2O3@GO, respectively. The Bi2O3@GO nanocomposite shows higher adsorption capacity (320mg/g) as compare to only GO (224mg/g). The adsorption isotherm follows both the Temkin as well as Langmuir isotherm having heat of sorption 65.88 with Langmuir constant of 13.13 corresponding to the complete monolayer coverage of 387.44mg/g. The adsorption kinetics also follow, both pseudo first order and intraparticle diffusion model with adsorption capacity of 84.91mg/g and intra particle diffusion rate constant of 10.53mg/g min1/2 for Bi2O3@GO nanocomposites. Our results suggest that the prepared Bi2O3@GO nanocomposites possess potential application as high-performance renewable adsorbent for removal of toxic dyes from wastewater.

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Acetaminophen and Isoniazid (Hepatotoxicity-Related Drugs) Utilizing Bismuth Oxide Nanorod Modified Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms.

To overcome the recent outbreaks of hepatotoxicity-related drugs, a new analytical tool for the continuously determination of these drugs in human fluids is required. Electrochemical-based analytical methods offer an effective, rapid, and simple tool for on-site determination of various organic and inorganic species. However, the design of a sensitive, selective, stable, and reproducible sensor is still a major challenge. In the present manuscript, a facile, one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O2.33) nanostructures (nanorods) was developed. These BiO nanorods were cast onto mass disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes (BiO-SPEs), allowing the ultrasensitive determination of acetaminophen (APAP) in the presence of its common interference isoniazid (INH), which are both found in drug samples. The simultaneous electroanalytical sensing using BiO-SPEs exhibited strong electrocatalytic activity toward the sensing of APAP and INH with an enhanced analytical signal (voltammetric peak) over that achievable at unmodified (bare) SPEs. The electroanalytical sensing of APAP and INH are possible with accessible linear ranges from 0.5 to 1250 μM and 5 to 1760 μM with limits of detection (3σ) of 30 nM and 1.85 μM, respectively. The stability, reproducibility, and repeatability of BiO-SPE were also investigated. The BiO-SPEs were evaluated toward the sensing of APAP and INH in human serum, urine, saliva, and tablet samples. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that BiO-SPEs sensing platforms provide a potential candidate for the accurate determination of APAP and INH within human fluids and pharmaceutical formulations.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of bismuth oxide

Single phase and ultrafine bismuth oxide was synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The effect of reaction parameters (temperature/pressure and pH) on the product phase composition and morphology was discussed. The transformation of bismuth hydroxide into bismuth oxide was controlled by pH value and it was accelerated by time and temperature. The phase composition of reaction products was strongly dependent on pH value. The amorphous products were obtained at acidic pH conditions and the crystalline single phase product ?-Bi2O3 phase was obtained at pH ?12. The particle size was reduced from micrometric to nanometric size in the presence of a chelating agent. The bismuth hydroxides into bismuth oxides transformation mechanism, consisting in polycondensation of Bi - OH bounds to Bi-O-Bi bridges and crystallization of Bi2O3, was proposed.