Synergetic Innovation Research Articles

Au nanorods-incorporated plasmonic-enhanced inverted organic solar cells**Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2012CB933301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61274065, 51173081, 61136003, BZ2010043, 51372119, and 51172110), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Provincial Higher Education Institutions and Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, China.

The effect of Au nanorods (NRs) on optical-to-electric conversion efficiency is investigated in inverted polymer solar cells, in which Au NRs are sandwiched between two layers of ZnO. Accompanied by the optimization of thickness of ZnO covered on Au NRs, a high-power conversion efficiency of 3.60% and an enhanced short-circuit current density (JSC) of 10.87 mA/cm2 are achieved in the poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC60BM)-based inverted cell and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is enhanced by 19.6% compared with the control device. The detailed analyses of the light absorption characteristics, the simulated scattering induced by Au NRs, and the electromagnetic field around Au NRs show that the absorption improvement in the photoactive layer due to the light scattering from the longitudinal axis and the near-field increase around Au NRs induced by localized surface plasmon resonance plays a key role in enhancing the performances.

OPTIMIZATION OF COLOUR AND CLOUD STABILITY OF CARROT JUICE BY USING HYDROCOLLOIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT

National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of China Microbiology Department, Quaid-I-Azam, University Islamabad-Pakistan Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan *Corresponding author’s e-mail: azam1087@gmail.coms

The enhancement of 21.2%-power conversion efficiency in polymer photovoltaic cells by using mixed Au nanoparticles with a wide absorption spectrum of 400 nm–1000 nm**Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2015CB932202 and 2012CB933301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61274065, 51173081, 61136003, BZ2010043, 51372119, and 51172110), the Science Fund from the Ministry

Au nanoparticles (NPs) mixed with a majority of bone-like, rod, and cube shapes and a minority of irregular spheres, which can generate a wide absorption spectrum of 400 nm–1000 nm and three localized surface plasmon resonance peaks, respectively, at 525, 575, and 775 nm, are introduced into the hole extraction layer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to improve optical-to-electrical conversion performances in polymer photovoltaic cells. With the doping concentration of Au NPs optimized, the cell performance is significantly improved: the short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency of the poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester cell are increased by 20.54% and 21.2%, reaching 11.15 mA·cm−2 and 4.23%. The variations of optical, electrical, and morphology with the incorporation of Au NPs in the cells are analyzed in detail, and our results demonstrate that the cell performance improvement can be attributed to a synergistic reaction, including: 1) both the localized surface plasmon resonance- and scattering-induced absorption enhancement of the active layer, 2) Au doping-induced hole transport/extraction ability enhancement, and 3) large interface roughness-induced efficient exciton dissociation and hole collection.

Study on Maturity Model Construction of Industry ‐ University ‐ Research Synergetic Innovation in University

Based on the connotation and characteristics of industry-university-research (IUR) synergetic innovation in universities, this paper analyses the composing dimensions of its maturity and ranks it according to the perfection degree of the dimensions. On this basis, this paper puts forward the maturity model of synergetic innovation in universities and defines the key processes of the synergetic innovation ability maturity of different levels.

Study on Maturity Model Construction of Industry-University-Research Synergetic Innovation in University

Study on Maturity Model Construction of Industry-University-Research Synergetic Innovation in University

Entrepreneurship and Networked Collaboration; Synergetic Innovation, Knowledge and Uncertainty

This conceptual paper examines the nature of entrepreneurship in innovation processes in time of crisis. Crisis is a time of heightened uncertainty, manifested as increased ambiguity about what knowledge is available yet necessary for innovation. It is argued here that connecting this diverse knowledge is essential for innovation and that this is a key entrepreneurial process. Whilst this point is established in the literature, there is perhaps a gap in understanding how such knowledge is entrepreneurially applied. In systems-based views of innovation there seems to be an assumption that knowledge synthesis just happens as a natural occurrence. Reviewing and synthesising disparate literatures, this paper argues that stocks of knowledge are not, in themselves, sufficient to produce innovation. Instead, entrepreneurial agency is required to collaborate, connect and to combine these knowledge stocks to produce innovation. The paper contributes to understanding and theory by demonstrating how and why this ‘social’ connecting is a critical element of the entrepreneurial role and a crucial part of innovation.

English

Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan ;National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of China 4Microbiology Department, Quaid-I-Azam, University Islamabad-Pakistan *Corresponding author’s e-mail: azam1087@gmail.com

Synergy Degree Evaluation Model for Synergetic Innovation of Industry-University-Research Institute

The value of synergy degree represents the operating condition of Industry-University-Research Institute (IUR) synergetic innovation (SI) composite system, we build up a set of synergy degree evaluation index system and an evaluation model for IURSI based on the principle of order parameter and slaving of synergetics, which divides the synergy process of IURSI complex system into six subsystems including: subject synergy, process synergy, element synergy, mechanism synergy, institution synergy and synergy effect, process of IURSI is just the synergetic process of these six subsystems. The validity for this model is tested through analysis of the current situation of a specific “WSC-IURSI composite system”.

Research on Multi-Sectoral Synergetic Mechanism for Emergent Decision-Making on Critical Incidents

Emergency decision making is the core link and key content of crisis emergent management. The conventional decision-making principle cannot meet the needs of emergent decision-making. Therefore, general linear superposition principle is not applicable any more, and the synergetic principle must be followed in emergent decision-making on critical incidents. Basic principles of making emergent decision and approaches to multi-sectoral synergetic mechanism innovation relating to emergency decision making is presented in the article.

Innovation, externalities, and the state: a synergetic approach

A politicoeconomic model dealing with the interaction of private innovation and public regulation is presented. Causes and effects of this interdependence are investigated with special regard to the externalities which accompany innovations and make them into a partly public good. Our main hypothesis is that the collective character of inventive activity gives rise to synergetic effects. This hypothesis is supported by a microfoundation based on a nonlinear Markov process. Furthermore, the consequences of such synergetic innovation processes are examined: persistent disequilibrium, multiple equilibria, lock-in, path dependence, and chaos. Finally, some policy implications are derived concerning the effects of ageneral public promotion of innovations and of aselective industrial policy.