Syndrome In Young Adults Research Articles

Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Its Correlation with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Its Correlation with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Impact of Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome has become a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary patterns on metabolic syndrome in young adults and how physical activity modulates this effect. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a health management center in Tianjin, China, from September 2022 to March 2023. Participants aged 18-35 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between these patterns and metabolic syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 442 participants, four dietary patterns were identified: Legume-Nut, Alcohol-Meat, Sugar-Processed, and Egg-Vegetable. The Legume-Nut dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.08-6.37), while the Egg-Vegetable dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10-0.70). No significant associations were found for the Sugar-Processed and Alcohol-Meat patterns. Subgroup analysis revealed that the Legume-Nut pattern increased the risk of metabolic syndrome among those with irregular physical activity, whereas the Egg-Vegetable pattern decreased the risk. These findings highlight the significant influence of dietary patterns on the risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the modifying effect of regular physical activity, underscoring the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome in this population.

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK IN YOUNG ADULTS: A REVIEW

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, particularly among young adults. Physical activity has been identified as a key lifestyle factor that can help mitigate the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the association between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk in young adults. The review discusses the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young adults and the various mechanisms by which physical activity can influence metabolic syndrome risk, including improvements in body composition, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and blood pressure regulation. Several studies have demonstrated that higher levels of physical activity, especially moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise, are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome in young adult populations. However, the relationship between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk may be moderated by factors such as sex and socioeconomic status. The review also highlights the need for further research to better understand the long-term impact of physical activity, the optimal types and intensities of exercise, and the development of tailored interventions to promote sustained physical activity and improve metabolic health in young adults. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of encouraging and supporting young adults to engage in regular physical activity as a strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Promoting physically active lifestyles among this population should be a public health priority to address the growing burden of metabolic syndrome and its associated health consequences.

Exploration of Hikikomori Syndrome in Young Adults in Lahore: A Preliminary Study

Hikikomori syndrome is a relatively new psychological problem related with serious social outcomes which has attracted lots of attention from mental health professionals particularly after COVID-19 pandemic. The present article is based on a preliminary study that explored the symptoms of hikikomori syndrome in young adults in Lahore extracted from the preliminary phase of an ongoing research project and employed cross sectional research design. Sample was selected from Lahore from October 2022 to January 2023 and comprised of 206 young adults. The sample included both men and women with a mean age of 22 (SD= 6.65) years. Data was collected through demographic form, hikikomori questionnaire and perceived social support scale. Hikikomori symptoms showed significant associations with many demographic variables like age, number of siblings, history of psychological illness. Gender, family system and social support revealed significant differences in hikikomori symptoms. Despite small sample size, present study revealed an interesting set of findings related to hikikomori phenomena.

Prevalence and awareness of text neck syndrome and text thumb syndrome in young adult population

Background: The term "text neck" can be defined as repetitive strain injury and pain due to excessive viewing and texting on a smartphone for a prolonged duration. Long-term untreated text neck results in inflammation of ligaments and muscles, which can lead to permanent arthritic changes. Many smart phone users experience thumb/wrist pain, but some people who develop pain are smart phone addicts. The present study checks the prevalence and awareness of text neck and thumb text syndrome in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 volunteers between 18-25 years age who have been using mobile phone in the last 5 years. A structured questionnaire was created, validated, and used for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to assess responses received from participants. The prevalence of text neck syndrome and thumb text syndrome has been established. Results: About 50.3% of the participants were unaware of text neck syndrome and 57.1% of text thumb syndrome. Maximum mobile phone usage included texting and calls. About 45.2% of the participants use their right thumb and index finger to text. 33% of people have a head forward posture when using mobile phones. An analysis of pain, discomfort, and duration during mobile phone use was done and will be presented at a forum. Conclusion: The prevalence of text neck and thumb text syndrome in the young adult population indicates the need to plan future pain management strategies and increase user awareness

Floating knee with early onset fat embolism: a case report

Fat embolism syndrome in young adults is most commonly associated with the long bone fractures most commonly femur and tibia. Its concomitance with floating knee is reported scarcely in reviewing the literature. Though it has been proposed that onset of fat embolism presents following an asymptomatic interval for about 24 to 72 hours, our patient developed onset within 8 hours following trauma. This case report is of first in this kind ever reported in the literature. We present a caseof 26 year old male patientwith floating knee Fraser type1 and Early Onset Fat Embolism syndrome who developed within 8 hours ofinjury underwent staged intramedullary nailing of femur and tibia with an excellent functional outcome without any sequelae of fat embolismat 2 year postoperative followup. Appropriate clinical judgement and awareness to suspect fat embolism syndrome and timely immobilisation with proper supportive care and serial reassessment and planned surgery preferably intramedullary nailing in young patient would benefit the patient in toto in case of floating knee with early onset fat embolism.

Effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercises with and without Thoracic Mobilization on Neck Pain and Range of Motion in Upper Cross Syndrome

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder occurring in Upper Cross Syndrome which involves pain and discomfort around the neck region, which causes limitation in activities of daily living and impact the health of an individual and can also be a risk factor for reduced general productivity. Few studies have shown higher evidence in younger adults as a result of sustained exposure to abnormal posture, which increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This intervention aims on the restoration of the muscle imbalance and to reduce pain and increase range of motion. Objective: To study the effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercises with and without Thoracic Mobilization on neck pain and range of motion in Upper Cross Syndrome in young adults. Method: This is a comparative study where 70 subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and assigned to group A (n=35; Exercise group) and group B (n=35; Exercise with Mobilization group) respectively. Scapular stabilization exercises were given to both the groups. The intervention was given for 4 days/week for 4 weeks. Pain and Range of Motion was assessed pre and post intervention using VAS and Goniometer. The data was collected and statistically analysed. Results: Both groups showed (p<0.001) differences in all outcome measures between pre-test and post-test values of Group A and Group B. Results of this study indicated that after 4 weeks of upper thoracic mobilization in addition to scapular stabilization exercises, the Cervical ROM significantly increased in comparison to the scapular stabilization exercise group which in terms of flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion, and left and right rotation. Conclusion: The study concludes that Thoracic Mobilization along with Scapular Stabilization exercises had a significant effect in reducing pain, increasing flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation range of motion as compared to Scapular stabilization exercises only. Keywords: upper cross syndrome, neck pain, young adults, scapular stabilization exercises, thoracic mobilization, range of motion

Association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome among young adults in South Korea

Skipping breakfast is highly prevalent but it is not clear whether breakfast frequency is associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults. We aimed to assess the association between breakfast frequency and metabolic syndrome in Korean young adults. This cross-sectional study was based on health check-up data of university students aged 18–39 years between 2016 and 2018. Participants were stratified into three groups by breakfast frequency (non-skipper, skipper 1–3 days/week, skipper 4–7 days/week). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of metabolic syndrome. Out of 12,302 participants, 56.8% skipped breakfast at least 4 days/week. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher in those skipping breakfast for 4 or more days/week compared to non-skipper. (3.1% vs 1.7%) In the age- and sex-adjusted model, individuals skipping breakfast for 4–7 days per week had a higher OR of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.21–2.49) compared to non-skipper. Although this association became insignificant (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.99–2.23) after a fully adjusted multivariable model, trends of positive association between frequency of breakfast skipping and metabolic syndrome was significant (P for trend = 0.038). Frequent breakfast skipping was associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Further longitudinal studies in the long term are needed to understand the association of meal patterns with metabolic syndrome.

Etiological factors of chronic pain syndrome in young adults with post-coronavirus disease 2019 condition.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generates long-term sequelae, but studies investigating patients with chronic pain syndrome (CPS) are limited. This study aimed to establish the etiological factors of CPS in patients with post-COVID-19 conditions. This was a case-control retrospective study. The predictor variables were sex, diabetes mellitus, obesity (predisposing factors), unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, impaired rehabilitation (disabling factors), repeated exposure to COVID-19 (precipitating factor), home isolation, stress overload, fear of dying, admission to intensive care unit, prone positioning, and use of medications (reinforcing factors). The outcome variable was the presence of CPS. This study included 120 individuals. Prolonged days of isolation (p=0.005), fear (p<0.001), stress overload (p<0.001), and impaired rehabilitation (p=0.003) were significantly associated with CPS. A significant relationship was found between prolonged days of isolation, fear, stress overload, impaired rehabilitation, and CPS. The study findings can assist nurses by promoting their knowledge of the causes of CPS and supporting the care planning needs of patients with post-COVID-19 conditions, in addition to promoting the use of the NANDA-International taxonomy.

Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome in a national population-based cohort of young adults and sex-specific risk for type 2 diabetes

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes and its prevalence is increasing worldwide in young adults. We aimed to determine whether cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes risk in young adults.MethodsData of 1,376,540 participants aged 20–39 years without a history of type 2 diabetes and who underwent four annual health check-ups were collected. In this large-scale prospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes according to cumulative frequencies of metabolic syndrome over 4 years of consecutive annual health check-ups (burden score 0–4). Subgroup analyses were performed by sex and age.ResultsDuring 5.18 years of follow-up, 18,155 young adults developed type 2 diabetes. The incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with burden score (P < 0.0001). The multivariable-adjusted HRs for type 2 diabetes were 4.757, 10.511, 18.288, and 31.749 in participants with a burden score of 1 to 4, respectively, compared to those with 0. In subgroup analyses, the risk of incident diabetes was greater in women than men and in the 20–29 years age group than the 30–39 years age group. The HRs were 47.473 in women and 27.852 in men with four burden scores.ConclusionThe risk of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with an increase in the cumulative burden of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Additionally, the association between cumulative burden and diabetes risk was stronger in women and the 20s age group.

Impact of Christian Orthodox Church Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adults Aged 18-49 Years.

Studies regarding health effects of religious fasting have been increased during the last decade. Our aim was to investigate the effects of Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting on metabolic syndrome in young adults. Participants were 224 men and women, of whom 111 had been following the COC fasting regime and 113 were non-fasters, all aged 18 to 49 years (mean age 29.23 ± 8.78 years). Anthropometric measurements, including the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, were performed on individuals, and they also completed food intake questionnaires, and provided blood samples for biochemical analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III and all variables were checked. Fasters did not statistically differ in anthropometric measurements when comparing to non-fasters. Differences were found in terms of biochemical variables, and more specific in HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total blood cholesterol, and in systemic and diastolic blood pressure, although non statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were only noticed in heart pulses and insulin levels, with fasters having lower heart pulses (69.44 ± 9.84 versus 72.63 ± 10.74) and greater mean values of insulin levels (4.16 ± 4.66 versus 3.12 ± 2.35). When analysis was carried to identify which variables were met for metabolic syndrome, it was found that fasters had statistically significant lower values of blood pressure when compared to non-fasters. In more details mean systolic blood pressure was 121.67 ± 12.21 versus 123.41 ± 11.73 for fasters and non-fasters respectively, and mean diastolic blood pressure was 75.77 ± 8.82 versus 78.27 ± 10.07 for fasters and non-fasters. Furthermore, the mean energy intake was higher in non-fasters (1698.25 ± 515.99 kcals) when compared to fasters (1590.24 ± 404.19 kcals) but not statistically significant different. Young adults aged 18 to 49 years who fast according to the COC fasting regimes do not have different metabolic syndrome prevalence when comparing to non-fasters, but there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure with fasters having lower values.

Exploring the Metabolic Syndrome Trend in Young Adults in COVID-19 ERA

COVID-19 pandemic imposed sudden changes in lifestyle with consequent altered metabolic status. Metabolic Syndrome is described as an altered metabolic profile of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity which raises type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular disease danger at an early age. Objective: To analyze COVID-19 era status of obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in young adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 245 university students of either gender with ages 19–25 years were included. The lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and serum insulin was performed by kit method. The insulin resistance was determined by calculating the ratio of fasting glucose to insulin. SPSS version number 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Metabolic syndrome's prevalence in overweight and obese subjects was found to be 36%. The most prevalent risk factor of Metabolic syndrome was raised blood pressure (60%) followed by insulin resistance (57%) and dyslipidemia (40%). The positive coefficient correlations were found for all Metabolic syndrome risk factors in general except HDL. The multivariate regression analysis evidenced that the BMI and WHR were the significant predictors of Metabolic syndrome risk factors. Conclusion: The COVID-19 restrictions consequences call for an urgency to effectively address e metabolic and related problems, especially among young individuals.

Delayed diagnosis of plasma cell disorder-related Fanconi syndrome in young adults presenting as osteomalacia: report of two cases with normokalemia and normal haematological parameters at the time of presentation.

Adult-onset hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is rare and diagnosis is frequently delayed. Fanconi syndrome (FS) due to monoclonal gammopathy is a well-recognized, but rare cause of hypophosphatemia. The relatively young age of patients and normal routine hematological parameters often results in late recognition of this treatable disease entity. Low phosphorus, elevated alkaline phosphatase, mildly impaired renal function and hypokalemia are often the only abnormalities on routine evaluation. We summarize the clinico-pathological features of two cases who initially presented with fractures and proximal myopathy and were subsequently found to have FS secondary to light chain proximal tubulopathy. Atypical features like absence of hypokalemia at presentation and elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23(FGF 23), a marker of oncogenic osteomalacia were noted. Marked clinical improvement and recovery of renal parameters were evident with phosphate supplements and chemotherapy for the plasma cell disorder. FS due to monoclonal gammopathy may present with atypical features and diagnosis may be challenging

Delayed diagnosis of plasma cell disorder-related Fanconi syndrome in young adults presenting as osteomalacia: report of two cases with normokalemia and normal haematological parameters at the time of presentation

Adult-onset hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is rare and diagnosis is frequently delayed. Fanconi syndrome (FS) due to monoclonal gammopathy is a well-recognized, but rare cause of hypophosphatemia. The relatively young age of patients and normal routine hematological parameters often results in late recognition of this treatable disease entity. Low phosphorus, elevated alkaline phosphatase, mildly impaired renal function and hypokalemia are often the only abnormalities on routine evaluation. We summarize the clinico-pathological features of two cases who initially presented with fractures and proximal myopathy and were subsequently found to have FS secondary to light chain proximal tubulopathy. Atypical features like absence of hypokalemia at presentation and elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23(FGF 23), a marker of oncogenic osteomalacia were noted. Marked clinical improvement and recovery of renal parameters were evident with phosphate supplements and chemotherapy for the plasma cell disorder. FS due to monoclonal gammopathy may present with atypical features and diagnosis may be challenging

Prevalence of Upper Crossed Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Upper Crossed Syndrome in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Distribution of fat stores in young adults with different metabolic phenotypes

Adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine organ that affects the metabolic health of a person. Unified quantitative indicators of fat depots according to computed tomography have not been determined. Determination the critical level of intraabdominal, subcutaneous, epicardial, perivascular fat depots associated with metabolic syndrome in young adults is of scientific and practical interest.The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution and relationship of fat depots with metabolic profile in young adults with different metabolic phenotypes, and to determine the critical level associated with metabolic syndrome (MS).Materials and methods: the study included 132 people (average age 37,59 ± 6,35 years). 3 groups were formed: 0 group – 16 healthy volunteers (median age 32 [27; 35); 1 group – 46 people with MSAO (40 years [34; 43); 2 group – 70 people with MS 40 years [35; 44. All the subjects were assessed for height, weight, waist circumference (WC), BMI. The following were evaluated: lipid profile, glucose, 2-hour glucose tolerance test, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, HOMA-IR. Performed by BPM. The volumes of subcutaneous, intraabdominal, perivascular, epicardial fats, the ratio of subcutaneous to intraabdominal fat were determined using computed tomography.Results: The maximum values of intraabdominal, epicardial and periportal fat were in individuals with MS – with an unhealthy metabolic phenotype. There was a significant association of the periaortic fat depot with the maximum number of MS indicators: lipid profile (p &lt; 0,01), glucose (p &lt; 0,01), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p &lt; 0,01), WC (p &lt; 0,01). Intraabdominal and epicardial fat depots were significantly associated with the level of TG, HDL, glucose, with the level of pressure and WC (p &lt; 0,01). Subcutaneous fat had few reliable correlations, and was associated only with TG and WC (p &lt; 0,01). The critical level of periaortic fat associated with metabolic syndrome was &lt; 12,2 cm3 (AuROC 0,72, p &lt; 0,01), epicardial &lt; 88,5 cm3 (AuROC 0,69, p &lt; 0,01), intraabdominal &lt; 129,9 cm2 (AuROC 0,78, p &lt; 0,01), subcutaneous &lt; 330,0 cm2 (AuROC 0,61, p &lt; 0,01), the ratio of subcutaneous to intraabdominal &lt; 1,6 (AuROC 0,70, p &lt; 0,01).Conclusion: Critical values of periportal, epicardial, intraabdominal, subcutaneous and the ratio of subcutaneous to intraabdominal associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome were identified in young adults. The level of periportal fat &lt; 12,2 ml can be considered as a predictor of MS in young adults, but further studies are required.

Inherited Germline DNA Repair Gene Defects Are Prevalent Among Thai Patients with Myeloid Neoplasms

Certain germline mutations increase the risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) accompanied by second hit somatic events, such as therapy-related or oxidation-induced DNA damages. Aberrancy in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways leads to genomic instability giving rise to cancer. Previous data showed that the prevalence of pathogenic germline mutations in young adult Caucasian MN patients was 13-19%.1, 2 The most commonly affected pathways were involved in telomere biology and transcription factors, while the defects in DDRs were found in 15-25%. However, data in Asians are limited. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and landscape of germline variants in cancer predisposition genes in a cohort of Thai patients diagnosed with MNs. Targeted next generation sequencing of 23 germline predisposition genes was performed using the SureSelect custom kit and the Illumina HiSeq 2500 system. The total of 127 unselected adult (> 15 years old) patients from 3 medical centers comprising MDS (66%), MDS/MPN (14%) secondary AML (sAML, 20%) were enrolled. The median age was 66 years old (range 16-93) and 50% were male. Variants reported in COSMIC, the frequency of higher than 0.01% in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) or Thai exome database (consisted of 1084 Thai exome controls) and variant allelic frequency of less than 30% were excluded. New or exceeding rare nonsense variants or indels, as well as missense variants predicted to be deleterious by at least 4/6 in silico software, were included. The variants were classified according to American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) classification. 14pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline variants were identified in 15 patients (15/127; 12%). One patient had 2 variants including heterozygous CEBPAP75fs and MSH2A604G. Of the 16 variants, there were 8 (50%) missense, 7 (44%) frameshift, and 1 (6%) nonsense, with a median VAF of 51%, ranging 36-83%. The variants affected the DDR pathway (8/16; 50%), transcriptional regulation pathway (4/16; 25%) and signal transduction pathway (2/16; 13%). Two variants were recurrent i.e.,FANCAAla1219GlyfsTer59 and BRCA2Glu626delinsAspPro and the others were identified in BRCA1/2, MSH2, MSH6, GATA2, CEBPA, DDX41, CBL and NF1. The median age of patients harboring germline variants was younger (58 vs. 66 years old) than those who did not. Half of the cases (6/12) were characterized by normal cytogenetics without enrichment of -7 or complex karyotype, comparable to patients with no germline variants. Of note, 28% (4/14) patients had previous history of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Graves’ disease, Immune thrombocytopenia, and aplastic anemia (FANCA mutation) for years before MNs were diagnosed. None of the patients reported family history of hematological malignancies. In conclusion, the prevalence of germline predisposition to MNs in Southeast Asian populations is as high as in Caucasians and the identified variants are more commonly involved in the DDR pathway. The defects in the DDR pathway suggested an important role of genomic instability in leukemogenesis. This subset of patients should preferably receive non-cytotoxic treatments to avoid oxidative damages that possibly lead to further clonal evolution. ReferencesKeel SB, Scott A, Sanchez-Bonilla M, Ho PA, Gulsuner S, Pritchard CC, et al. Genetic features of myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia in pediatric and young adult patients. Haematologica 2016 Nov; 101(11): 1343-1350. Feurstein S, Churpek JE, Walsh T, Keel S, Hakkarainen M, Schroeder T, et al. Germline variants drive myelodysplastic syndrome in young adults. Leukemia 2021 2021/08/01; 35(8): 2439-2444.

Characteristics of Biomechanical and Physical Function According to Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Acetabular Impingement Syndrome in Young Adults.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is caused by hip joint anomalies. Although asymptomatic and symptomatic FAI have been reported in young adults, information on biomechanical and functional characteristics of FAI is rare. We compared the subjective hip score, range of motion (ROM), dynamic balance, and hip strength between symptomatic FAI (FAIsym) and asymptomatic FAI (FAIasym) groups and healthy controls. Participants (n = 307; men: 155, women: 152) were classified according to morphological abnormalities and hip joint symptoms, comprising symptomatic FAI, asymptomatic FAI, and healthy controls. The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), hip ROM, Y-balance test (YBT), and isokinetic hip strength were measured. The types of FAI were not significantly differenent in both men and women. FAIsym exhibited significantly reduced HAGOS, whereas FAIasym showed no significant difference compared to the healthy group (men: healthy 91.7 vs. FAIasym 87.2 vs. FAIsym 49.9, women: healthy 91.7 vs. FAIasym 86.2 vs. FAIsym 53.9). Hip flexion, adduction, and internal and external rotation ROMs were only significantly reduced in symptomatic FAI. Asymptomatic and symptomatic FAI groups displayed significantly lower YBT scores than healthy controls (men healthy: 84.9 vs. FAIasym: 69.0 vs. FAIsym 58.7, women healthy 79.2 vs. FAIasym 64.0 vs. FAIsym 55.5). Isokinetic hip flexion, adduction, and abduction strengths were significantly lower in FAIsym. In conclusion, FAIasym showed no decrease in muscle strength but displayed reduced dynamic balance. Subjective satisfaction, ROM, muscle strength, and dynamic balance were lower in FAIsym compared to FAIasym and healthy groups.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at riskof developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) at a younger age. We sought to obtain the prevalence of MetS in ACHD from a large population-based database inthe United States. We conducted a retrospectivecohort study of patients with ACHD inExplorys (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York) database from 2008 to 2019.The ACHD cohort included patients aged 20 to 39years, with moderate and severe congenital heart disease, as defined by ACHD anatomic and physiologic classification. Patients were diagnosed with MetS using the modified International Diabetes Federation's diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the risk of MetS in the ACHD cohort. MetS was diagnosed in 1,860 of 6,720 patients with ACHD (27.6%). Among 7,359,470 controls, MetS was seen in 742,010 (10.1%). The average age of MetS in ACHD was 31.5 and 32.7years in controls (p &lt;0.001). The risk of MetS was higher in ACHD versus controls (odds ratio [OR] 2.75 [2.61 to 2.89], p &lt;0.001). The risk of MetS in ACHD was higher in men (OR 3.01 [2.78 to 3.26], p &lt;0.001) and those aged &lt;25years(men OR 7.57 [6.31 to 9.07], women OR 4.66 [3.85 to 5.63]; p &lt;0.001). The risk of MetS was higher in patients with severe versus moderate ACHD (OR 1.4 [1.56 to 1.74], p &lt;0.001). In conclusion, MetS and its risk factors are more common in young ACHD than inthe general population.

Association between sarcopenic obesity with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

BackgroundThere is a debate as to whether sarcopenic obesity leads to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in young adults. ObjectiveTo determine the association between sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR). MethodsA 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects of the specialty consultation between 18 and 55 years old, with BMI≥35 with comorbidity or BMI≥40 with and without comorbidity were included. The association was calculated using an odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results254 subjects were analyzed, 76.4% were women and average age was 38.36±8.78 years. The OR of IR in subjects with or without sarcopenic obesity was 2224 (95% CI, 1127 to 4389, p=0.02). The OR of MS in subjects with or without sarcopenia was 1.045 (95% CI, 0.624–1.748, p=0.868). A difference was found between the fat mass in the group with IR vs without IR of 60.58±14.4kg vs 53.98±12.2kg (p<0.001); likewise, between the BMI and muscle mass of 46.15±6.78 kg/m2 vs 43.51±6.11kg/m2 (p<0.05) and 30.05±7.48kg vs 27.86±5.91kg (<0.05) respectively. ConclusionThe association between sarcopenic obesity with IR in young adults was significant, but not with MS. Our findings emphasize the need to become aware of the importance of maintaining lean mass in obese subjects.