Synergetic Activity Research Articles

A bottom-up synthesis of rare-earth-hydrotalcite monolayer nanosheets toward multimode imaging and synergetic therapy.

Recently, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted considerable research interest in biomedical applications, owing to their intriguing quantum size and surface effects. In this work, a one-step "bottom-up" method is developed to prepare rare-earth (Gd3+ and Yb3+) co-doped layered double hydroxide (LDH) monolayer nanosheets, with a precisely controlled composition and uniform morphology. Due to the successful introduction of Gd3+ and Yb3+ into the LDH host layer, the Gd&Yb-LDH monolayer nanosheets exhibit excellent magnetic resonance (MR)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) dual-mode imaging functionality. Moreover, the Gd&Yb-LDH monolayer nanosheets achieve an ultrahigh loading of a chemotherapeutic drug (SN38) with a loading content (LC) of 925%, which is a one order of magnitude enhancement compared with previously reported delivery systems of hydrophobic drugs. Interestingly, by further combination with indocyanine green (ICG), in vivo tri-mode imaging, including CT, MR and near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, is achieved, which enables a noninvasive visualization of cancer cell distribution with deep spatial resolution and high sensitivity. In addition, in vitro and in vivo therapeutic evaluations demonstrate an extremely high tri-mode synergetic anticancer activity and superior biocompatibility of SN38&ICG/Gd&Yb-LDH. Therefore, this work demonstrates a paradigm for the synthesis of novel multifunctional 2D monolayer materials via a facile "bottom-up" route, which shows promising applications in cancer synergetic theranostics.

Interaction of aflatoxin B 1 and fumonisin B 1 in HepG2 cell apoptosis

Abstract Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) are mycotoxins commonly coexisted in cereal-based ingredients or foods, and their co-apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells was studied to further the understanding of their combinative toxicity. The values of IC 50 , based on sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay, were 9.5 μM and 481.7 μM for AFB 1 and FB 1 , respectively, showing AFB 1 is more toxic to HepG2 cells than FB 1 . The cytotoxicity was also evidenced by substantially decreased contents of cellular DNA and ATP accompanying an increase of intracellular ROS upon exposure to AFB 1 (1 μM = 10% IC 50 ) , FB 1 (70 μM = 10% IC 50 ) and their combinations. After HepG2 cells were arrested in S or G0/G1 phase after exposure to mycotoxins, flow cytometry assay on the rate of apoptosis showed a synergistic interaction (p 1 and FB 1 at dosage levels with equivalent toxicity of 10% and 30% measured by SRB assay. Consistently, immunocytochemistry analysis on the expression of apoptosis related proteins showed higher expression of Bax, Caspase 3, and p53 upon exposure to combinations of AFB 1 and FB 1 than their individual treatments at the dosages with the same equivalent level of toxicity. In the meantime, it seems that the expression of capase-8 is antagonistic between AFB 1 and FB 1 , which indicates the synergetic proapoptotic activity of AFB 1 and FB 1 is likely caused by their different mechanisms in HepG2 cell apoptosis upon mycotoxin exposure.

Combination of duligotuzumab, anti HER3 antibody or taselisib, PI3K INhibitor with trastuzumab shows synergetic antitumoral activity in HER2 positive gastric cancer cells

Introduction: The anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is central to the treatment of HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC); however, its responses are limited due to some poorly understood mechanisms of resistance. The aim of this study was to asses the antitumortal activity of Duligotuzumab, an anti HER3 antibody or Taselisib, a Pi3k inhibitor combined with Trastuzumab in a panel of HER2 positive human gastric cancer cell lines (GCG), to improve anti HER2 treatment efficacy. Methods: We evaluated in vitro the effect of Duligotuzumab, Taselisib and Trastuzumabin single agent and in combination treatments in HER2-positive GCG (NCI-N87, KATOIII, OE19) and in negative HER2 GCC (MKN28), throughproliferation, migration and apoptosis assays. We also investigated the effect of combined treatment on downstream intracellular signaling, by western blot analysis. Results: After establishing, through a dose response curve, the IC50 for each drug used (≈ 0.5 µM), a significant synergistic effect of Duligotuzumab, Taselisib and Trastuzumab treatments in HER2-positive GCG was observed by reduction of proliferation and migration in KATOIII, OE19 and N87 cell lines; the same effect was found analyzing the apoptotic rate. At cellular level, in particular in KATOIII and OE19 cell lines, the combined treatment with Duligotuzumab or Taselisib plusTrastuzumabcompletely inhibited the activation of proteins downstream of HER3, PI3K and MAPK pathways. Conclusions: Targeting both HER2 and HER3 or HER2 and PI3K with the combination of anti-HE3 antibody or pi3k inhibitor with Trastuzumab may result in an improved treatment effects on HER2-positive GCG. These important findings can be utilized to facilitate the design of future clinical trials.

Ultrasensitive chemiluminescent biosensor for the detection of cholesterol based on synergetic peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 and graphene quantum dots

Developing a novel non-enzyme mimetic in biosensors is of great significance. Here, a synergetic peroxidase-like activity was disclosed for mixed MoS2 quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The high catalytic effect of this mixture was studied on the chemiluminescence system. It was observed that the simultaneous presence of MoS2 QDs and GQDs had a powerful enhancing effect on the chemiluminescence (CL) emission of rhodamine B (RB)-H2O2 reaction. MoS2 QDs and GQDs mixture (prepared with a ratio of 3:2) showed a superior catalytic activity when compared to each of the constituents. A linear relationship was acquired between the CL emission intensity and H2O2 concentration in the range of 1.5–460nmolL−1. On the other hand, since the enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol leads to the production of H2O2; the offered CL system was examined to detect cholesterol after its oxidation by cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) enzyme. Herein, a further improvement was achieved by MoS2 nanosheets. The MoS2 nanosheets increased the performance of ChOx in cholesterol oxidation process. The obtained results confirmed a highly selective and sensitive determination of cholesterol concentration in a linear dynamic range of 0.08–300µmolL−1, with a detection limit (3S) of 35nmolL−1. The developed method was successfully applied for the detection of cholesterol level in human serum samples.

Maghemite/nitrogen-doped graphene hybrid material as a reusable bifunctional catalyst for glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate

In this paper, we present superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3/nitrogen-doped graphene hybrid material as an efficient and environment-friendly bifunctional catalyst for a sustainable polyethylene terephthalate chemical recycling. The presented catalyst exhibit superparamagnetic behavior because of the infinitely small coercivity arising from the negligible energy barrier in the hysteresis of the magnetization loop. By magnetic recovering of the catalyst, the danger of releasing harmful catalyst components to the environment is reduced and the process becomes more cost-effective and sustainable. To the best of our knowledge, bifunctional catalyst including acidic and basic sites have never been used in any glycolysis reactions, particularly for polyethylene terephthalate. The catalytic activity of nitrogen-doped graphene and γ-Fe2O3 are also investigated which show the synergetic catalytic activity of γ-Fe2O3/nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite.

Characterization of a Francisella tularensis-Caenorhabditis elegans Pathosystem for the Evaluation of Therapeutic Compounds

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes tularemia. Because of its potential as a bioterrorism agent, there is a need for new therapeutic agents. We therefore developed a whole-animal Caenorhabditis elegans-F. tularensis pathosystem for high-throughput screening to identify and characterize potential therapeutic compounds. We found that the C. elegans p38 mitogen-activate protein (MAP) kinase cascade is involved in the immune response to F. tularensis, and we developed a robust F. tularensis-mediated C. elegans killing assay with a Z' factor consistently of >0.5, which was then utilized to screen a library of FDA-approved compounds that included 1,760 small molecules. In addition to clinically used antibiotics, five FDA-approved drugs were also identified as potential hits, including the anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal that showed anti-F. tularensis activity in vitro Moreover, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diflunisal, at 4× MIC, blocked the replication of an F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) in primary human macrophages and nonphagocytic cells. Diflunisal was nontoxic to human erythrocytes and HepG2 human liver cells at concentrations of ≥32 μg/ml. Finally, diflunisal exhibited synergetic activity with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in both a checkerboard assay and a macrophage infection assay. In conclusion, the liquid C. elegans-F. tularensis LVS assay described here allows screening for anti-F. tularensis compounds and suggests that diflunisal could potentially be repurposed for the management of tularemia.

Quercetin exerts synergetic anti-cancer activity with 10-hydroxy camptothecin

Quercetin (Qu) is known as a dietary antioxidant with numerous bioactivities, but its function in anti-cancer has not been fully investigated. Here, we show that Qu at low doses (≤10μM) significantly enhances the inhibition of 10-hydroxy camptothecin (HCPT) on the proliferation of MCF7, BGC823 and HepG2 cells. A plasmid DNA relaxation assay indicates that the inhibition of HCPT on the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I (Topo I) is increased by Qu at 10μM. Compared to the treatment by Qu or HCPT alone, phosphorylation at Ser139 of γH2A.X in MCF7 cells starts to increase significantly (P<0.05) at 6h when treated by the combination of 10μM Qu and 0.62μM HCPT. Moreover, the combinational group successively arrests MCF7 cells at G1, S and G2/M phases from 12h to 48h via up-regulation of p21 and induces apoptosis at 24h by triggering intrinsic cell death pathways. In addition, the inhibition effects of the combinational group on the proliferation of MCF7 cells are eliminated by pretreatment with 100μM Z-VAD-FMK (a caspase inhibitor). Finally, by using nude mice xenografting assay of MCF7 cells, we demonstrate that tumor inhibition rates of combinational group are significantly higher than single-drug group. In summary, the synergic anti-cancer mechanism of Qu and HCPT in MCF7 cells is through the combined inhibitory effects of Qu and HCPT on Topo I, which synergistically induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by triggering DNA damage.

Specifically Increased Paclitaxel Release in Tumor and Synergetic Therapy by a Hyaluronic Acid-Tocopherol Nanomicelle.

Recently, interest in tumor-targeted and site-specific drug release from nanoparticles as a means of drug delivery has increased. In this study, we report a smart nanosized micelle formed by hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated with d-α-tocopherol succinate (TOS) using a disulfide bond as the linker (HA-SS-TOS, HSST). HSST micelles can specifically bind to the CD44 receptors that are overexpressed by cancer cells. The high levels of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells selectively break the disulfide bond linker. This effect results in the synchronous release of the payload and a TOS fragment. These two components subsequently demonstrate synergetic anticancer activity. First, we demonstrate that drug release from HSST occurs rapidly in physiological high redox conditions and inside cancer cells. Significant GSH-triggered drug release was also observed in vivo. Furthermore, an in vivo biodistribution study indicated that the HSST micelles efficiently accumulated at the tumor sites, primarily due to an enhanced permeability and retention effect and the efficient binding to the cancer cells that overexpressed the CD44 receptor. Interestingly, the synchronous release of paclitaxel (PTX) and the TOS fragment from the PTX-loaded HSST caused synergetic tumor cell killing and tumor growth inhibition. Our work presents a useful candidate for a drug delivery system that can specifically accumulate at tumor tissue, selectively release its payload and a TOS fragment, and thus display a synergetic anticancer effect.

Possible Binding Mode Analysis of Pyrazolo-triazole Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents through Validated Molecular Docking and 3D-QSAR Modeling Approaches

Background: There has been a growing interest of pharmacophore hybridization in anticancer drug discovery that may be utilized for designing new potential lead candidates against multiple targets that may exhibit synergetic activity. Pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole nucleus are amongst the most important ones. Keywords: ADMET, anticancer agents, druggability prediction, k-Nearest neighbor molecular field analysis, molecular docking, pyrazolo-triazole hybrids.

Synergistic activity of sub-inhibitory concentrations of curcumin with ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing related genes and virulence traits.

Quorum sensing (QS) system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be an important target for pharmacological intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the synergetic activity of sub-MIC concentrations of curcumin (C) with ceftazidime (CAZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) against P. aeroginusa QS system. We determined the MIC and synergistic activity of C, CAZ and CIP against P. aeroginusa PAO1 using broth microdilution and checkerboard titration methods. The activity of sub-MIC (1/4 and 1/16 MIC) concentrations of C on the QS signal molecules was assessed using a reporter strain assay. The influence of sub-MIC of C, CAZ and CIP alone and in combination on motility and biofilm formation was also determined and confirmed by RT-PCR to test the expression of QS regulatory genes lasI, lasR, rhlI and rhlR. The addition of C decreased the MIC of CAZ and CIP. Curcumin showed synergistic effects with CAZ and additive activity with CIP. Treated PAO1 cultures in the presence of C showed significant reduction of signals C12-HSL and C4-HSL (P < 0.05). Sub-MIC concentrations (1/4 and 1/16 MIC) of C, CAZ and CIP alone and in combination significantly reduced swarming and twitching motilities and biofilm formation. Expression of QS regulatory genes lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR using 1/4 MIC of C, CAZ and CIP alone and in combination was repressed significantly relative to untreated PAO1. Our results indicate that a combination of the sub-MIC concentration of C and CAZ exhibited synergism against P. aeroginusa QS system. This combination could lead to the development of a new combined therapy against P. aeruginosa.

Voltammetric determination of catechol based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a composite consisting of graphene oxide and polymelamine

The authors describe an voltammetric catechol (CC) assay based on the use of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a composite consisting of graphene oxide and polymelamine (GO/PM). The modified GCE was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR. Cyclic voltammetry reveals a well-defined response to CC, with an oxidation peak current that is distinctly enhanced compared to electrodes modified with GO or PM only. The combined synergetic activity of GO and PM in the composite also results in a lower oxidation potential. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) shows a response that is linear in the 0.03 to 138 μM CC concentration range. The detection limit is 8 nM, and the sensitivity is 0.537 μA⋅μM−1⋅cm−2. The sensor is selective for CC even in the presence of potentially interfering compounds including hydroquinone, resorcinol and dopamine. The modified GCE is highly reproducible, stable, sensitive, and shows an excellent practicability for detection of CC in water samples.

Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Ficus benghalensis against human pathogens

In the context of present world Nanotechnology has found it's way in every important aspects of our daily lives from diagnostic techniques, drug delivery, sunscreens, antimicrobial bandages to disinfectants. In this study the synthesis of nanoparticles was done by reducing silver nitrate using the bacteria Bacillus species. Formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy with maximum absorbance at 434nm, characteristic of silver nanoparticles by using various analytical studies. FTIR is taken to confirm the chemical bonding present in AgNPs. XRD and FE-SEM was used to determine the metallic characteristics of AgNPs as well as size and morphology of AgNPs. The size of AgNPs is 41.13nm. Disc diffusion method was done for antimicrobial activity, further comparative analysis and synergistic activity was determined. Comparative analysis of synthesized AgNPs was done with water, AgNO3, extracted samples and AgNPs. Further synergetic activity was done to confirm the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs. AgNPs shows good antimicrobial activity against human pathogens so it can be used in drug delivery system.

Boosting visible light photo-/Fenton-catalytic synergetic activity of BiOIO3 by coupling with Fe2O3

BiOIO3 and Fe2O3 can couple in one-step and show visible photocatalytic and heterogeneous Fenton-like synergetic activity for p-nitrophenol degradation.

Synergized mechanistic and solar photocatalysis features of N-TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; functionalised activated carbon

A TiO2 photocatalysts was successfully functionalised by employing nitrogen (N) as a dopant on activated carbon (AC) support as synergist. Two different types of activated carbon adopting namely Garcinia mangostana and palm shell as precursor were chosen as an activated carbon support. Thus the synthesized samples were examined for its physical and chemistry properties through advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The results revealed the contribution of adsorbent support through the rich surface area while doping of nitrogen contributed for effectively utilizing the incident photons by narrowing the band gap energy. The synergetic adsorption-photocatalytic activity was investigated by adopting batik dye, Remazol Brilliant Blue Dye (RBB) as model pollutant. Thus the N-TiO2 functionalised activated carbon demonstrated excellent adsorption-photocatalytic activity with 80% removal efficiency in 6 h. The synergism of adsorption-photocatalysis portrayed the alternative for treating recalcitrant RBB a predominant dye found in batik textile industry wastewater.

In Vitro Anti-Oxidant Study of Herbal Extract Mixture by Nitric oxide and DPPH Method

Herbalism is a traditional medicine or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants or it’s extracts. Herbal extract mixture produce synergetic activity compared to individuals, it was confirmed by its in- vitro antioxidant activity. Herb-herb combinations have been used in practice for thousands of years, yet scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefits is lacking.An increase demand for this , the present work examine thepotential of Herbal extract mixture. Mixtures were prepared in different combination (aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica : aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum) ratio of 10:90, 20:80, 30 :70,40:60,50:50,60:40,70:30,80:20,90:10. All ratios were subjected to nitric oxide scavenging assay to find out the effective combinational mixture. The ratio 70:30 (Terminalia belerica : Solanum xanthocarpum ) showed maximum free radical scavenging property. The present results suggest that traditional crude drugs might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive NO and its oxidation product. These findings may also help to explain, at least in part, certain pharmacological activities of crude drugs, especially anti-infection and anti-inflammatory activities.

Microstructure of carbon nitride affecting synergetic photocatalytic activity: Hydrogen bonds vs. structural defects

Carbon nitride has emerged as one of the most attractive materials for developing photocatalysts with low cost, high efficiency and structural stability. However, fast charge recombination caused intrinsically by the π–π conjugated electronic system severely limits its photocatalytic performance. Constructing carbon nitride photocatalysts with modulated electronic structures is thus a promising but challenging task. In this paper, carbon nitride with different microstructural features, such as degree of polymerization, hydrogen bonds, bandgap, structural defects and ratio of C/N, were synthesized by polymerization of different types of nitrogen-rich precursors. Synergetic reactions were rationally designed for hydrogen production and the efficient and simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants, using carbon nitrides as metal-free photocatalysts. The significant impact of hydrogen bonds on synergetic photocatalysis was comprehensively demonstrated. With the smallest amount of hydrogen bonds, carbon nitride derived from urea exhibited fast charge transfer between interlayers, which is a prerequisite for superior photoactivity. By contrast, the polymerization of melamine and cyanamide was favorable for the formation of abundant hydrogen bonds and intrinsic vacancy defects. It was found that the coexistence of nitrogen deficiency and oxygen-doped microstructures could facilitate the activation of oxygen molecules, and thereby contributed to their moderate photoactivity. This research provides fundamental insights into the microstructural engineering of carbon nitride for high-performance synergetic applications.

Highly sensitive aptasensor based on synergetic catalysis activity of MoS2-Au-HE composite using cDNA-Au-GOD for signal amplification

Single or few-layer nanosheets of MoS2 (MoS2 nanosheets) and a composite composed of MoS2 nanosheets, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and hemin (HE) (denoted as MoS2-Au-HE) were prepared. The composites possessed high synergetic catalysis activity towards the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, glucose oxidase (GOD) and AuNPs were used as marker of the complementary DNA (cDNA) strand of kanamycin aptamer to prepare a conjugate (reffered as cDNA-Au-GOD) that was designed as the signal probe. Both cDNA-Au-GOD and MoS2-Au-HE were applied to fabricate aptasensor for kanamycin. MoS2-Au-HE acted as solid platform for kanamycin aptamer and signal transmitters. AuNPs were employed as the supporter of cDNA and GOD which catalyze dissolved oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glucose. Then cathodic peak current of H2O2 was recorded by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical reduction of H2O2 was catalyzed by MoS2-Au-HE that was modified onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The cathodic peak current of H2O2 was highly linearly decreased with an increase of kanamycin concentrations from 1.0ng/L to 1.0×105ng/L, with a detection limit of 0.8ng/L. This aptasensor can be used to detect kanamycin in milk with high specificity, sensitivity and selectivity.

A New Kaempferol‐based Ru(II) Coordination Complex, Ru(kaem)Cl(DMSO)3: Structure and Absorption–Emission Spectroscopy Study

Recent interest in developing a new anticancer drug with low side effects has led to the study of the combination of two new anticancer drugs. Although both kaempferol (kaem) and Ru‐based metal complexes have not been proven as effective drugs, their unique anticancer activities with reduced side effects have drawn our attention to the need for further studies on their potential in anticancer application. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, structure, and spectroscopic properties of a kaem‐based Ru (II) complex, RuCl(kaem)(DMSO)3 (1). Because of the presence of a catechol‐like functional group in its dihydropyran ring, kaem can strongly bind to the Ru(II) metal center in a basic medium. The molecular structure of the complex was characterized by spectroscopic studies and X‐ray crystal structure analysis. In addition, the complex forms a molecular dimer as a result of the cooperative effect of H‐bonding and π–π stacking interactions. Moreover, the molecular dimer forms a ladder‐like one‐dimensional network structure by water mediated H‐bonding that further extended into a three‐dimensional packing structure. UV–Vis spectroscopy studies of the complex demonstrated the appearance of a strong metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the visible region with strong fluorescence emission derived from the MLCT. Further studies are now in progress to demonstrate synergetic anticancer activity.

Effect of 2-methoxyestradiol combined with quercetin on prostate cancer in vitro

To detect the effects of quercetin (Que) combined with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) on the proliferation of androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer cells line and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells line, and to evaluate the antitumor effects of different combos of the two drugs. After LNCaP and PC-3 cells were treated with different concentration of quercetin (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μmol/L) or 2-ME (0, 0.312 5, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 μmol/L) for 48 h, the inhibitory rates of cell growth were tested using trypan blue staining method respectively. Then the concentration-effect curves were drawn and IC(50) values were calculated. According to the fitted dose-effect curves and IC(50) values, appropriate concentrations of quercetin and 2-ME were selected to compose 16 different combos. Then cells were treated with different combos of Que and 2-ME for 48 h, and then the growth inhibitory rates of cell growth were detected. According to the equation and median-effect principle, the CI values of 16 different combos of Que and 2-ME were calculated to evaluate their antitumor effects. The inhibition rate of LNCaP or PC-3 cell growth treated with varying doses of quercetin or 2-ME alone showed a dose-dependent increase respectively. The IC(50) values of quercetin and 2-ME were 23.29 μmol/L and 1.89 μmol/L for LNCaP cells; and 22.12 μmol/L and 1.74 μmol/L for PC-3 cells respectively. After treated with 16 combos of Que (5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L) and 2-ME (0.5, 1, 3, 5 μmol/L) for 48 h, for LNCaP cells, lower dose of Que (5 and 10 μmol/L) with higher dose of 2-ME (3 and 5 μmol/L) showed synergistic activity, whereas for PC-3 cells, besides the above combination of Que 10 μmol/L and 2-ME 3 μmol/L, higher dose of quercetin (20 and 40 μmol/L) with higher dose of 2-ME (3 and 5 μmol/L) also showed synergistic activity. Both quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol could inhibit the growth of LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. We confirmed that combinations of quercetin and 2-ME at appropriate concentrations have the potential for synergetic antiproliferative activity in vitro.

Investigation of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals and Carbon Nanotubes Additives on Mineral Oil Antifrictional and Rheological Characteristics

Tribological investigations of lubrication compositions containing additives of cholesteric liquid crystals with carbon nanotubes have been performed. The influence of rheological properties of lubrication compositions on their tribological characteristics has been determined. The possibility of synergetic antifriction activity of these two types of additives has been found.