Synergistic Cooperation Research Articles

New insights into substrates shaped nutrients removal, species interactions and community assembly mechanisms in tidal flow constructed wetlands treating low carbon-to-nitrogen rural wastewater

A limited understanding of microbial interactions and community assembly mechanisms in constructed wetlands (CWs), particularly with different substrates, has hampered the establishment of ecological connections between micro-level interactions and macro-level wetland performance. In this study, CWs with distinct substrates (zeolite, CW_A; manganese ore, CW_B) were constructed to investigate the nutrient removal efficiency, microbial interactions, metabolic mechanisms, and ecological assembly for treating rural sewage with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. CW_B showed higher removal of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen by about 1.75–6.75 % and 3.42–5.18 %, respectively, compared to CW_A. Candidatus_Competibacter (denitrifying glycogen-accumulating bacteria) was the dominant microbial genus in CW_A, whereas unclassified_f_Blastocatellaceae (involved in carbon and nitrogen transformation) dominated in CW_B. The null model revealed that stochastic processes (drift) dominated community assembly in both CWs; however, deterministic selection accounted for a higher proportion in CW_B. Compared to those in CW_A, the interactions between microbes in CW_B were more complex, with more key microbes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus conversion; the synergistic cooperation of functional bacteria facilitated simultaneous nitrification-denitrification. Manganese ores favour biofilm formation, increase the activity of the electron transport system, and enhance ammonia oxidation and nitrate reduction. These results elucidated the ecological patterns exhibited by microbes under different substrate conditions thereby contributing to our understanding of how substrates shape distinct microcosms in CW systems. This study provides valuable insights for guiding the future construction and management of CWs.

Research on risk management incentive strategy based on the green financial ecosystem.

Taking the green financial ecosystem composed of innovators, green financial institutions and regulators as the object of research, it explores the issue of how to improve the level of efforts of the three types of subjects and the benefits of risk management in the green financial ecosystem. The optimal level of effort, optimal level of return, and optimal level of return on risk management of green financial ecosystems for innovators, green financial institutions, and regulators under the three modes of No-incentive Contract, Cost-sharing Contract, and Synergistic Cooperation Contract are investigated and analyzed respectively, and verified by numerical simulation analysis. The results show: (1) Compared to the No-incentive Contract, the Cost-sharing Contract and the Synergy Cooperation Contract generate more significant incentives, and returns increase over time in both models. (2) The effort level of the participating subjects under the Synergistic Cooperation Contract is the highest, which can realize the Pareto optimization of the participating subjects and the green financial ecosystem at the same time. The study's findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cooperation among innovators, green financial institutions and regulators in facilitating risk management in green financial ecosystems and provide a realistic reference for risk managers in green financial ecosystems.

Evaluation of lipopeptides biosurfactant from Raoultella planticola for bioremediation in n-hexadecane-contaminated soil

Biosurfactants combined with bioaugmentation for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils proved to be one of the most effective ways. However, research on lipopeptides combined with bioaugmentation is rare, and the biological mechanisms are undefined. Therefore, the effect of Raoultella planticola and the lipopeptides it produces to restore contaminated soils was investigated using n-hexadecane as a model of petroleum hydrocarbons. After 60 d, n-hexadecane removal rate increased from 31.3% in contaminated soil to 39.9% with R. planticola alone and 59.0% with R. planticola together with 1.0 g intracellular lipopeptide (INLS) and 7.5 g sodium gluconate (SG)/kg dry soil. Meanwhile, the nitrogen and phosphorus components of the soil increased by 13.9% and 8% in the experimental group, respectively. Besides, DHA activity was 6.7 times that of the control group at 28 d, indicating a considerable increase in DHA activity. Microbial community analysis revealed a considerable increase in functional genera of Sphingomonas, Nocardia, Pseudoalteromonas, Povalibacter, Apiotrichum, Pseudallecheria, and Ascodesmis. The amount of fungus in the experimental group was more than 30 times that of the control group after 60 d. Microbial co-occurrence networks showed improved interactions of Firmicutes and Ascomycota, encouraging synergistic cooperation among microbes and thereby accelerating n-hexadecane breakdown. At once, the metabolic pathways ko00071 and ko00980 for n-hexadecane degradation were greatly elevated, indicating that functional genes such as alkane 1-monooxygenase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase were activated. These results implied that combining hydrocarbon-degrading microbial with INLS was a promising bioremediation technique to remove soil petroleum hydrocarbons.

Engineering the heterojunction between TiO2 and In2O3 for improving the solar-driven hydrogen production

Nanostructured In2O3 was grown on TiO2 NPs by thermal treatment of the solids mixture of TiO2 with the parent In(OH)3. The effect of calcination temperature in the range between 400 °C and 700 °C was investigated and peculiar changes both in the structure and in the catalytic activity of the TiO2/In2O3 heterostructure were revealed. It was found out that T = 600 °C is the best operating temperature for hydrogen production and in combination with 3.5 wt% In2O3 the H2 production from water reached the value of 3.5 mmol/h.g irradiating in the UV–Vis region. Once 5.0 wt% Cu2O nanoparticles were loaded on TiO2/In2O3, the photocatalytic activity boosted to 9.6 mmol/h.g of H2, overcoming the hydrogen production of pristine TiO2 by a factor of 48. This result can be attributed to the formation of a highly efficient heterojunction that assures a synergistic cooperation among the three semiconductors yielding an improved charge separation and faster charge transport, as evidenced by Mott-Schottky, PL and EIS measures.

Performance assessment of up-flow anaerobic multi-staged reactor followed by auto-aerated immobilized biomass unit for treating polyester wastewater, with biogas production

Polyester manufacturing industries produce highly polluted effluents, containing organics, nutrients, trace metals, and 1,4-dioxane, requiring a high degree of treatment before being discharged into the water bodies. This study focused on removing complex pollutants from a diluted polyester industrial effluent (DPIE) via a cost-efficient anaerobic/aerobic combined system, with biogas recovery. The integrated pilot-scale system was composed of an up-flow anaerobic multi-staged reactor (UASR; V = 41 L) followed by an auto-aerated immobilized biomass (AIB; Vsponge = 9.54 L) unit and operated at a total organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.75 ± 0.16 g COD/L/d and pH of 7.14 ± 0.14 at 25 °C. The UASR achieved removal efficiencies of 17.82 ± 3.14% and 15.90 ± 3.08% for chemical oxygen demand (COD, total and soluble) and 15.83 ± 4.68% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), with bio-CH4 yield of 263.24 ± 31.98 mL/g COD. Adding the AIB unit improved the overall CODtotal, CODsoluble, and TKN to 93.94 ± 2.39%, 94.84 ± 2.23%, and 75.81 ± 3.66%, respectively. The NH4-N removal efficiency was 85.66 ± 2.90% due to the oxic/nitrification condition on the sponge’s outer surface. The entire system also achieved 73.26 ± 2.68%, 77.48 ± 5.74%, and 81.26 ± 6.17% removals for Fe (3.93 ± 0.95 ppm), Zn (5.92 ± 2.32 ppm), and 1,4 dioxane (2.50 ± 0.61 ppm). Moreover, the UASR-AIB maintained removal efficiencies of 76.53 ± 8.47% and 77.51 ± 7.38% for total suspended solids (TSS: 335.95 ± 42.84 mg/L) and volatile suspended solids (VSS: 263.50 ± 36.94 mg/L). Regarding the DPIE toxicity level, the EC50 value increased from 12.9 to 39.4% after UASR/AIB application. The UASR’s microbial community at the genus level demonstrated that the synergistic cooperation of solubilization, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis was responsible for the degradation of DPIE components.

Photothermal catalytic C–C coupling to ethylene from CO2 with high efficiency by synergistic cooperation of oxygen vacancy and half-metallic WTe2

Photothermal catalytic CO2 conversion provides an effective solution targeting carbon neutrality by synergistic utilization of photon and heat. However, the C–C coupling initiated by photothermal catalysis is still a big challenge. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical W18O49/WTe2 hollow nanosphere is constructed through in-situ embodying of oxygen vacancy and tellurium on the scaffold of WO3. The light absorption towards near-infrared spectral region and CO2 adsorption are enhanced by the formation of half-metal WTe2 and the unique hierarchical hollow architecture. Combining with the generation of oxygen vacancy with strengthened CO2 capture, the photothermal effect on the samples can be sufficiently exploited for activating the CO2 molecules. In particular, the close contact between W18O49 and WTe2 largely promotes the photoinduced charge separation and mass transfer, and thus the *CHO intermediate formation and fixedness are facilitated. As a result, the C–C coupling can be evoked between tungsten and tellurium atoms on WTe2. The ethylene production by optimized W18O49/WTe2 reaches 147.6 μmol g−1 with the selectivity of 80%. The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to unveil the presence and significance of aldehyde intermediate groups in C–C coupling. The half-metallic WTe2 cocatalyst proposes a new approach for efficient CO2 conversion with solar energy, and may especially create a new platform for the generation of multi-carbon products.

Measuring The Readiness Of Slaughterhouses As A Strategic Upstream Strengthening Halal Certification In East Java

East Java as a national food center must receive serious attention regarding the existence of slaughterhouses that meet halal and hygiene standards. If the RPH as an upstream halal product can be improved, then the downstream area will be greatly helped in realizing a product ready for consumption and use. And ultimately, halal certification for processed meat food products will be achieved faster and better. Based on field phenomena, there are still many processed meat food products that do not yet have halal certification, this is where the upstream slaughterhouse war becomes very urgent. From research using a qualitative approach and this type of library research (Library Research), data was obtained from previous research, news portals, and websites that provide information about the readiness of RPH as a strategic upstream for strengthening halal certification in East Java, which then resulted in the conclusion that the readiness of RPH in East Java is still relatively low. Hence, there is a need for synergistic cooperation between the relevant parties, namely: the community, SMEs, RPH, and government.

Double‐Walled Tubular Heusler‐Type Platinum–Ruthenium Phosphide as All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalyst Outperforming Platinum and Ruthenium

AbstractNanostructured ionic compounds have driven major technological advancements in displays, photovoltaics, and catalysis. Current research focuses on refining the chemical composition of such compounds. In this study, a strategy for creating stoichiometrically well‐defined nanoscale multiple‐cation systems, where the atomically precise structure maximizes the synergistic cooperation between cations at the atomic scale is reported. The unprecedented construction of Heusler‐type PtRuP2 double‐walled nanotubes through sequential anion/cation exchange reactions is demonstrated. The PtRuP2 catalyst exhibits record‐high catalytic performance and durability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes and anion‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers. The investigations highlight the crucial role of Pt/Ru dual centers, providing multiple active sites that accelerate the HER kinetics within a single phosphide material, in the sequential operation of H2O activation/dissociation at Ru and H2 production at adjacent Pt sites. These findings open new avenues for optimizing ionic compound‐based HER electrocatalysts, offering platinum‐metal alternatives in acidic and alkaline media.

Vitamin B5 copper conjugated triazine dendrimer improved the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles for aerobic homocoupling reactions

In this work, Cu-vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) bonded to 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine produced a bioconjugated dendrimer giving rise to the visible-light photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO2. XPS spectra uncovered the coexistence of Cu(II)/Cu(I) oxidation states with a predominant contribution of Cu(I). The new heterogeneous bio-relevant Cu-photocatalyst (Cu(I) Cu(II) [PTAPA G2-B5] @TiO2) revealed a band gap value [Eg = (2.8 eV)] less than those of Cu free components [PTAPA G1-B5]@TiO2 (3.04) and [PTAPA G2-B5]@TiO2 (3.06) and particularly the bare TiO2 (3.15 eV). The reactions showed to be light-dependent with the best performance under room light bulbs. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared heterojunction photocatalyst was exploited in the aerobic Csp2–Csp2 homocoupling of phenylboronic acid and Csp–Csp homocoupling of phenyl acetylenes under visible-light irradiation to prepare structurally and electronically different biaryls. A radical pathway relying on the photogenerated e− and h+ and involving the Cu(I)–Cu(II) synergistic cooperation was postulated. The reusability and stability of the catalyst were verified by the recycling test, FT-IR spectra, and ICP-OES analysis.

Mining Heritage-Based Tourism Development Management System: A Sustainable Economic Study

Through the ages, mining left behind wasteland of limited value, scarred by shafts and ponds. However, enterprising management coupled with inventive development practices, hopes to turn this legacy into a tourist boom. The primary goal of this study will tackle the planning and implementation for transforming these former mining eyesores into charming havens. The focus is on ensuring sustainable growth from these tourist hubs, all while breathing new life into these remnants of mines. Identifying pivotal facets which must be orchestrated for tourism development, this study utilized a qualitative descriptive approach towards engagement of stakeholders. The meticulously designed management system model is the analytical framework underlying this research, aimed at achieving synergistic and collaborative effort on the tourism development. In Bangka Belitung Province, the study zeroed in on Kampong Reklamasi within East Belitung Regency. The conclusion from the study show that a comprehensive developmental system is the core foundation of effective tourism development management. Such a system is founded on a mixture of creative innovation and a collaborative link between multiple stakeholders. BUMDes have the primary responsibility for successful management within the scope of fostering the tourism potential of the reclamation community. The success of BUMDes in guiding this tourism attraction not be seen in a vacuum but rather as the result of synergistic cooperation with stakeholders. Their individual contributions and roles in the development of heritage-focused tourism are a prerequisite for this collaboration. A robust and long-lasting economic framework for sustainable development is promoted by this symbiotic approach.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING EDUCATION QUALITY

This research focuses on implementing inclusive education management at SDN Lawangan Daya II Pamekasan. This study aims to explore the planning, implementation and evaluation of management to improve the quality of education. This research uses a qualitative approach of case study type. Data were collected through observation, documentation and interviews and analysed inductively. The main data sources were the principal, vice principal, teachers, student affairs and administration. The implementation of inclusive education management has had a significant impact on improving the quality of education. This impact can be seen through changes in student behaviour and increased academic achievement of students with special needs. This research provides insights into how inclusive education can be designed to meet the needs of all students and how an inclusive approach can help improve the quality of education for all students. It also shows how challenges in implementing inclusive education management can be overcome through synergistic cooperation between all relevant parties

Homobimetallic bis-NHC(Ptdvtms)2 Complexes for the Hydrosilylation of Alkenes

A series of six bimetallic bis-NHC(Ptdvtms)2 complexes 1–6 (dvtms = 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane) has been designed by expansion of the monometallic Markó-type system in anticipation of synergistic bimetallic cooperation. The new compounds are easily accessible using Karstedt's catalyst [Pt2(dvtms)3] as platinum(0) precursor and the respective bis-(imidazolium) salts (L1–6), deprotonated by potassium tert‑butoxide. Characterization via NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 29Si, 195Pt) and SC-XRD reveals a strong similarity of this new complex class to the parent monometallic complexes. The hydrosilylation reactions of oct-1-ene or 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-3-vinyldisiloxane (MMVi) with 1,1,3,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane (MDHM), respectively, are efficiently and selectively catalyzed with turn-over frequencies (TOF) of up to 78,000 h–1 after a significantly shortened induction period compared to their monometallic relatives. Mercury poisoning experiments demonstrate the superiority of bimetallic compared to monometallic systems in terms of stability when exposed to silanes.

Targeting TLR Signaling Cascades in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Update.

Evidence from animal models and human genetics implicates Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Endosomal TLRs sensing nucleic acids were proposed to induce lupus-promoting signaling in dendritic cells, B cells, monocytes, and macrophages. Ligation of TLR4 in synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) by endogenous ligands was suggested to induce local production of mediators that amplify RA synovitis. Inhibition of TLRs using antagonists or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively prevent extracellular or endosomal TLR ligation has emerged as an attractive treatment strategy for SLE and RA. Despite the consistent success of selective inhibition of TLR ligation in animal models, DV-1179 (dual TLR7/9 antagonist) failed to achieve pharmacodynamic effectiveness in SLE, and NI-0101 (mAb against TLR4) failed to improve arthritis in RA. Synergistic cooperation between TLRs and functional redundancy in human diseases may require pharmacologic targeting of intracellular molecules that integrate signaling downstream of multiple TLRs. Small molecules inhibiting shared kinases involved in TLR signaling and peptidomimetics disrupting the assembly of common signalosomes ("Myddosome") are under development. Targeted degraders (proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs)) of intracellular molecules involved in TLR signaling are a new class of TLR inhibitors with promising preliminary data awaiting further clinical validation.

Selective phosphorylation of MOF to construct KTP/KTOP/C heterojunction for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Polyanion compounds are considered as promising electrodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to their structural diversity and chemical versatility. However, the cycling performance of previously reported electrodes at high current densities still suffers from their relatively sluggish electron and ion transport kinetics. Here, by combining K2Ti2(PO4)3 (KTP) framework with KTiOPO4 (KTOP) composition, we construct a series of KTP/KTOP/C heterojunctions (denoted as KTP/KTOP/C-n) via selectively phosphorylatiny from metal-organic framework (MOF) precuror, and demonstrate the successful synergistic cooperation of both electron and ion transport kinetics by carefully controlling the structure and composition. Comparative analysis and density functional theoretical calculations confirm the reaction kinetics and pseudocapacitive behaviors can be dramatically promoted by synergistically structural, electronic and ionic modulations. Consequently, the optimized KTP/KTOP/C-2 delivers an impressive specific capacity of 140 mAh/g after 150 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and superior cycling stability with 79 mAh/g for 2000 cycles at a high current of 1000 mA g−1. Furthermore, it displays outstanding rate performance, achieving 87 mAh/g at 2000 mA g−1.

Cooperativity between metal centers in homobimetallic PdII-NHC complexes: catalytic potential towards hydrodefluorination.

Among the several unsymmetrical bis-NHC derived distinct homo-bimetallic and mono-NHC supported PdII complexes studied here (1-5), the bimetallic complex 1 was noted to be the most effective catalyst for the challenging hydrodefluorination. The electron richness of the metal centers and the synergistic cooperation between the PdII centers (cooperativity index, ɑ = 8.67) have been recognized to be the deciding factor for its better activity.

CuI-amidobis(phosphine) catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) direct homo- and hetero-coupling of unactivated alkanes via C(sp3)-H activation.

Herein, we present a CuI-dimer, [CuI{Ph2PC6H4C(O)NC6H4PPh2-o}]2, which catalyzed direct C(sp3)-H homocoupling of benzyl and cycloalkane derivatives with excellent yields and regio-selectivity. The method is very simple and tolerates various functionalities. Synergistic metal-ligand cooperativity was observed in Cu-N bond cleavage and protonation of nitrogen, and facilitates a bifunctional pathway, minimising the free energy corrugation for catalytic intermediates.

Consensus-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Face Aging.

Face aging tasks aim to simulate changes in the appearance of faces over time. However, due to the lack of data on different ages under the same identity, existing models are commonly trained using mapping between age groups. This makes it difficult for most existing aging methods to accurately capture the correspondence between individual identities and aging features, leading to generating faces that do not match the real aging appearance. In this paper, we re-annotate the CACD2000 dataset and propose a consensus-agent deep reinforcement learning method to solve the aforementioned problem. Specifically, we define two agents, the aging process agent and the aging personalization agent, and model the task of matching aging features as a Markov decision process. The aging process agent simulates the aging process of an individual, while the aging personalization agent calculates the difference between the aging appearance of an individual and the average aging appearance. The two agents iteratively adjust the matching degree between the target aging feature and the current identity through a form of synergistic cooperation. Extensive experimental results on four face aging datasets show that our model achieves convincing performance compared to the current state-of-the-art methods.

Hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived furans into liquid alkanes over a Ru/WO3–ZrO2 catalyst

Complete and selective hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived furfural-acetone aldol adducts to liquid alkanes was achieved over Ru/5WO3–ZrO2 catalyst at 150 °C and 2 MPa H2, attributed to the synergistic cooperation of Ru and WO3–ZrO2 support.

Photocatalytic, modular difunctionalization of alkenes enabled by ligand-to-metal charge transfer and radical ligand transfer.

Ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) is a mechanistic strategy that provides a powerful tool to access diverse open-shell species using earth abundant elements and has seen tremendous growth in recent years. However, among many reaction manifolds driven by LMCT reactivity, a general and catalytic protocol for modular difunctionalization of alkenes remains unknown. Leveraging the synergistic cooperation of iron-catalyzed ligand-to-metal charge transfer and radical ligand transfer (RLT), here we report a photocatalytic, modular difunctionalization of alkenes using inexpensive iron salts catalytically to function as both radical initiator and terminator. Additionally, strategic use of a fluorine atom transfer reagent allows for general fluorochlorination of alkenes, providing the first example of interhalogen compound formation using earth abundant element photocatalysis. Broad scope, mild conditions and versatility in converting orthogonal nucleophiles (TMSN3 and NaCl) directly into corresponding open-shell radical species are demonstrated in this study, providing a robust means towards accessing vicinal diazides and homo-/hetero-dihalides motifs catalytically. These functionalities are important precursors/intermediates in medicinal and material chemistry. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical nature of these transformations, disclosing the tandem LMCT/RLT as a powerful reaction manifold in catalytic olefin difunctionalization.

Investigating synergistic cooperativity of metal-Brønsted acid site pair in MFI-type zeolites by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction

This study examines how the modulation of the metal-BAS pair in MFI zeolite affects the catalytic performance in two catalytic reactions. The impact of acid strengths on catalytic properties is analyzed using Rietveld refinement and DFT calculations.