Synovial Sheath Research Articles

A pilot study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced sarcoma.

TPS11588 Background: New treatment options are needed for sarcomas. Pazopanib is the only targeted agent approved for multiple soft tissue sarcoma (STS) subtypes with a response rate of 6% and a PFS of 4.6 months. Immunotherapy has a limited role in STS, as the SARC028 study of pembrolizumab demonstrated an overall response rate of 18%, with the highest response rate seen in the undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) cohort at 23%. Lenvatinib is an oral, multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple cancer types including progressive, radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with inhibitory activity against the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR 1-3, FGFR 1-3, KIT, PDGFR alpha/beta, and RET. Early outcomes with the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab suggest that this regimen could be broadly superior to PD-1 targeting alone for several tumor types as high rates of objective response have been noted. The rationale for this study is based on preclinical work demonstrating the immunosuppressive effects of VEGF in the tumor immune microenvironment including inhibition of dendritic cell maturation, recruitment of immunosuppressive Tregs, MDSCs and TAMs and up-regulation of PD-1 on CD8+ cells. Methods: This is a pilot study evaluating the efficacy of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in the treatment of select metastatic and/or unresectable sarcomas. Patients will be enrolled in one of five cohorts: Cohort A: leiomyosarcoma; Cohort B: UPS; Cohort C: vascular sarcomas (including angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma); Cohort D: synovial sarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; and Cohort E: bone sarcomas (limited to osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma). Eligible patients should have had at least one prior therapy for unresectable and/or metastatic disease, but no more than three prior lines of therapy. Prior treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors or immunotherapy is excluded. Archival tissue is required for eligibility. Patients enrolled in the study will be treated initially with a 2 week run-in of lenvatinib 20 mg orally daily which will be continued daily thereafter. Subsequently, they will start pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 21 days. The primary endpoint for each cohort is best overall response rate documented by RECIST v1.1 Criteria at 27 weeks. A sample size of 10 patients is planned for each of the five histological cohorts. If 2 or more confirmed responses are observed among the 10 patients in an arm, the drug combination will be considered positive and worthy of further investigation for that arm. Secondary endpoints are PFS, OS, duration of response and safety/tolerability of the combination. On-treatment biopsy and blood samples will be required for correlative assessments. Accrual in all cohorts is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04784247.

Leveraging MRI characterization of longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using machine learning

While MRI is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of longitudinal tears (LTs) of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of horses, differentiating between various grades of tears based on imaging characteristics is challenging due to overlapping imaging features. In this retrospective, exploratory, diagnostic accuracy study, a machine learning (ML) scheme was applied to link quantitative features and qualitative descriptors to leverage MRI characteristics of different grades of tearing of the DDFT of horses. A qualitative MRI characteristic scheme, combining tendon morphologic features, altered signal intensity, and synovial sheath distention, was used for LT classification with an excellent diagnostic accuracy of the high-grade tears but more limited accuracy for the detection of low-grade tears. A quantitative ML approach was followed to measure the contribution of 30 quantitative phenotypic features for characterizing and classifying tendinous tears. Among the 30 imaging features, boundary curvature represented by the standard deviation and maximum had the most significant discriminatory power (P<0.05) between normal and abnormal tendons and could be used as an aid for classifying the different grades of LTs of DDFTs. Imaging analysis-based 3D interactive surface plot supports qualitative characterization of different grades of LTs of the DDFT through clearer visualization of the tendon in three dimensions and simple integration of two perspectives features (i.e., margin/distribution and intensity/distribution). A systematic approach combining quantitative features with qualitative analyses using ML was diagnostically beneficial in MRI characterization and in discriminating between different grades of LTs of the DDFT of horses.

Osteoarthritis - etiopathogenesis and review of new knowledge, importance of early diagnosis

Introduction. Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage, surrounding bone and other extra-articular structures, which can cause pain and stiffness. Pathophysiologically, it is considered a multifactorial disease, caused by biochemical, endocrine, metabolic and other factors. An imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inflammation of the synovial sheath, activation of matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanases, lack of bone morphogenic proteins in cartilage tissue, increased secretion of nitrogen monoxide, apoptosis of chondrocytes, crystal deposition and the development of inflammation due to the action of adipokinaileptin play a significant role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Monoclonal antibodies inhibit angiogenesis factors and the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines, so they represent a signpost towards the development of etiological therapy. Research into the action of protease inhibitors indicates encouraging results in the therapeutic sense, as well as intra-articular application of mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusions. Establishing a diagnosis as early as possible is necessary in order to eliminate the symptoms of the disease and, more importantly, to prevent its progression and the resulting disability.

Longitudinal tear of peroneus brevis tendon: An unusual cause for ankle pain: A case report

Introduction: One of the rare causes of chronic ankle pain is a longitudinal tear of peroneus brevis tendon. Peroneus Brevis (PB) tears are thought to occur from both trauma and chronic instability, with and without subluxation former being more common. We report a case of chronic lateral ankle pain due to longitudinal tear of the peroneus brevis tendon without subluxation. Case report: A 51 years female, presented with pain and swelling behind the lateral malleolus on the left side. She had a twisting injury to the ankle before six months. The patient had pain with active resistance to eversion and single- legged standing. Magnetic Resonance image showed an irregularity at PB tendon and excessive fluid inside the synovial sheath, consistent with a partial-thickness tear. Surgical exploration of the peroneal tendon was performed. A longitudinal split of the peroneus brevis tendon about 3 cm long was noted at the level of retrofibular groove, the peroneus longus was intact and neither of the tendons was subluxated. The one part of the torn PB tendon which was frayed was trimmed distally and sutured to the main tendon using an absorbable suture. The lax superior peroneal retinaculum was plicated and fixed to the fibula using a suture anchor. The bony irregularities in the posterior aspect of lateral malleolus were smoothened to prevent further attrition tear. At one year follow up, the patient had no residual symptoms. Conclusion: Injury to the peroneal tendons is a frequently overlooked cause of persistent lateral ankle pain after trauma. High degree of clinical suspicion is important to diagnose the injuries. MRI serves as the key diagnostic tool. These tendon injuries need to be managed based on the extent and quality of the tears. Associated pathologies have to be addressed to prevent recurrence.

Effectiveness of Hyaluronan Autocross-Linked-Based Gel in the Prevention of Peritendinous Adherence Following Tenolysis

Peritendinous adhesions are a frequent occurrence following tenolysis and present a major clinical challenge regarding prevention and management, with no recovery assured from conservative or surgical approaches. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of Hyaloglide®, a hyaluronan gel-based product with a novel autocross-linked technology, in a rabbit model affected by tenolysis on the flexor digitorum communis tendon (FDC). A 1.5-cm-long scrubbing of the tendon surface was performed bilaterally to induce peritendinous adhesion on FDC of 30 animals with subsequent application of Hyaloglide® on the surrounding injured area, in one randomly chosen tendon. The contralateral tendon was treated with saline solution as the control. We sacrificed the rabbit models after 45 days of surgery and quantitatively assessed the generation of peritendinous adherence and regeneration of the tendon sheaths using histological (hematossyline-eosine, masson’s trichromic), histomorphometrical (Tang score, Soslowsky Svesson, and Cook score), light electron microscopic, and gene expression investigations. Four rabbits were devoted to biomechanical analysis. Peritendinous adhesions were limited in Hyaloglide®-treated tendons; moreover, well-regenerated tendon sheaths were observed conversely to untreated tendons presenting with extensive areas of adhesions on the tendon surface. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed an adhesion score (Tang score) significantly better in the treated group (p = 0.001 *) compared to the control group. Moreover, the Soslowsky, Svensson, and Cook score parameters revealed a significantly improved regeneration for fiber structure, cellularity, and vascularity in the treated group (p = 0.001 *). No differences were reported for cartilaginous formation (p = 0.08). Gene expression analysis showed a significant increase in collagen type I expression in the treated group compared to the control group, while metalloprotease 1 and 9 were significantly increased in the control group. Biomechanical analysis did not show significant differences in both groups. Hyaloglide® treatment was safe and well-tolerated, generating improved tissue status. Local application of Hyaloglide® prevents adhesion formation after tenolysis and promotes normal healing with regeneration of the synovial sheath in a rabbit model.

Primary digital localization of extra-axial extra-osseous soft-tissue chordoma: A case report

We report a case of digital extra-axial extra-osseous soft-tissue chordoma located in a flexor synovial sheath of the little finger of the left hand. Histology–immunohistochemistry (brachyury) analysis after broad en-bloc resection confirmed the diagnosis. Exhaustive MRI assessment of the entire spine, skull and pelvis found no other locations. No recurrence was reported at last follow-up. Hand surgeons should be aware of the diagnosis and treatment of brachyury-positive extra-axial soft-tissue chordomas, whence the importance of recognizing its typical and differential characteristics to guide optimal therapeutic strategy.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTENSITY OF SMARTPHONE USAGE AND THE RISK OF DE QUERVAIN SYNDROME IN UNDERGRADUATE FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY.

ABSTRACT &#x0D; The intensity of smartphone usage among students is high because the presence of smartphones that support our activities. Many negative effects caused by the intensity of excessive smartphone usage such as musculoskeletal disorders. De Quervain's syndrome is a painful condition of the stiloid processus due to synovial wrapper sheath trauma or inflammation that surrounds the abductor polllicis longus muscle and extensor pollicis brevis muscle in the hand due to excessive repetitive movements. This study was an analytic study with a cross-sectional method to determine the relationship of the intensity of smartphone usage with the risk of de Quervain's syndrome appearance in undergraduate female medical students of Udayana University. Conducted in February-March 2020 at the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University with 100 undergraduate female medical student of Udayana University class of 2018 and 2019 as respondents who filled DQST (de Quervain Screening Tool) questionnaire on both hands and a questionnaire about intensity of smartphone usage. This research variable consists of independent variable intensity of smartphone usage, dependent variable de Quervain syndrome of both hands, and control variable age, gender, and medical study program. Somers’ D bivariate test results showed no relationship (p&gt; 0.05) between intensity of smartphone usage and risk of de Quervain appearance on both hands. This condition was influenced by position when using a smartphone, type of smartphone, and other factors. Further research is needed related to other factors that influence the risk of de Quervain syndrome appearance and other musculoskeletal disorders.&#x0D; Keywords: de Quervain syndrome, intensity of smartphone usage, pain

ACL Repair: A Game Changer or Will History Repeat Itself? A Critical Appraisal.

Until the past decade the common thought was that the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was not able to heal and restore knee stability. In this manuscript a brief review of studies of the developers and the early adaptors of four different modern ACL repair techniques are presented. The present status and considerations for the future of ACL repair and its research are shared. After promising short- to midterm ACL healing results by the developers, the results of the early adaptors show more variety in terms of rerupture and reintervention for other reasons. Risk factors for failure are a young age, high preinjury sports activity level, midsubstance ruptures and impaired integrity of the ACL bundles and the synovial sheath. There is a call for more clinical data and randomized clinical trials. Conclusion: an important finding of the past decade is that the ACL is able to heal and subsequently restabilize the knee. Patient selection is emphasized: the ideal patient is a non-high athlete older than 25 and has an acute proximal one bundle ACL rupture. Further research will have to show if ACL repair could be a game changer or if history will repeat itself.

Proceed with Caution: Mouse Deep Digit Flexor Tendon Injury Model.

Quantitative data detailing the gross anatomy, biomechanical characteristics, and microscopic structure of the deep digit flexor tendon (DDF) of the mouse hindpaw were obtained. Histological characterization of the DDF and the anatomy of the digit in the mouse hindpaw are detailed. Biomechanical testing determined the load-to-failure, stress, elastic modulus, and the site of tendon failure. In gross anatomy, the origins and insertions of the mouse deep digit flexor tendon are similar to those of the human digit, surrounded by a synovial sheath that is only 1- to 2-cells thick. A neurovascular network runs on each side of the digit outside the synovial sheath, but does not clearly penetrate it. The thickness of the DDF is 0.14 ± 0.03 mm and the width is 0.3 ± 0.03 mm. The thickness of the DDF is less than that of 9-0 nylon needle. The mean failure force of the deep flexor tendon was 2.79 ± 0.53N. The gross anatomy of the mouse hindpaw digit is similar to that of the human digit except for key differences seen in the synovial sheath and vascular supply. The dimensions of the mouse DDF make it challenging to create a clinically translatable repair model using currently available surgical techniques. Despite the similarities between the human and mouse anatomy, and the powerful basic science tools available in murine models, mice are an unreliable model for assessing flexor tendon injury and repair.

Detailed Morphometry and Morphology of Bicipital Groove of Humerus among North Indian Population

Introduction: Bicipital Groove (BG) represents an indentation on the proximal humerus which lodges tendon of Long Head of Biceps (LHB) brachii with synovial sheath. It’s medial and lateral walls are formed by lesser and greater tubercles respectively and the transverse humeral ligament converts it into a tunnel. Aim: To find a detailed morphometry attributing to morphological classification of BG among North Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted over a period of one year on 100 adult intact dry humerii of unknown sexes obtained from Osteology Museum, Department of Anatomy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram, Haryana, India for several morphometric parameters like length, width, depth, length of medial and lateral walls as per descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The BG was classified according to the depth, opening angle and medial wall angles. Morphological features like Supratubercular Ridge (STR) of Meyer’s, bony spur on the floor of the groove or thickening of the walls were also observed and the frequency distribution was presented and Independent t-test was applied to compare the parameters on both sides. Results: Out of 100 sample, the mean of each parameter was length 72.98±7.54 mm, width 9.12±2.18.mm, depth 5.49±1.56 mm, medial wall and lateral wall length 54.83±8.62 mm and 60.82±8.01 mm respectively, opening angle 72.27±18.12º and medial angle 65.27±10.71º. Mostly BG had a depth of 4-6 mm with an incidence of 48%. Opening angle of BG was small (&lt;95º) in 84% of humerus and maximum belonged to type 1 (90º to 75º) variety. Around 34% bones were showing morphological changes, out of which STR was 47.05%, bony spur on the floor of BG was 20.58% with wall thickening in 32.35% of total humerus. Conclusion: The detailed morphometry and classification of BG will serve as a reference base for North Indian population. It will be also useful for the clinicians as they should be well verged with the various morphological appearances of BG among dry bones and radiographs for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Extra-synovial Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the knee joint, Case Repor

Background: PVNS is a rare, benign &amp; aggressive disorder arising from either synovial joints or tendon sheaths; it may erode articular structures and bones. We present a case with unique features of PVNS being extra-synovial and by this report we open a gate for more researches in this field. Case Presentation: This case report concerns a 35-year-old female with a history of right knee pain for 6-month duration proceeded by gradual swelling over posterior aspect of the knee, she denies any history of trauma, clinical examination was unremarkable but apart from tenderness over the infrapatellar region with full flexion. MRI shows a heterogenous signal extra-articular and extra-synovial lesion in posterior aspect of the knee suggesting Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis, FNA revealed a hemosiderin-laden macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, Tru-cut biopsy result was suggesting PVNS as synovial cells were seen admixed with hemosiderin-laden macrophages with fibroblastic elements. Through posterior approach; the lesion was surgically excised and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, the lesion was recurrent after 1-year and MRI revealed the same features, the lesion was excised by arthroscopic intervention. Conclusion: We concluded that PVNS cannot be excluded when extra-synovial lesion is assessed, and further researches on this topic will expand our understanding of the etiological and pathological aspects of this tumor.

A variation: An extra tendon of extensor digitorum in between fourth and fifth digit in left hand

Introduction: Tendon variation of Extensor Digitorum muscle was observed in a 48yr old male formalin fixed cadaver, during the dissection at Anatomy Dissection hall. The tendons of Extensor Digitorum muscle shows anatomical variation most often and its knowledge is important to assess the diseased and traumatized hand. Incidences have shown that tendons of ED may be variably deficient but more often they are doubled or even tripled in one or more digits. The incidences of doubling are higher in index finger or in the middle finger. Very rarely a slip of tendon passes to the thumb. Methods: Regular dissection at Anatomy Dissection Hall. Result & Conclusion: In this present case in left forearm, the origin of muscle was normal but its tendon divides into five proximal to wrist which pass through a common synovial sheath deep to the Extensor Retinaculum. The extra tendon is in between 4th and 5th digit. The right forearm does not show any anatomical variation. This type of variation is rarely found. This particular variation is important for clinical perspective. This case study is useful for surgeons performing Tendon Graft Operations or Tenoplasty.

Engineering a cell-hydrogel-fibre composite to mimic the structure and function of the tendon synovial sheath

The repair of tendon injuries is often compromised by post-operative peritendinous adhesions. Placing a physical barrier at the interface between the tendon and the surrounding tissue could potentially solve this problem by reducing adhesion formation. At present, no such system is available for routine use in clinical practice. Here, we propose the development of a bilayer membrane combining a nanofibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun mesh with a layer of self-assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) laden with type-B synoviocytes. This bilayer membrane would act as an anti-adhesion system capable of restoring tendon lubrication, while assisting with synovial sheath regeneration. The PCL mesh showed adequate mechanical properties (Young's modulus=19±4 MPa, ultimate tensile stress=9.6±1.7 MPa, failure load=0.5±0.1 N), indicating that the membrane is easy to handle and capable to withstand the frictional forces generated on the tendon's surface during movement (~0.3 N). Morphological analysis confirmed the generation of a mesh with nanosized PCL fibres and small pores (< 3 μm), which prevented fibroblast infiltration to impede extrinsic healing but still allowing diffusion of nutrients and waste. Rheological tests showed that incorporation of SAPH layer allows good lubrication properties when the membrane is articulated against porcine tendon or hypodermis, suggesting that restoration of tendon gliding is possible upon implantation. Moreover, viability and metabolic activity tests indicated that the SAPH was conducive to rabbit synoviocyte growth and proliferation over 28 days of 3D culture, sustaining cell production of specific matrix components, particularly hyaluronic acid. Synoviocyte-laden peptide hydrogel promoted a sustained endogenous production of hyaluronic acid, providing an anti-friction layer that potentially restores the tendon gliding environment.

Diffuse type of pigmented villonodular synovitis of knee masquerading as a soft tissue sarcoma

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign neoplasm involving the synovial joints and tendon sheaths. It can be classified into localised and diffuse type. The diffuse type of PVNS is larger and very aggressive, clinically mimicking as soft tissue sarcoma. Radiological investigation can aid in knowing the relation of the mass to the joint cavity and invasion of surrounding structures. A biopsy can pose a diagnostic challenge for pathologists. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Histopathological examination is necessary for a definite diagnosis.&#x0D; Keywords: Pigmented villonodular synovitis; diffuse; soft tissue sarcoma; histopathology.

Giant Extra-Articular Synovial Chondromatosis of the Ankle Joint - A Rare Case Report.

Introduction:Synovial chondromatosis (SC) commonly involves large joints such as the knee and hip with smaller joints being less frequently involved. Extra-articular involvement is very rare, and here, we are presenting the first case of giant extra-articular SC originating from the ankle joint.Case Report:A 42-year-old male presented to the outpatient department with painless swelling over the lateral malleolus for 2 years. Diagnostic imaging suggested the involvement of the synovial lining with the swelling. The mass was excised and histopathology proved the diagnosis of SC.Conclusion:Extra-articular involvement in SC has been mainly reported in the synovial sheath or bursae of the hand and foot, but they can involve ankle joint also. In recent times, there have been concerns about potential malignant transformation of these lesion to chondrosarcoma, diagnosing these lesions have become important.

Interaction of Mycoplasma synoviae with chicken synovial sheath cells contributes to macrophage recruitment and inflammation

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important avian pathogen causing considerable economic hardship in the poultry industry. A major inflammation caused by MS is synovitis that occurs in the synovial tendon sheath and joint synovium. However, the overall appearance of pathological changes in the tendon sheath and surrounding tissues caused by MS infection at the level of pathological tissue sections was poor. Studies on the role of MS and synovial sheath cells (SSCs) interaction in the development of synovitis have not been carried out. Through histopathological observation, our study found that a major MS-induced pathological change of the tendon sheath synovium was extensive scattered and focal inflammatory cell infiltration of the tendon sheath synovial layer. In vitro research experiments revealed that the CFU numbers of MS adherent and invading SSC, the levels of expression of various pattern recognition receptors, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines coding genes, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-20, RANTES, MIP-1β, TLR7, and TLR15 in SSCs, and chemotaxis of macrophages were significantly increased when the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of MS to SSC were increased tenfold. The expression level of IL-12p40 in SSC was significantly higher when the MOIs of MS to SSC were increased by a factor of 100. The interaction between MS and SSC can activate macrophages, which was manifested by a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-20, RANTES, MIP-1β, and CXCL-13. This study systematically demonstrated that the interaction of MS with chicken SSC contributes to the inflammatory response caused by the robust expression of related cytokines and macrophage chemotaxis. These findings are helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanism of MS-induced synovitis in chickens.

Transfert osseux libre de condyle fémoral médial pour la reconstruction d’une perte de substance osseuse carpo-métacarpienne après résection d’une tumeur à cellule géante des gaines synoviale

We report the case of a 23-year-old patient treated for a large giant cell tumour of the synovial sheaths of the ulnar edge of the hand and wrist invading the triquetrum, the hamatum, the ulnar part of the capitate as well as the bases of the 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals and the floor of the Guyon's canal and the carpal tunnel. A monobloc resection was performed in a healthy margin; the loss of bone substance was 7×3.5cm. We performed a bone reconstruction using a cortico-cancellous medial femoral condyle free flap of 8×4cm. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful and bone consolidation was achieved at 2,5 months postoperatively. The cortico-cancellous medial femoral condyle free flap is an interesting option for treating small and medium size bone loss in the hand and wrist. Its use in its pure bone form or in its chimeric form with muscle, cartilage or skin opens up a wide range of choices for the reconstructive surgeon.

Rare Localization of a Giant Cell Tumor of the Synovial Sheaths of the Hand: Thenar Lodge with Compression of the Median Nerve

The synovial sheath cell tumor (TCGGS) represents the localized form of hemo pigmented villonodular synovitis, which remains a rare tumor in our practice. It occurs mainly in young adults with a predominance of women. It mainly affects the fingers of the hand, its location at the level of the thenar compartment is very rare. Clinically, it has a local expression, which can be summarized as a swelling characterized by slow growth and which may be accompanied by signs of compression at a late stage. An anatomo-pathological examination remains the key element in diagnosis and prognosis. Treatment is based on surgery with complete tumor removal. We report the case of TCGGS of the thenar compartment with compression of the median nerve.

Isolated pyogenic tenosynovitis of tibialis anterior

Pyogenic tenosynovitis is a bacterial infection of the synovial sheath that surrounds a tendon; commonly seen in the flexor tendons of the hand.[1][1] Its aetiology is most commonly due to...

Morphometric Analysis of Bicipital Groove in Haryanvi Population

Introduction:Bicipital groove (BG) in the proximal part of humerus is an indentation formed between the lesser and greater tubercle forms the lateral edge of lesser tubercle forms the medial border of bicipital groove. It contains the long head of the biceps brachii muscle, its synovial sheath and an ascending branch of the anterior circumflex humeral artery. The depth and width are very important in retention of tendon of biceps. Several authors reported greater incidence of sublaxation and dislocation of tendon of biceps when the BG is shallow. Morphometry of bicipital groove may influence the functions of surrounding structure leading to various pathological condition. BG is important landmark for replacement of prosthesis of shoulder. Thus knowledge of BG is highly useful in prosthetic sizing, positioning and designing. Aim and objectives – To study the morphometry of bicipital groove (BG).Subjects and Methods:Present study was done on 50 humeri in PGIMS Rohtak in which 25 were of right side and 25 left side. The length, width, depth of BG and the length of the medial and lateral wall of intertubercular sulcus were measured using digital Vernier caliper. Data was recorded separately for right and left humeri then it was analyzed statistically using independent t test, p value &lt;0.05 were considered significant. The data was presented as mean ±SD.Results:In present study above stated parameters were measured which came out to be statistically insignificant except the width of BG, which showed the statistical difference. The p value for the width of BG was &lt; 0.05. Conclusion:Knowledge of BG is highly useful in prosthetic sizing, positioning and designing. The present study is an attempt to determine the morphometric parameters of BG in terms of length of medial wall, lateral wall, length of BG, width and depth of BG. The data on morphometry of BG will be of utmost use for radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and physiotherapists.